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Barter M, Smith G, Yang S, Schröder M, Jones MO, Porch A. Simultaneous neutron powder diffraction and microwave characterisation at elevated temperatures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:23602-23609. [PMID: 34652363 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03658k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of simultaneous neutron powder diffraction (NPD) and microwave characterisation can provide more information than the use of either technique individually; for example, it enables the differentiation of physisorbed and metal-coordinated species. Many possible experiments using these combined techniques can benefit from the addition of a heat source for sample heating, such as real-time measurements of solvent removal, or chemical and catalytic reactions. This paper documents the design of equipment to conduct simultaneous NPD and 2.5 GHz microwave cavity resonance techniques at elevated temperatures and confirms the use of this equipment for successful desolvation of a metal-organic framework (MOF) sample at 150 °C. The high sensitivity of microwave characterisation of lossy and polar materials is demonstrated at levels much lower than those that can be detected using crystallographic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Barter
- Centre for High Frequency Engineering, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Wales, UK.
| | - Gemma Smith
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sihai Yang
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Martin Schröder
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Martin Owen Jones
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, UK.,University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, UK
| | - Adrian Porch
- Centre for High Frequency Engineering, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Wales, UK.
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Yoskamtorn T, Zhao P, Wu XP, Purchase K, Orlandi F, Manuel P, Taylor J, Li Y, Day S, Ye L, Tang CC, Zhao Y, Tsang SCE. Responses of Defect-Rich Zr-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks toward NH 3 Adsorption. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:3205-3218. [PMID: 33596070 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c12483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Understanding structural responses of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) to external stimuli such as the inclusion of guest molecules and temperature/pressure has gained increasing attention in many applications, for example, manipulation and manifesto smart materials for gas storage, energy storage, controlled drug delivery, tunable mechanical properties, and molecular sensing, to name but a few. Herein, neutron and synchrotron diffractions along with Rietveld refinement and density functional theory calculations have been used to elucidate the responsive adsorption behaviors of defect-rich Zr-based MOFs upon the progressive incorporation of ammonia (NH3) and variable temperature. UiO-67 and UiO-bpydc containing biphenyl dicarboxylate and bipyridine dicarboxylate linkers, respectively, were selected, and the results establish the paramount influence of the functional linkers on their NH3 affinity, which leads to stimulus-tailoring properties such as gate-controlled porosity by dynamic linker flipping, disorder, and structural rigidity. Despite their structural similarities, we show for the first time the dramatic alteration of NH3 adsorption profiles when the phenyl groups are replaced by the bipyridine in the organic linker. These molecular controls stem from controlling the degree of H-bonding networks/distortions between the bipyridine scaffold and the adsorbed NH3 without significant change in pore volume and unit cell parameters. Temperature-dependent neutron diffraction also reveals the NH3-induced rotational motions of the organic linkers. We also demonstrate that the degree of structural flexibility of the functional linkers can critically be affected by the type and quantity of the small guest molecules. This strikes a delicate control in material properties at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatchamapan Yoskamtorn
- Wolfson Catalysis Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QR, U.K
| | - Pu Zhao
- Wolfson Catalysis Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QR, U.K
| | - Xin-Ping Wu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Centre for Computational Chemistry and Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Kirsty Purchase
- Wolfson Catalysis Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QR, U.K
| | - Fabio Orlandi
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Pascal Manuel
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - James Taylor
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Yiyang Li
- Wolfson Catalysis Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QR, U.K
| | - Sarah Day
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, U.K
| | - Lin Ye
- Wolfson Catalysis Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QR, U.K
| | - Chiu C Tang
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, U.K
| | - Yufei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - S C Edman Tsang
- Wolfson Catalysis Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QR, U.K
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Rivera-Torrente M, Mandemaker LDB, Filez M, Delen G, Seoane B, Meirer F, Weckhuysen BM. Spectroscopy, microscopy, diffraction and scattering of archetypal MOFs: formation, metal sites in catalysis and thin films. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:6694-6732. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00635a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive overview of characterization tools for the analysis of well-known metal–organic frameworks and physico-chemical phenomena associated to their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Rivera-Torrente
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- 3584 CG Utrecht
- The Netherlands
| | - Laurens D. B. Mandemaker
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- 3584 CG Utrecht
- The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Filez
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- 3584 CG Utrecht
- The Netherlands
| | - Guusje Delen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- 3584 CG Utrecht
- The Netherlands
| | - Beatriz Seoane
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- 3584 CG Utrecht
- The Netherlands
| | - Florian Meirer
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- 3584 CG Utrecht
- The Netherlands
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- 3584 CG Utrecht
- The Netherlands
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Luzuriaga MA, Benjamin CE, Gaertner MW, Lee H, Herbert FC, Mallick S, Gassensmith JJ. ZIF-8 Degrades in Cell Media, Serum, and Some-But Not All-Common Laboratory Buffers. Supramol Chem 2019; 31:485-490. [PMID: 31892768 DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2019.1616089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of drug delivery using water stable metal-organic frameworks has elicited a lot of interest in their biocompatibility. However, few studies have been conducted on their stability in common buffers, cell media, and blood proteins. For these studies, single crystal ZIF-8 approximately 1 um in diameter were synthesized, incubated with common laboratory buffers, cell media, and serum, and then characterized by PXRD, IR, DLS, and SEM. Time-resolved SEM and PXRD demonstrate that buffers containing phosphate and bicarbonate alter the appearance and composition of ZIF-8; however, cargo inside the ZIF-8 does not appear to leak out, in most of these buffers, even when the ZIF-8 itself is displaced by phosphates. On the other hand, blood proteins in serum dissolve ZIF-8, causing trapped biomolecules to escape. The study presented here suggests that ZIF-8 can undergo dramatic surface chemistry changes that may affect the interpretation of cellular uptake and cargo release data. On the other hand, it provides a rational explanation as to how ZIF-8 neatly dissolves in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Luzuriaga
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Candace E Benjamin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Michael W Gaertner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Hamilton Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Fabian C Herbert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Snipta Mallick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Jeremiah J Gassensmith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
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