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Kumar R, Dohi T, Zhdankin VV. Organohypervalent heterocycles. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:4786-4827. [PMID: 38545658 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs01055k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
This review summarizes the structural and synthetic aspects of heterocyclic molecules incorporating an atom of a hypervalent main-group element. The term "hypervalent" has been suggested for derivatives of main-group elements with more than eight valence electrons, and the concept of hypervalency is commonly used despite some criticism from theoretical chemists. The significantly higher thermal stability of hypervalent heterocycles compared to their acyclic analogs adds special features to their chemistry, particularly for bromine and iodine. Heterocyclic compounds of elements with double bonds are not categorized as hypervalent molecules owing to the zwitterionic nature of these bonds, resulting in the conventional 8-electron species. This review is focused on hypervalent heterocyclic derivatives of nonmetal main-group elements, such as boron, silicon, nitrogen, carbon, phosphorus, sulfur, selenium, bromine, chlorine, iodine(III) and iodine(V).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, J C Bose University of Science and Technology, YMCA, NH-2, Sector-6, Mathura Road, Faridabad, 121006, Haryana, India.
| | - Toshifumi Dohi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
| | - Viktor V Zhdankin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1038 University Drive, 126 HCAMS University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, USA.
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2
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Aryl-, Akynyl-, and Alkenylbenziodoxoles: Synthesis and Synthetic Applications. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052136. [PMID: 36903382 PMCID: PMC10004369 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypervalent iodine reagents are in high current demand due to their exceptional reactivity in oxidative transformations, as well as in diverse umpolung functionalization reactions. Cyclic hypervalent iodine compounds, known under the general name of benziodoxoles, possess improved thermal stability and synthetic versatility in comparison with their acyclic analogs. Aryl-, alkenyl-, and alkynylbenziodoxoles have recently received wide synthetic applications as efficient reagents for direct arylation, alkenylation, and alkynylation under mild reaction conditions, including transition metal-free conditions as well as photoredox and transition metal catalysis. Using these reagents, a plethora of valuable, hard-to-reach, and structurally diverse complex products can be synthesized by convenient procedures. The review covers the main aspects of the chemistry of benziodoxole-based aryl-, alkynyl-, and alkenyl- transfer reagents, including preparation and synthetic applications.
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3
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Mondal S, Di Tommaso EM, Olofsson B. Transition-Metal-Free Difunctionalization of Sulfur Nucleophiles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216296. [PMID: 36546892 PMCID: PMC10108051 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Efficient protocols for accessing iodo-substituted diaryl and aryl(vinyl) sulfides have been developed using iodonium salts as reactive electrophilic arylation and vinylation reagents. The reactions take place under transition-metal-free conditions, employing odorless and convenient sulfur reagents. A wide variety of functional groups are tolerated in the S-diarylation, enabling the regioselective late-stage application of several heterocycles and drug molecules under mild reaction conditions. A novel S-difunctionalization pathway was discovered using vinyliodonium salts, which proceeds under additive-free reaction conditions and grants excellent stereoselectivity in the synthesis of aryl(vinyl) sulfides. A one-pot strategy combining transition-metal-free diarylation and subsequent reduction provided facile access to electron-rich thioanilines and a direct synthesis of a potential drug candidate derivative. The retained iodo group allows a wide array of further synthetic transformations. Mechanistic insights were elucidated by isolating the key intermediate, and the relevant energy profile was substantiated by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobhan Mondal
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ester Maria Di Tommaso
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Berit Olofsson
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
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4
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Soldatova NS, Postnikov PS, Ivanov DM, Semyonov OV, Kukurina OS, Guselnikova O, Yamauchi Y, Wirth T, Zhdankin VV, Yusubov MS, Gomila RM, Frontera A, Resnati G, Kukushkin VY. Zwitterionic iodonium species afford halogen bond-based porous organic frameworks. Chem Sci 2022; 13:5650-5658. [PMID: 35694330 PMCID: PMC9116302 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00892k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Porous architectures characterized by parallel channels arranged in honeycomb or rectangular patterns are identified in two polymorphic crystals of a zwitterionic 4-(aryliodonio)-benzenesulfonate. The channels are filled with disordered water molecules which can be reversibly removed on heating. Consistent with the remarkable strength and directionality of the halogen bonds (XBs) driving the crystal packing formation, the porous structure is stable and fully preserved on almost quantitative removal and readsorption of water. The porous systems described here are the first reported cases of one-component 3D organic frameworks whose assembly is driven by XB only (XOFs). These systems are a proof of concept for the ability of zwitterionic aryliodonium tectons in affording robust one-component 3D XOFs. The high directionality and strength of the XBs formed by these zwitterions and the geometrical constraints resulting from the tendency of their hypervalent iodine atoms to act as bidentate XB donors might be key factors in determining this ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia S Soldatova
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University Tomsk 634034 Russian Federation
| | - Pavel S Postnikov
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University Tomsk 634034 Russian Federation
- Department of Solid State Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology Prague 16628 Czech Republic
| | - Daniil M Ivanov
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University Tomsk 634034 Russian Federation
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University Saint Petersburg 199034 Russian Federation
| | - Oleg V Semyonov
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University Tomsk 634034 Russian Federation
| | - Olga S Kukurina
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University Tomsk 634034 Russian Federation
| | - Olga Guselnikova
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University Tomsk 634034 Russian Federation
- JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics Project, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics Project, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Thomas Wirth
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University Park Place Cardiff UK
| | - Viktor V Zhdankin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth MN 55812 USA
| | - Mekhman S Yusubov
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University Tomsk 634034 Russian Federation
| | - Rosa M Gomila
- Serveis Científico-Tècnics, Universitat de les Illes Balears Crta. de Valldemossa Km 7.5 07122 Palma de Mallorca Spain
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears Crta. de Valldemossa Km 7.5 07122 Palma de Mallorca Spain
| | - Giuseppe Resnati
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University Tomsk 634034 Russian Federation
- NFMLab, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta"; Politecnico di Milano via Mancinelli 7 I-20131 Milano Italy
| | - Vadim Yu Kukushkin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University Saint Petersburg 199034 Russian Federation
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Kikushima K, Miyamoto N, Watanabe K, Koseki D, Kita Y, Dohi T. Ligand- and Counterion-Assisted Phenol O-Arylation with TMP-Iodonium(III) Acetates. Org Lett 2022; 24:1924-1928. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Kikushima
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1, Nojihigashi, Kusatsu Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Naoki Miyamoto
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1, Nojihigashi, Kusatsu Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Kazuma Watanabe
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1, Nojihigashi, Kusatsu Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Daichi Koseki
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1, Nojihigashi, Kusatsu Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kita
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1, Nojihigashi, Kusatsu Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Dohi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1, Nojihigashi, Kusatsu Shiga 525-8577, Japan
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1, Nojihigashi, Kusatsu Shiga 525-8577, Japan
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Abstract
Due to similar reactivity in comparison with aromatic organometallic reagents,
diaryliodonium salts are currently in broad usage as less toxic, highly efficient, stable and
mild electrophilic reagents in organic synthesis. The hypervalent iodine center of diaryliodonium
salts can lead to unique reactivity, which thus is frequently presented in metal-free
arylations or metal-involved elementary reactions such as oxidative addition, reduction
elimination, ligand coupling and ligand exchange reaction. As such, diaryliodonium salts
have experienced explosive growth by transferring aromatics to the target molecules. In
contrast to the reviews on the synthetic utility or aryl transformations by using diaryliodonium
salts, this review provides a summary of their structures and the synthetic strategies
towards them during recent decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Guoqiang An
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Limin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jianwei Han
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
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Abudken AMH, Hope EG, Singh K, Stuart AM. Fluorinations of unsymmetrical diaryliodonium salts containing ortho-sidearms; influence of sidearm on selectivity. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:6140-6146. [PMID: 32724955 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01401j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Activated aromatics were reacted with two different fluoroidoane reagents 1 and 2 in the presence of triflic acid to prepare only the para-substituted diaryliodonium salts. With fluoroiodane 1 the unsymmetrical diaryliodonium salts contained an ortho-propan-2-ol sidearm, whereas the alcohol sidearm was eliminated to form an ortho-styrene sidearm in the reaction with fluoroiodane 2. Only the diaryliodonium salts containing a styrene sidearm were fluorinated successfully to deliver para-fluorinated aromatics in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M H Abudken
- School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK. and College of Pharmacy, Al-Qadisiyah University, Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq
| | - Eric G Hope
- School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
| | - Kuldip Singh
- School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
| | - Alison M Stuart
- School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
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Yang S, Li H, Li P, Yang J, Wang L. Room temperature iron(ii)-catalyzed radical cyclization of unsaturated oximes with hypervalent iodine reagents. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:715-724. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02424g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
An iron(ii)-catalyzed radical cyclization of oximes with hypervalent iodine reagents was developed, which enabled the construction of the isoxazoline backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Yang
- Department of Chemistry
- Huaibei Normal University
- Huaibei
- P.R. China
| | - Hongji Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Huaibei Normal University
- Huaibei
- P.R. China
| | - Pinhua Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Huaibei Normal University
- Huaibei
- P.R. China
| | - Jingya Yang
- Department of Chemistry
- Huaibei Normal University
- Huaibei
- P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Huaibei Normal University
- Huaibei
- P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
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9
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Soldatova NS, Postnikov PS, Suslonov VV, Kissler TY, Ivanov DM, Yusubov MS, Galmés B, Frontera A, Kukushkin VY. Diaryliodonium as a double σ-hole donor: the dichotomy of thiocyanate halogen bonding provides divergent solid state arylation by diaryliodonium cations. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00678e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of [Ar1Ar2I](SCN) toward the solid-state arylation depends on the preorganization of halogen bond (XB)-bound SCN−: N-XB-bound thiocyanates, which, in contrast to N,S-XB-bound, undergoes the extremely rare N-arylation of SCN−.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia S. Soldatova
- Institute of Chemistry
- Saint Petersburg State University
- Saint Petersburg 199034
- Russian Federation
| | - Pavel S. Postnikov
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences
- Tomsk Polytechnic University
- Tomsk 634034
- Russian Federation
- Department of Solid State Engineering
| | - Vitalii V. Suslonov
- Institute of Chemistry
- Saint Petersburg State University
- Saint Petersburg 199034
- Russian Federation
| | - Troyana Yu. Kissler
- Institute of Chemistry
- Saint Petersburg State University
- Saint Petersburg 199034
- Russian Federation
| | - Daniil M. Ivanov
- Institute of Chemistry
- Saint Petersburg State University
- Saint Petersburg 199034
- Russian Federation
| | - Mekhman S. Yusubov
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences
- Tomsk Polytechnic University
- Tomsk 634034
- Russian Federation
| | - Bartomeu Galmés
- Department of Chemistry
- Universitat de les Illes Balear
- 07122 Palma de Mallorca (Baleares)
- Spain
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department of Chemistry
- Universitat de les Illes Balear
- 07122 Palma de Mallorca (Baleares)
- Spain
| | - Vadim Yu. Kukushkin
- Institute of Chemistry
- Saint Petersburg State University
- Saint Petersburg 199034
- Russian Federation
- South Ural State University
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10
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Zhdankin VV, Yusubov MS, Postnikov P, Yoshimura A. Benziodoxole-Derived Organosulfonates: The Strongest Hypervalent Iodine Electrophiles and Oxidants. Synlett 2019. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1690761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This account describes the development of organosulfonyloxy-substituted iodine(III) and iodine(V) benziodoxole derived reagents, which are thermally stable compounds with useful reactivity patterns. Iodine(III) benziodoxoles and pseudobenziodoxoles are powerful electrophiles and mild oxidants toward various unsaturated compounds. In particular, pseudocyclic benziodoxole-derived triflate (IBA-OTf) is an efficient reagent for oxidative heteroannulation reactions. Aldoximes react with nitriles in the presence of IBA-OTf at room temperature to give 1,2,4-oxadiazoles in high yields. Moreover, IBA-triflate is used as a catalyst in oxidative heteroannulations with m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid as the terminal oxidant. The iodine(V) benziodoxole derived tosylates, DMP-tosylate and IBX-tosylate, are superior oxidants for the oxidation of structurally diverse, synthetically useful alcohols, utilized as key precursors in the total syntheses of polyketide antibiotics and terpenes. And finally, the most powerful hypervalent iodine(V) oxidant, 2-iodoxybenzoic acid ditriflate (IBX·2HOTf), is prepared by treatment of IBX with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid. According to the X-ray data, the I–OTf bonds in IBX-ditriflate have ionic character, leading to the high reactivity of this reagent in various oxidations. In particular, IBX-ditriflate can oxidize polyfluorinated primary alcohols, which are generally extremely resistant to oxidation.1 Introduction2 Iodine(III) Benziodoxole Based Organosulfonates3 Pseudocyclic Iodine(III) Benziodoxole Triflate (IBA-triflate)4 Pseudocyclic Iodine(III) Benziodoxole Tosylates5 Iodine(V) Benziodoxole Derived Tosylates6 Iodine(V) Benziodoxole Derived Triflate (IBX-ditriflate)7 Conclusions
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor V. Zhdankin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth
| | - Mekhman S. Yusubov
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University
| | - Pavel Postnikov
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University
| | - Akira Yoshimura
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University
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