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Zheng J, Wang R, Wang Y. New concepts drive the development of delivery tools for sustainable treatment of diabetic complications. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116206. [PMID: 38278022 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic complications, especially diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy and painful diabetic neuropathy, account for a large portion of patients with diabetes and display rising global prevalence. They are the leading causes of blindness, kidney failure and hypersensitivity to pain caused by diabetes. Current approved therapeutics against the diabetic complications are few and exhibit limited efficacy. The enhanced cell-specificity, stability, biocompatibility, and loading capacity of drugs are essential for the mitigation of diabetic complications. In the article, we have critically discussed the recent studies over the past two years in material sciences and biochemistry. The insightful concepts in these studies drive the development of novel nanoparticles and mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles to meet the need for treatment of diabetic complications. Their underlying biochemical principles, advantages and limitations have been in-depth analyzed. The nanoparticles discussed in the article include double-headed nanodelivery system, nanozyme, ESC-HCM-B system, soft polymer nanostars, tetrahedral DNA nanostructures and hydrogels. They ameliorate the diabetic complication through attenuation of inflammation, apoptosis and restoration of metabolic homeostasis. Moreover, mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles efficiently deliver therapeutic proteins to the retinal cells to suppress the angiogenesis, inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress to reverse diabetic retinopathy. Collectively, we provide a critical discussion on the concept, mechanism and therapeutic applicability of new delivery tools to treat these three devastating diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Zheng
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ru Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, China.
| | - Yibing Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, China.
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Ganugula R, Arora M, Dwivedi S, Chandrashekar DS, Varambally S, Scott EM, Kumar MNVR. Systemic Anti-Inflammatory Therapy Aided by Curcumin-Laden Double-Headed Nanoparticles Combined with Injectable Long-Acting Insulin in a Rodent Model of Diabetes Eye Disease. ACS NANO 2023; 17:6857-6874. [PMID: 36951721 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic interventions that counter emerging targets in diabetes eye diseases are lacking. We hypothesize that a combination therapy targeting inflammation and hyperglycemia can prevent diabetic eye diseases. Here, we report a multipronged approach to prevent diabetic cataracts and retinopathy by combining orally bioavailable curcumin-laden double-headed (two molecules of gambogic acid conjugated to terminal carboxyl groups of poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide)) nanoparticles and injectable basal insulin. The combination treatment led to a significant delay in the progression of diabetic cataracts and retinopathy, improving liver function and peripheral glucose homeostasis. We found a concurrent reduction in lens aggregate protein, AGEs, and increased mitochondrial ATP production. Importantly, inhibition of Piezo1 protected against hyperglycemia-induced retinal vascular damage suggesting possible involvement of Piezo1 in the regulation of retinal phototransduction. Histologic evaluation of murine small intestines revealed that chronic administration of curcumin-laden double-headed nanoparticles was well tolerated, circumventing the fear of nanoparticle toxicity. These findings establish the potential of anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperglycemic combination therapy for the prevention of diabetic cataracts and retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ganugula
- The Center for Convergent Bioscience and Medicine (CCBM), The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
- Bioscience and Medicine Initiative, College of Community Health Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, SEC 1325, Box 870344, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
- Alabama Life Research Institute, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - M Arora
- The Center for Convergent Bioscience and Medicine (CCBM), The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
- Bioscience and Medicine Initiative, College of Community Health Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, SEC 1325, Box 870344, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
- Alabama Life Research Institute, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - S Dwivedi
- The Center for Convergent Bioscience and Medicine (CCBM), The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
- Bioscience and Medicine Initiative, College of Community Health Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - D S Chandrashekar
- Genomic Diagnostics and Bioinformatics, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, United States
| | - S Varambally
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, United States
| | - E M Scott
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, 930 Campus Road, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - M N V Ravi Kumar
- The Center for Convergent Bioscience and Medicine (CCBM), The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
- Bioscience and Medicine Initiative, College of Community Health Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, SEC 1325, Box 870344, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
- Alabama Life Research Institute, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Alabama, SEC 3448, Box 870203, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
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Ganugula R, Nuthalapati NK, Dwivedi S, Zou D, Arora M, Friend R, Sheikh-Hamad D, Basu R, Kumar MNVR. Nanocurcumin combined with insulin alleviates diabetic kidney disease through P38/P53 signaling axis. J Control Release 2023; 353:621-633. [PMID: 36503070 PMCID: PMC9904426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Treatments for diabetic kidney disease (DKD) mainly focus on managing hyperglycemia and hypertension, but emerging evidence suggests that inflammation also plays a role in the pathogenesis of DKD. This 10-week study evaluated the efficacy of daily oral nanoparticulate-curcumin (nCUR) together with long-acting insulin (INS) to treat DKD in a rodent model. Diabetic rats were dosed with unformulated CUR alone, nCUR alone or together with INS, or INS alone. The progression of diabetes was reflected by increases in plasma fructosamine, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, bilirubin, ALP, and decrease in albumin and globulins. These aberrancies were remedied by nCUR+INS or INS but not by CUR or nCUR. Kidney histopathological results revealed additional abnormalities characteristic of DKD, such as basement membrane thickening, tubular atrophy, and podocyte cytoskeletal impairment. nCUR and nCUR+INS mitigated these lesions, while CUR and INS alone were far less effective, if not ineffective. To elucidate how our treatments modulated inflammatory signaling in the liver and kidney, we identified hyperactivation of P38 (MAPK) and P53 with INS and CUR, whereas nCUR and nCUR+INS deactivated both targets. Similarly, the latter interventions led to significant downregulation of renal NLRP3, IL-1β, NF-ĸB, Casp3, and MAPK8 mRNA, indicating a normalization of inflammasome and apoptotic pathways. Thus, we show therapies that reduce both hyperglycemia and inflammation may offer better management of diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghu Ganugula
- The Center for Convergent Bioscience and Medicine (CCBM), The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA; College of Community Health Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA; Alabama Life Research Institute, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Nikhil K Nuthalapati
- The Center for Convergent Bioscience and Medicine (CCBM), The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA; College of Community Health Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Subhash Dwivedi
- The Center for Convergent Bioscience and Medicine (CCBM), The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA; College of Community Health Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Dianxiong Zou
- The Center for Convergent Bioscience and Medicine (CCBM), The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA; College of Community Health Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Meenakshi Arora
- The Center for Convergent Bioscience and Medicine (CCBM), The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA; College of Community Health Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA; Alabama Life Research Institute, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Richard Friend
- College of Community Health Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - David Sheikh-Hamad
- Division of Nephrology and Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E. Debakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rita Basu
- Division of Endocrinology, Center of Diabetes Technology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - M N V Ravi Kumar
- The Center for Convergent Bioscience and Medicine (CCBM), The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA; College of Community Health Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA; Alabama Life Research Institute, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA; Nephrology Research and Training Center, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Dwivedi S, Gottipati A, Ganugula R, Arora M, Friend R, Osburne R, Rodrigues-Hoffman A, Basu R, Pan HL, Kumar MNVR. Oral Nanocurcumin Alone or in Combination with Insulin Alleviates STZ-Induced Diabetic Neuropathy in Rats. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:4612-4624. [PMID: 36106748 PMCID: PMC9972482 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM), a multifaceted metabolic disorder if not managed properly leads to secondary complications. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one such complication caused by nerve damage that cannot be reversed but can be delayed. Recently, diabetes patients are using dietary supplements, although there remains a general skepticism about this practice. Curcumin (CUR), one such supplement can help prevent underlying low-grade inflammation in diabetes, but it is plagued by poor oral bioavailability. To better understand the role of bioavailability in clinical outcomes, we have tested double-headed nanosystems containing curcumin (nCUR) on DPN. Because CUR does not influence glucose levels, we have also tested the effects of nCUR combined with long-acting subcutaneous insulin (INS). nCUR with or without INS alleviates DPN at two times lower dose than unformulated CUR, as indicated by qualitative and quantitative analysis of the hind paw, sciatic nerve, spleen, and L4-6 spinal cord. In addition, nCUR and nCUR+INS preserve hind paw nerve axons as evident by the Bielschowsky silver stain and intraepidermal nerve fibers (IENF) density measured by immunofluorescence. The mechanistic studies further corroborated the results, where nCUR or nCUR+INS showed a significant decrease in TUNEL positive cells, mRNA expression of NLRP3, IL-1β, and macrophage infiltration while preserving nestin and NF200 expression in the sciatic nerve. Together, the data confirms that CUR bioavailability is proportional to clinical outcomes and INS alone may not be one of the solutions for DM. This study highlights the potential of nCUR with or without INS in alleviating DPN and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash Dwivedi
- College of Community Health Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama35487-0166, United States
- The Center for Convergent Bioscience and Medicine (CCBM), The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama35487-0166, United States
- Alabama Life Research Institute, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama35487-0166, United States
| | - Anuhya Gottipati
- College of Community Health Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama35487-0166, United States
- The Center for Convergent Bioscience and Medicine (CCBM), The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama35487-0166, United States
- Alabama Life Research Institute, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama35487-0166, United States
| | - Raghu Ganugula
- College of Community Health Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama35487-0166, United States
- The Center for Convergent Bioscience and Medicine (CCBM), The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama35487-0166, United States
- Alabama Life Research Institute, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama35487-0166, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama35487-0166, United States
| | - Meenakshi Arora
- College of Community Health Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama35487-0166, United States
- The Center for Convergent Bioscience and Medicine (CCBM), The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama35487-0166, United States
- Alabama Life Research Institute, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama35487-0166, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama35487-0166, United States
| | - Richard Friend
- College of Community Health Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama35487-0166, United States
| | - Robert Osburne
- College of Community Health Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama35487-0166, United States
| | - Aline Rodrigues-Hoffman
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic & Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, Florida32611-7011, United States
| | - Rita Basu
- Division of Endocrinology, Center of Diabetes Technology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia22908, United States
| | - Hui-Lin Pan
- Center for Neuroscience and Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas77030, United States
| | - M N V Ravi Kumar
- College of Community Health Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama35487-0166, United States
- The Center for Convergent Bioscience and Medicine (CCBM), The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama35487-0166, United States
- Alabama Life Research Institute, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama35487-0166, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama35487-0166, United States
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama35487-0166, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas77843, United States
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama35401, United States
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama35401, United States
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5
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Nanoparticles that do not compete with endogenous ligands - Molecular characterization in vitro, acute safety in canine, and interspecies pharmacokinetics modeling to humans. J Control Release 2021; 332:64-73. [PMID: 33600881 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A vast majority, if not all of the receptor-mediated drug delivery systems utilize nanoparticles that are conjugated to physiological mimic ligands, with testing restricted to in vitro and rodent models. In this report, we present for the first time, a full spectrum characterization of transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1)-targeted polymeric nanoparticles (abbreviated, P2Ns-GA) that do not compete with endogenous transferrin, and serve as a versatile platform for oral drug delivery. Based on endocytosis inhibitors and receptor knockdown, the cellular uptake of P2Ns-GA is clathrin-mediated and dependent on TfR1 expression, but other trafficking mechanisms, particularly those involving caveolae/lipid rafts, can also play a role. The utility of P2Ns-GA in promoting the oral bioavailability of encapsulated compounds is demonstrated with a hydrophobic polyphenol, urolithin A (UA). When compared against plain UA or UA in ligand-free nanoparticles, UA-loaded P2Ns-GA led to markedly higher plasma concentrations among healthy canines, with no adverse health effects observed after oral dosing. Finally, a semi-mechanistic pharmacokinetic model was developed using both rat and dog datasets to quantitatively evaluate the effect of P2Ns-GA on oral bioavailability of UA. The model was allometrically scaled to humans to simulate clinical pharmacokinetics of plain UA and UA-loaded P2Ns-GA following oral administration.
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Ganugula R, Arora M, Lepiz MA, Niu Y, Mallick BK, Pflugfelder SC, Scott EM, Kumar MNVR. Systemic anti-inflammatory therapy aided by double-headed nanoparticles in a canine model of acute intraocular inflammation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabb7878. [PMID: 32923645 PMCID: PMC7449680 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb7878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Novel approaches circumventing blood-ocular barriers in systemic drug delivery are lacking. We hypothesize receptor-mediated delivery of curcumin (CUR) across intestinal and ocular barriers leads to decreased inflammation in a model of lens-induced uveitis. CUR was encapsulated in double-headed polyester nanoparticles using gambogic acid (GA)-coupled polylactide-co-glycolide (PLGA). Orally administered PLGA-GA2-CUR led to notable aqueous humor CUR levels and was dosed (10 mg/kg twice daily) to adult male beagles (n = 8 eyes) with induced ocular inflammation. Eyes were evaluated using a semiquantitative preclinical ocular toxicology scoring (SPOTS) and compared to commercial anti-inflammatory treatment (oral carprofen 2.2 mg/kg twice daily) (n = 8) and untreated controls (n = 8). PLGA-GA2-CUR offered improved protection compared with untreated controls and similar protection compared with carprofen, with reduced aqueous flare, miosis, and chemosis in the acute phase (<4 hours). This study highlights the potential of PLGA-GA2 nanoparticles for systemic drug delivery across ocular barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Ganugula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Reynolds Medical Building, Texas A&M University, Mailstop 1114, College Station, TX, USA
- Corresponding author. (M.N.V.R.K.); (E.M.S.); (R.G.)
| | - M. Arora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Reynolds Medical Building, Texas A&M University, Mailstop 1114, College Station, TX, USA
| | - M. A. Lepiz
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Y. Niu
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - B. K. Mallick
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - S. C. Pflugfelder
- Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - E. M. Scott
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Corresponding author. (M.N.V.R.K.); (E.M.S.); (R.G.)
| | - M. N. V. Ravi Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Reynolds Medical Building, Texas A&M University, Mailstop 1114, College Station, TX, USA
- Corresponding author. (M.N.V.R.K.); (E.M.S.); (R.G.)
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Kaur G, Arora M, Ravi Kumar MNV. Oral Drug Delivery Technologies-A Decade of Developments. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 370:529-543. [PMID: 31010845 PMCID: PMC6806634 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.255828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced drug delivery technologies, in general, enable drug reformulation and administration routes, together contributing to life-cycle management and allowing the innovator to maintain the product monopoly. Over the years, there has been a steady shift from mere life-cycle management to drug repurposing-applying delivery technologies to tackle solubility and permeability issues in early stages or safety and efficacy issues in the late stages of drug discovery processes. While the drug and the disease in question primarily drive the choice of route of administration, the oral route, for its compliance and safety attributes, is the most preferred route, particularly when it comes to chronic conditions, including pain, which is not considered a disease but a symptom of a primary cause. Therefore, the attempt of this review is to take a stock of the advances in oral delivery technologies that are applicable for injectable to oral transformation, improve risk-benefit profiles of existing orals, and apply them in the early discovery program to minimize the drug attrition rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - M Arora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - M N V Ravi Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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Arora M, Ganugula R, Kumar N, Kaur G, Pellois JP, Garg P, Kumar MNVR. Next-Generation Noncompetitive Nanosystems Based on Gambogic Acid: In silico Identification of Transferrin Receptor Binding Sites, Regulatory Shelf Stability, and Their Preliminary Safety in Healthy Rodents. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:3540-3550. [PMID: 31440745 PMCID: PMC6705617 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A major challenge in drug delivery is to enhance the transport of drugs across biological barriers, such as the small intestine, the blood-brain barrier, and the blood-retinal/ocular barrier, and to effectively reach the site of action while minimizing the systemic impact. In recent years, piggybacking cell surface receptors have been considered a viable strategy for active drug delivery across the biological barriers. However, the ligands used to target drugs to plasma membrane receptors often have to compete against endogenous ligands, thereby limiting their binding to the cell surface and their transport across barriers. To address this problem, gambogic acid (GA) was identified as a noncompetitive ligand specific to the transferrin receptor (TfR), a receptor present on various barriers. However, the binding sites of the GA on TfR remain unknown, an essential step toward establishing structure-activity relationships. In silico binding site prediction tools, blind docking, and molecular docking simulation confirm that the GA binding site on the TfR is independent of the transferrin-bound iron binding sites. The GA-conjugated polyesters were processed into nanoparticles suitable for drug delivery applications that possess excellent storage stability under regulatory conditions. Traditionally, GA has been used as an anticancer compound that warrants safety assessment. The preliminary studies in healthy rodents on 10-repeated oral doses show no adverse effects. This work will generate paradigm shifting, new knowledge in the field of nanomedicines using unique noncompetitive nanosystems that do not compete with endogenous transferrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Arora
- † Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Reynolds Medical Building, Texas A&M University, Mail Stop 1114, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - R. Ganugula
- † Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Reynolds Medical Building, Texas A&M University, Mail Stop 1114, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - N. Kumar
- ‡ Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar 160062, Punjab, India
| | - G. Kaur
- † Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Reynolds Medical Building, Texas A&M University, Mail Stop 1114, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - J.-P. Pellois
- § Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, Mail Stop 2128, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - P. Garg
- ‡ Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar 160062, Punjab, India
| | - M. N. V. Ravi Kumar
- † Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Reynolds Medical Building, Texas A&M University, Mail Stop 1114, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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