1
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Anderson LR, Hunter AP, Kershaw MJ, Bylikin SY, Bowen J, Taylor PG, Birchall MA, Mehrban N. "Clicking" trimeric peptides onto hybrid T 8POSS nanocages and identifying synthesis limitations. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 39028306 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01685h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Macromolecule branching upon polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) via "click" chemistry has previously been reported for promoting natural biological responses in vitro, particularly when regarding their demonstrated biocompatibility and structural robustness as potential macromolecule anchoring points. However, "clicking" of large molecules around POSS structures uncovers two main challenges: (1) a synthetic challenge encompassing multi-covalent attachment of macromolecules to a single nanoscale-central position, and (2) purification and separation of fully adorned nanocages from those that are incomplete due to their similar physical characteristics. Here we present peptide decoration to a T8POSS nanocage through the attachment of azido-modified trimers. Triglycine- and trialanine-methyl esters "clicked" to 97% and 92% completion, respectively, resulting in 84% and 68% yields of the fully-adorned octamers. The "clicks" halt within 27-h of the reaction time, and efforts to further increase the octamer yield were of negligible benefit. Exploration of reaction conditions reveals multiple factors preventing full octa-arm modification to all available POSS nanocages, and offers insights into macromolecule attachment between both peptides and small inorganic-organic structures, all of which require consideration for future work of this nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis R Anderson
- University College London, Ear Institute, 332 Grays Inn Rd, London WC1X 8EE, UK
- University of Bath, Department of Life Sciences, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AX, UK.
| | - Ann P Hunter
- NMSF, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Matthew J Kershaw
- The Open University, School of Life, Health & Chemical Sciences, Walton Hall, Kents Hill, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Sergey Y Bylikin
- The Open University, School of Life, Health & Chemical Sciences, Walton Hall, Kents Hill, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK
| | - James Bowen
- The Open University, School of Engineering & Innovation, Walton Hall, Kents Hill, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Peter G Taylor
- The Open University, School of Life, Health & Chemical Sciences, Walton Hall, Kents Hill, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Martin A Birchall
- University College London, Ear Institute, 332 Grays Inn Rd, London WC1X 8EE, UK
| | - Nazia Mehrban
- University of Bath, Department of Life Sciences, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AX, UK.
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2
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Scaringi S, Leforestier B, Mazet C. Remote Functionalization by Pd-Catalyzed Isomerization of Alkynyl Alcohols. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:18606-18615. [PMID: 38941513 PMCID: PMC11240579 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, progress has been made in the development of catalytic methods that allow remote functionalizations based on alkene isomerization. In contrast, protocols based on alkyne isomerization are comparatively rare. Herein, we report a general Pd-catalyzed long-range isomerization of alkynyl alcohols. Starting from aryl-, heteroaryl-, or alkyl-substituted precursors, the optimized system provides access preferentially to the thermodynamically more stable α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and is compatible with potentially sensitive functional groups. We showed that the migration of both π-components of the carbon-carbon triple bond can be sustained over several methylene units. Computational investigations served to shed light on the key elementary steps responsible for the reactivity and selectivity. These include an unorthodox phosphine-assisted deprotonation rather than a more conventional β-hydride elimination in the final tautomerization event.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Clément Mazet
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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3
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Zhang L, Zhu Y, Li P, Yang P, Tang B. Nickel-Catalyzed Chemo- and Enantioselective Hydrogenation and Deuteration of α,β-Unsaturated Ketimines Using Alcohols: Synthesis of Deuterated Chiral Allylic Amines. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 38014913 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
A nickel-catalyzed chemoselective asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated ketimines using ethanol as a hydrogen donor under mild conditions that avoid using high-pressure hydrogen gas was developed. With this catalyst, C1-selective deuterated chiral allylic amines were efficiently synthesized using only stoichiometric 2-propanol-d8. Mechanism studies demonstrated the formation of a nickel hydride intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Yuting Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
- State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China
| | - Bo Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
- Laoshan Laboratory, 168 Wenhai Middle Rd, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
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4
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Tang MQ, Yang ZJ, He ZT. Asymmetric formal sp 2-hydrocarbonations of dienes and alkynes via palladium hydride catalysis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6303. [PMID: 37813855 PMCID: PMC10562392 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42160-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed asymmetric hydrofunctionalizations of unsaturated bonds via π-ƞ3 substitution have emerged as a reliable method to construct stereogenic centers, and mainly rely on the use of heteroatom-based or carbon nucleophiles bearing acidic C-H bonds. In comparison, sp2 carbon nucleophiles are generally not under consideration because of enormous challenges in cleaving corresponding inert sp2 C-H bonds. Here, we report a protocol to achieve asymmetric formal sp2 hydrocarbonations, including hydroalkenylation, hydroallenylation and hydroketenimination of both 1,3-dienes and alkynes via hydroalkylation and Wittig reaction cascade. A series of unachievable motifs via hydrofunctionalizations, such as di-, tri- and tetra-substituted alkenes, di-, tri- and tetra-substituted allenes, and tri-substituted ketenimines in allyl skeletons are all facilely constructed in high regio-, diastereo- and enantioselectivities with this cascade design. Stereodivergent synthesis of all four stereoisomers of 1,4-diene bearing a stereocenter and Z/E-controllable olefin unit highlights the power of present protocol. An interesting mechanistic feature is revealed that alkyne actually undergoes hydrocarbonation via the formation of conjugated diene intermediate, different from conventional viewpoint that the hydrofunctionalization of alkynes only involves allene species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Qiao Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zi-Jiang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhi-Tao He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
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Andrés JL, Suárez E, Martín M, Sola E. Mechanistic Versatility at Ir(PSiP) Pincer Catalysts: Triflate Proton Shuttling from 2-Butyne to Diene and [3]Dendralene Motifs. Organometallics 2022; 41:2622-2630. [PMID: 36185395 PMCID: PMC9518705 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The five-coordinate
hydrido complex [IrH(OTf)(PSiP)]
(1) catalytically transforms 2-butyne into a mixture
of its isomer
1,3-butadiene, and [3]dendralene and linear hexatriene dimerization
products: (E)-4-methyl-3-methylene-1,4-hexadiene
and (3Z)-3,4-dimethyl-1,3,5-hexatriene, respectively.
Under the conditions of the catalytic reaction, benzene, and 363 K,
the hexatriene further undergoes thermal electrocyclization into 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene.
The reactions between 1 and the alkyne substrate allow
isolation or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) observation of catalyst
resting states and possible reaction intermediates, including complexes
with the former PSiP pincer ligands disassembled into PSi and PC chelates,
and species coordinating allyl or carbene fragments en route to products.
The density functional theory (DFT) calculations guided by these experimental
observations disclose competing mechanisms for C–H bond elaboration
that move H atoms either classically, as hydrides, or as protons transported
by the triflate. This latter role of triflate, previously recognized
only for more basic anions such as carboxylates, is discussed to result
from combining the unfavorable charge separation in the nonpolar solvent
and the low electronic demand from the metal to the anion at coordination
positions trans to silicon. Triflate deprotonation of methyl groups
is key to release highly coordinating diene products from stable allyl
intermediates, thus enabling catalytic cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L. Andrés
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC − Universidad de Zaragoza, Facultad de Ciencias, E50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Elizabeth Suárez
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC − Universidad de Zaragoza, Facultad de Ciencias, E50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marta Martín
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC − Universidad de Zaragoza, Facultad de Ciencias, E50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Eduardo Sola
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC − Universidad de Zaragoza, Facultad de Ciencias, E50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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6
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Cera G, Maestri G. Palladium/Brønsted Acid Catalysis for Hydrofunctionalizations of Alkynes: from Tsuji‐Trost Allylations to Stereoselective Methodologies. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gianpiero Cera
- Universita degli Studi di Parma Dipartimento delle Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale Parco Area delle Scienze, 17/A 43124 Parma ITALY
| | - Giovanni Maestri
- University of Parma: Universita degli Studi di Parma Dipartimento delle Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale Parco Area delle Scienze, 17/A 43124 Parma ITALY
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7
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Kim YB, Kim D, Dighe SU, Chang S, Park JW. Cobalt-Hydride-Catalyzed Hydrosilylation of 3-Alkynes Accompanying π-Bond Migration. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c05424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeong Bum Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalization, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Dongwook Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalization, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Shashikant U. Dighe
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalization, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sukbok Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalization, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Jung-Woo Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalization, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
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Soengas RG, Rodríguez-Solla H. Modern Synthetic Methods for the Stereoselective Construction of 1,3-Dienes. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020249. [PMID: 33418882 PMCID: PMC7825119 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The 1,3-butadiene motif is widely found in many natural products and drug candidates with relevant biological activities. Moreover, dienes are important targets for synthetic chemists, due to their ability to give access to a wide range of functional group transformations, including a broad range of C-C bond-forming processes. Therefore, the stereoselective preparation of dienes have attracted much attention over the past decades, and the search for new synthetic protocols continues unabated. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the diverse methodologies that have emerged in the last decade, with a focus on the synthetic processes that meet the requirements of efficiency and sustainability of modern organic chemistry.
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9
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Chiurchiù E, Xhafa S, Ballini R, Maestri G, Protti S, Palmieri A. Diastereoselective Isomerization of (
E
)‐β‐Nitroenones into β‐Nitro‐β,γ‐Unsaturated Ketones under Microwave Conditions. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Chiurchiù
- Green Chemistry Group - School of Science and Technology Chemistry Division University of Camerino Via S. Agostino 1 62032 Camerino
| | - Sonila Xhafa
- Green Chemistry Group - School of Science and Technology Chemistry Division University of Camerino Via S. Agostino 1 62032 Camerino
| | - Roberto Ballini
- Green Chemistry Group - School of Science and Technology Chemistry Division University of Camerino Via S. Agostino 1 62032 Camerino
| | - Giovanni Maestri
- University of Parma Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Stefano Protti
- PhotoGreenLab Department of Chemistry University of Pavia Viale Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Alessandro Palmieri
- Green Chemistry Group - School of Science and Technology Chemistry Division University of Camerino Via S. Agostino 1 62032 Camerino
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10
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Cera G, Della Ca' N, Maestri G. Palladium(0)/benzoic acid catalysis merges sequences with D 2O-promoted labelling of C-H bonds. Chem Sci 2019; 10:10297-10304. [PMID: 32110316 PMCID: PMC6979390 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03682b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of a Pd(0) complex with benzoic acid in the presence of D2O enables the synthesis of valuable families of highly deuterated organics through elaborate sequential reactions. The catalytic system can convert 2-butyne fragments into the corresponding d-dienamides, which can then readily deliver labeled polycyclic quinone motifs. Propargylated tryptamines lead to formation of highly enriched tetrahydrocarbolines through the C-H activation of their unprotected indole ring. Mechanistic studies reveal the ordered series of events that regulate the outcome of these complex reactions, which include multiple, sequential and selective H/D scrambling from the cheapest and safest deuterium source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianpiero Cera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale , Università di Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A , 43124 Parma , Italy .
| | - Nicola Della Ca'
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale , Università di Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A , 43124 Parma , Italy .
| | - Giovanni Maestri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale , Università di Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A , 43124 Parma , Italy .
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Lin L, Zeng X, Xu B. Synthesis of Z-Enamides through Heterogeneous Gold-Catalyzed Stereoselective Hydrogenation of Ynamides. J Org Chem 2019; 84:11240-11246. [PMID: 31385517 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A facile synthesis of Z-enamides via heterogeneous Au/TiO2 catalyzed stereoselective hydrogenation of ynamides has been developed. Easy to handle and inexpensive ammonium formate was used as the hydrogen source, and Z-enamides were formed in a highly stereoselective manner. The commercially available gold nanoparticle catalyst could be recycled multiple times without a significant loss of activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Lin
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology , Donghua University , Shanghai 201620 , China
| | - Xiaojun Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology , Donghua University , Shanghai 201620 , China
| | - Bo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology , Donghua University , Shanghai 201620 , China
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12
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Azizollahi H, Mehta VP, García-López JA. Pd-catalyzed cascade reactions involving skipped dienes: from double carbopalladation to remote C-C cleavage. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:10281-10284. [PMID: 31396607 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc04817k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report two ligand-controlled cascade reactions relying on the intramolecular carbopalladation of skipped dienes. The use of a bulky monodentate phosphine ligand affords [4,5]-spirocycles via sequential double carbopalladation, however bidentate phosphines promote a remote β-C-elimination process which does not rely on the use of strained or sterically hindered substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Azizollahi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 91775-1436, Mashhad, Iran
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