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Xiu D, Zhao S, Li Z, Xu Y, Wang Y, Zhu Z, Zhang M, Snow CD, Belfiore LA, Tang J. Conditionally designed luminescent DNA crystals doped by Ln 3+(Eu 3+/Tb 3+) complexes or fluorescent proteins with smart drug sensing property. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:6443-6452. [PMID: 35703105 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00847e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a designed porous DNA crystal with high intrinsic biocompatibility was used as the scaffold material to load fluorescent guest molecules to detect anti-cancer drugs. It is shown here that the synthesized crystals have the characteristics consistent with the designed large solvent channels, and can therefore accommodate guest molecules such as fluorescent proteins that cannot be accommodated by less porous crystals. Eu(TTA)3phen and Tb(acac)3phen lanthanide complexes were individually noncovalently loaded into the porous crystals, resulting in hybrid luminescent DNA crystals. Emodin, an anti-cancer, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory drug, was found to quench lanthanide complexes in solution or in crystals. Notably, emodin is the active ingredient of Lianhua Qingwen Capsule, an anti-COVID-19 drug candidate. Therefore, the porous DNA crystals reported here have potential applications as a biocompatible and theranostic delivery biomaterial for functional macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xiu
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Science & Technology Cooperation, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China.
| | - Sibo Zhao
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Science & Technology Cooperation, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China.
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Science & Technology Cooperation, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China.
| | - Yanan Xu
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Science & Technology Cooperation, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China.
| | - Yao Wang
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Science & Technology Cooperation, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China.
| | - Zhijun Zhu
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Science & Technology Cooperation, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China.
| | - Min Zhang
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Science & Technology Cooperation, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China.
| | - Christopher D Snow
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA.
| | - Laurence A Belfiore
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Science & Technology Cooperation, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China. .,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA.
| | - Jianguo Tang
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Science & Technology Cooperation, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China.
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Uchida M, Brunk NE, Hewagama ND, Lee B, Prevelige PE, Jadhao V, Douglas T. Multilayered Ordered Protein Arrays Self-Assembled from a Mixed Population of Virus-like Particles. ACS NANO 2022; 16:7662-7673. [PMID: 35549153 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c11272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biology shows many examples of spatially controlled assembly of cells and biomacromolecules into hierarchically organized structures, to which many of the complex biological functions are attributed. While such biological structures have inspired the design of synthetic materials, it is still a great challenge to control the spatial arrangement of individual building blocks when assembling multiple types of components into bulk materials. Here, we report self-assembly of multilayered, ordered protein arrays from mixed populations of virus-like particles (VLPs). We systematically tuned the magnitude of the surface charge of the VLPs via mutagenesis to prepare four different types of VLPs for mixing. A mixture of up to four types of VLPs selectively assembled into higher-order structures in the presence of oppositely charged dendrimers during a gradual lowering of the ionic strength of the solution. The assembly resulted in the formation of three-dimensional ordered VLP arrays with up to four distinct layers including a central core, with each layer comprising a single type of VLP. A coarse-grained computational model was developed and simulated using molecular dynamics to probe the formation of the multilayered, core-shell structure. Our findings establish a simple and versatile bottom-up strategy to synthesize multilayered, ordered materials by controlling the spatial arrangement of multiple types of nanoscale building blocks in a one-pot fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Uchida
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Fresno, 2555 E. San Ramon Avenue, Fresno, California 93740, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Nicholas E Brunk
- Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, 700 N. Woodlawn Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, United States
- Wolfram Research, 100 Trade Center Drive, Champaign, Illinois 61820, United States
- VeriSIM Life Inc., 1 Sansome Street, Suite 3500, San Francisco, California 94104, United States
| | - Nathasha D Hewagama
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Byeongdu Lee
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Peter E Prevelige
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Vikram Jadhao
- Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, 700 N. Woodlawn Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, United States
| | - Trevor Douglas
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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Fernández-Penas R, Verdugo-Escamilla C, Martínez-Rodríguez S, Gavira JA. Production of Cross-Linked Lipase Crystals at a Preparative Scale. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2021; 21:1698-1707. [PMID: 34602865 PMCID: PMC8479976 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.0c01608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The autoimmobilization of enzymes via cross-linked enzyme crystals (CLECs) has regained interest in recent years, boosted by the extensive knowledge gained in protein crystallization, the decrease of cost and laboriousness of the process, and the development of potential applications. In this work, we present the crystallization and preparative-scale production of reinforced cross-linked lipase crystals (RCLLCs) using a commercial detergent additive as a raw material. Bulk crystallization was carried out in 500 mL of agarose media using the batch technique. Agarose facilitates the homogeneous production of crystals, their cross-linking treatment, and their extraction. RCLLCs were active in an aqueous solution and in hexane, as shown by the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenol butyrate and α-methylbenzyl acetate, respectively. RCLLCs presented both high thermal and robust operational stability, allowing the preparation of a packed-bed chromatographic column to work in a continuous flow. Finally, we determined the three-dimensional (3D) models of this commercial lipase crystallized with and without phosphate at 2.0 and 1.7 Å resolutions, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Fernández-Penas
- Laboratorio
de Estudios Cristalográficos, Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias
de la Tierra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas-Universidad de Granada, Avenida de las Palmeras 4, Armilla, 18100 Granada, Spain
| | - Cristóbal Verdugo-Escamilla
- Laboratorio
de Estudios Cristalográficos, Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias
de la Tierra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas-Universidad de Granada, Avenida de las Palmeras 4, Armilla, 18100 Granada, Spain
| | - Sergio Martínez-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio
de Estudios Cristalográficos, Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias
de la Tierra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas-Universidad de Granada, Avenida de las Palmeras 4, Armilla, 18100 Granada, Spain
- Departamento
de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular III e Inmunología, Universidad de Granada, Avenida de la Investigación 11, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - José A. Gavira
- Laboratorio
de Estudios Cristalográficos, Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias
de la Tierra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas-Universidad de Granada, Avenida de las Palmeras 4, Armilla, 18100 Granada, Spain
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Uwada T, Kouno K, Ishikawa M. In Situ Absorption and Fluorescence Microspectroscopy Investigation of the Molecular Incorporation Process into Single Nanoporous Protein Crystals. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:9605-9613. [PMID: 32363313 PMCID: PMC7191835 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Protein crystals exhibit distinct three-dimensional structures, which contain well-ordered nanoporous solvent channels, providing a chemically heterogeneous environment. In this paper, the incorporation of various molecules into the solvent channels of native hen egg-white lysozyme crystals was demonstrated using fluorescent dyes, including acridine yellow G, rhodamine 6G, and eosin Y. The process was evaluated on the basis of absorption and fluorescence microspectroscopy at a single-crystal level. The molecular loading process was clearly visualized as a function of time, and it was determined that the protein crystals could act as nanoporous materials. It was found that the incorporation process is strongly dependent on the molecular charge, leading to heterogeneous molecular aggregation, which suggests host-guest interaction of protein crystals from the viewpoint of nanoporous materials.
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