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Leung VMY, Pook CM, Chan TC, Yeung YY. Trialkylphosphonium Oxoborate as C(sp 3 )-H Oxyanion Hole Catalyst for Diels-Alder Reaction. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202300981. [PMID: 38116878 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a catalytic protocol for Diels-Alder reaction using trialkylphosphonium oxoborates as oxyanion hole catalysts. The reaction can be operated under ambient conditions. Dienes could easily polymerize under acidic condition. Nonetheless, these acid-sensitive substrates are compatible with the catalytic protocol and the reaction scope covers a wide range of substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Ming-Yau Leung
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun-Man Pook
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tsz-Chun Chan
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying-Yeung Yeung
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
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2
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Leung VMY, Wong HCF, Pook CM, Tse YLS, Yeung YY. Trialkylphosphonium oxoborates as C(sp 3)-H oxyanion holes and their application in catalytic chemoselective acetalization. Chem Sci 2023; 14:12684-12692. [PMID: 38020391 PMCID: PMC10646966 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03081d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of trialkylphosphonium oxoborates (TOB) as catalysts is reported. The site-isolated borate counter anion in a TOB catalyst increases the availability of C(sp3)-H to interact with electron donor substrates. The catalytic protocol is applicable to a wide range of substrates in the acetalization reaction and provides excellent chemoselectivity in the acetalization over thioacetalization in the presence of alcohols and thiols, which is otherwise hard to achieve using typical acid catalysts. Experimental and computational studies revealed that the TOB catalysts have multiple preorganized C(sp3)-Hs that serve as a mimic of oxyanion holes, which can stabilize the oxyanion intermediates via multiple C(sp3)-H non-classical hydrogen bond interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Ming-Yau Leung
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, NT Hong Kong China
| | - Hong-Chai Fabio Wong
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, NT Hong Kong China
| | - Chun-Man Pook
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, NT Hong Kong China
| | - Ying-Lung Steve Tse
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, NT Hong Kong China
| | - Ying-Yeung Yeung
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, NT Hong Kong China
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3
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Metal−free catalysis of the reductive amination of aldehydes using a phosphonium−doped porous aromatic framework. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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Lei S, Pan T, Wang M, Zhang Y. Fe-catalyzed reduction of aldimines with HBpin. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.153949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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5
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Liu Q, Lu Y, Sheng H, Zhang C, Su X, Wang Z, Chen X. Visible‐Light‐Induced Selective Photolysis of Phosphonium Iodide Salts for Monofluoromethylations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yu Lu
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - He Sheng
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Chao‐Shen Zhang
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xiao‐Di Su
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Zhi‐Xiang Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xiang‐Yu Chen
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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6
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Sarkar P, Das S, Pati SK. Investigating Tetrel-Based Neutral Frustrated Lewis Pairs for Hydrogen Activation. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:15180-15189. [PMID: 34590831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tetrel Lewis acids are a prospective alternative to commonly employed neutral boranes in frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) chemistry. While cationic tetrylium Lewis acids, being isolobal and iso(valence)electronic, are a natural replacement to boranes, neutral tetrel Lewis acids allude as less trivial options due to the absence of a formally empty p orbital on the acceptor atom. Recently, a series of intramolecular geminal FLPs (C2F5)3E-CH2-P(tBu)2 (E = Si, Ge, Sn) featuring neutral tetrel atoms as acceptor sites has been reported for activation of small molecules including H2. In this work, through density functional theory computations, we elucidate the general mechanistic picture of H2 activation by this family of FLPs. Our findings reveal that the acceptor atom derives the required Lewis acidity utilizing the antibonding orbitals of its adjacent bonds with the individual contributions depending on the identity of the acceptor and the donor atoms. By varying the identity of the Lewis acid and Lewis base sites and attached substituents, we unravel their interplay on the energetics of the H2 activation. We find that switching the donor site from P to N significantly affects the synchronous nature of the bond breaking/formations along the reaction pathway, and as a result, N-bearing FLPs have a more favorable H2 activation profile than those with P. Our results are quantitatively discussed in detail within the framework of the activation-strain model of reactivity along with the energy-decomposition analysis method. Finally, the reductive elimination decomposition route pertinent to the plausible extension of the H2 activation to catalytic hydrogenation by these FLPs is also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Sarkar
- Theoretical Sciences Unit, School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Shubhajit Das
- Theoretical Sciences Unit, School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Swapan K Pati
- Theoretical Sciences Unit, School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
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7
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Liu Q, Lu Y, Sheng H, Zhang CS, Su XD, Wang ZX, Chen XY. Visible-Light-Induced Selective Photolysis of Phosphonium Iodide Salts for Monofluoromethylations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:25477-25484. [PMID: 34490742 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The sigma (σ)-hole effect has emerged as a promising tool to construct novel architectures endowed with new properties. A simple yet effective strategy for the generation of monofluoromethyl radicals is a continuing challenge within the synthetic community. Fluoromethylphosphonium salts are easily available, air- and thermally stable, as well as simple-to-handle. Herein, we report the ability of the σ-hole effect to facilitate the visible-light-triggered photolysis of phosphonium iodide salts, a charge-transfer complex, selectively giving fluoromethyl radicals. The usefulness and versatility of this new protocol are demonstrated through the mono-, di-, and trifluoromethylation of a variety of alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yu Lu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - He Sheng
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chao-Shen Zhang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Di Su
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Chen
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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8
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Hong H, Zou Z, Liang G, Pu S, Hu J, Chen L, Zhu Z, Li Y, Huang Y. Direct electrochemical reductive amination between aldehydes and amines with a H/D-donor solvent. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:5832-5837. [PMID: 32700716 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01163k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A novel electrochemical synthesis protocol has been achieved for reductive amination between aldehydes and amines in undivided cells at room temperature. Under metal-free and external-reductant-free electrolysis conditions, various important secondary amine products are obtained in moderate-to-high yields. Deuterium-labeling experiments have demonstrated that low-toxicity DMSO acts both as a solvent and a H-donor in the reaction. On this basis, various deuterium-labeled products with good-to-excellent D-incorporation have been synthesized by using DMSO-d6 as a solvent. Furthermore, a molecule with GR-antagonistic activity has been synthesized through further sulfonylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanliang Hong
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China.
| | - Zirong Zou
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China.
| | - Gen Liang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China.
| | - Suyun Pu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China.
| | - Jinhui Hu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China.
| | - Lu Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China.
| | - Zhongzhi Zhu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China.
| | - Yibiao Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China.
| | - Yubing Huang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China.
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9
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Sapsford JS, Csókás D, Scott DJ, Turnell-Ritson RC, Piascik AD, Pápai I, Ashley AE. Establishing the Role of Triflate Anions in H 2 Activation by a Cationic Triorganotin(IV) Lewis Acid. ACS Catal 2020; 10:7573-7583. [PMID: 32905389 PMCID: PMC7469243 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Cationic
Lewis acids (LAs) are gaining interest as targets for
frustrated Lewis pair (FLP)-mediated catalysis. Unlike neutral boranes,
which are the most prevalent LAs for FLP hydrogenations, the Lewis
acidity of cations can be tuned through modulation of the counteranion;
however, detailed studies on such anion effects are currently lacking
in the literature. Herein, we present experimental and computational
studies which probe the mechanism of H2 activation using iPr3SnOTf (1-OTf) in conjunction
with a coordinating (quinuclidine; qui) and noncoordinating (2,4,6-collidine;
col) base and compare its reactivity with {iPr3Sn·base}{Al[OC(CF3)3]4} (base = qui/col) systems which lack a coordinating anion to investigate
the active species responsible for H2 activation and hence
resolve any mechanistic roles for OTf– in the iPr3SnOTf-mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S. Sapsford
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College, White City Campus, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Dániel Csókás
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Daniel J. Scott
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, Regensburg 93051, Germany
| | - Roland C. Turnell-Ritson
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College, White City Campus, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Adam D. Piascik
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College, White City Campus, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Imre Pápai
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Andrew E. Ashley
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College, White City Campus, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
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10
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Nakamura T, Okuno K, Nishiyori R, Shirakawa S. Hydrogen‐Bonding Catalysis of Alkyl‐Onium Salts. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:463-472. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Nakamura
- Department of Environmental ScienceGraduate School of Fisheries and Environmental SciencesNagasaki University 1-14 Bunkyo-machi Nagasaki 852-8521 Japan
| | - Ken Okuno
- Department of Environmental ScienceGraduate School of Fisheries and Environmental SciencesNagasaki University 1-14 Bunkyo-machi Nagasaki 852-8521 Japan
| | - Ryuichi Nishiyori
- Department of Environmental ScienceGraduate School of Fisheries and Environmental SciencesNagasaki University 1-14 Bunkyo-machi Nagasaki 852-8521 Japan
| | - Seiji Shirakawa
- Department of Environmental ScienceGraduate School of Fisheries and Environmental SciencesNagasaki University 1-14 Bunkyo-machi Nagasaki 852-8521 Japan
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11
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Gilhula JC, Radosevich AT. Tetragonal phosphorus(v) cations as tunable and robust catalytic Lewis acids. Chem Sci 2019; 10:7177-7182. [PMID: 31588285 PMCID: PMC6685354 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02463h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and catalytic reactivity of a class of water-tolerant cationic phosphorus-based Lewis acids is reported.
The synthesis and catalytic reactivity of a class of water-tolerant cationic phosphorus-based Lewis acids is reported. Corrole-based phosphorus(v) cations of the type [ArP(cor)][B(C6F5)4] (Ar = C6H5, 3,5-(CF3)2C6H3; cor = 5,10,15-(C6H5)3corrolato3–, 5,10,15-(C6F5)3corrolato3–) were synthesized and characterized by NMR and X-ray diffraction. The visible electronic absorption spectra of these cationic phosphacorroles depend strongly on the coordination environment at phosphorus, and their Lewis acidities are quantified by spectrophotometric titrations. DFT analyses establish that the character of the P-acceptor orbital comprises P–N antibonding interactions in the basal plane of the phosphacorrole. Consequently, the cationic phosphacorroles display unprecedented stability to water and alcohols while remaining highly active and robust Lewis acid catalysts for carbonyl hydrosilylation, Csp3–H bond functionalization, and carbohydrate deoxygenation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Gilhula
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , MA 02139 , USA .
| | - Alexander T Radosevich
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , MA 02139 , USA .
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12
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Andrews RJ, Chitnis SS, Stephan DW. Carbonyl and olefin hydrosilylation mediated by an air-stable phosphorus(iii) dication under mild conditions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:5599-5602. [PMID: 31020971 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc02460c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The readily-accessible, air-stable Lewis acid [(terpy)PPh][B(C6F5)4]21 is shown to mediate the hydrosilylation of aldehydes, ketones, and olefins. The utility and mechanism of these hydrosilylations are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Andrews
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada.
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