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Freiberger EM, Steffen J, Waleska-Wellnhofer NJ, Hemauer F, Schwaab V, Görling A, Steinrück HP, Papp C. Bromination of 2D materials. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:145703. [PMID: 38048605 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad1201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption, reaction and thermal stability of bromine on Rh(111)-supported hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and graphene were investigated. Synchrotron radiation-based high-resolution x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and temperature-programmed XPS allowed us to follow the adsorption process and the thermal evolutionin situon the molecular scale. Onh-BN/Rh(111), bromine adsorbs exclusively in the pores of the nanomesh while we observe no such selectivity for graphene/Rh(111). Upon heating, bromine undergoes an on-surface reaction onh-BN to form polybromides (170-240 K), which subsequently decompose to bromide (240-640 K). The high thermal stability of Br/h-BN/Rh(111) suggests strong/covalent bonding. Bromine on graphene/Rh(111), on the other hand, reveals no distinct reactivity except for intercalation of small amounts of bromine underneath the 2D layer at high temperatures. In both cases, adsorption is reversible upon heating. Our experiments are supported by a comprehensive theoretical study. DFT calculations were used to describe the nature of theh-BN nanomesh and the graphene moiré in detail and to study the adsorption energetics and substrate interaction of bromine. In addition, the adsorption of bromine onh-BN/Rh(111) was simulated by molecular dynamics using a machine-learning force field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Marie Freiberger
- Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julien Steffen
- Theoretische Chemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Natalie J Waleska-Wellnhofer
- Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Felix Hemauer
- Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Valentin Schwaab
- Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Görling
- Theoretische Chemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Erlangen National High Performance Computing Center (NHR@FAU), Martensstr. 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Papp
- Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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Azpeitia J, Palacio I, Martínez J, Muñoz-Ochando I, Lauwaet K, Mompean F, Ellis G, García-Hernández M, Martín-Gago J, Munuera C, López M. Oxygen intercalation in PVD graphene grown on copper substrates: A decoupling approach. APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE 2020; 529:147100. [PMID: 33154607 PMCID: PMC7116314 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.147100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the intercalation process of oxygen in-between a PVD-grown graphene layer and different copper substrates as a methodology for reducing the substrate-layer interaction. This growth method leads to an extended defect-free graphene layer that strongly couples with the substrate. We have found, by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, that after oxygen exposure at different temperatures, ranging from 280 °C to 550 °C, oxygen intercalates at the interface of graphene grown on Cu foil at an optimal temperature of 500 °C. The low energy electron diffraction technique confirms the adsorption of an atomic oxygen adlayer on top of the Cu surface and below graphene after oxygen exposure at elevated temperature, but no oxidation of the substrate is induced. The emergence of the 2D Raman peak, quenched by the large interaction with the substrate, reveals that the intercalation process induces a structural undoing. As suggested by atomic force microscopy, the oxygen intercalation does not change significantly the surface morphology. Moreover, theoretical simulations provide further insights into the electronic and structural undoing process. This protocol opens the door to an efficient methodology to weaken the graphene-substrate interaction for a more efficient transfer to arbitrary surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Azpeitia
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Cantoblanco ES-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - I. Palacio
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Cantoblanco ES-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - J.I. Martínez
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Cantoblanco ES-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - I. Muñoz-Ochando
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, ES-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - K. Lauwaet
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Cantoblanco ES-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - F.J. Mompean
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Cantoblanco ES-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - G.J. Ellis
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, ES-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. García-Hernández
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Cantoblanco ES-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - J.A. Martín-Gago
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Cantoblanco ES-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - C. Munuera
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Cantoblanco ES-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - M.F. López
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Cantoblanco ES-28049, Madrid, Spain
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Hennighausen Z, Lane C, Benabbas A, Mendez K, Eggenberger M, Champion PM, Robinson JT, Bansil A, Kar S. Oxygen-Induced In Situ Manipulation of the Interlayer Coupling and Exciton Recombination in Bi 2Se 3/MoS 2 2D Heterostructures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:15913-15921. [PMID: 30964277 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b02929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) heterostructures are more than a sum of the parent 2D materials, but are also a product of the interlayer coupling, which can induce new properties. In this paper, we present a method to tune the interlayer coupling in Bi2Se3/MoS2 2D heterostructures by regulating the oxygen presence in the atmosphere, while applying laser or thermal energy. Our data suggest that the interlayer coupling is tuned through the diffusive intercalation and deintercalation of oxygen molecules. When one layer of Bi2Se3 is grown on monolayer MoS2, an influential interlayer coupling is formed, which quenches the signature photoluminescence (PL) peaks. However, thermally treating in the presence of oxygen disrupts the interlayer coupling, facilitating the emergence of the MoS2 PL peak. Our density functional theory calculations predict that intercalated oxygen increases the interlayer separation ∼17%, disrupting the interlayer coupling and inducing the layers to behave more electronically independent. The interlayer coupling can then be restored by thermally treating in N2 or Ar, where the peaks will requench. Hence, this is an interesting oxygen-induced switching between "non-radiative" and "radiative" exciton recombination. This switching can also be accomplished locally, controllably, and reversibly using a low-power focused laser, while changing the environment from pure N2 to air. This allows for the interlayer coupling to be precisely manipulated with submicron spatial resolution, facilitating site-programmable 2D light-emitting pixels whose emission intensity could be precisely varied by a factor exceeding 200×. Our results show that these atomically thin 2D heterostructures may be excellent candidates for oxygen sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jeremy T Robinson
- Naval Research Laboratory , Washington , District of Columbia 20375 , United States
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Romero-Muñiz C, Martín-Recio A, Pou P, Gómez-Rodríguez JM, Pérez R. Substrate-induced enhancement of the chemical reactivity in metal-supported graphene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:19492-19499. [PMID: 29998270 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02827c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Graphene is commonly regarded as an inert material. However, it is well known that the presence of defects or substitutional hetero-atoms confers graphene promising catalytic properties. In this work, we use first-principles calculations to show that it is also possible to enhance the chemical reactivity of a graphene layer by simply growing it on an appropriate substrate. Our comprehensive study demonstrates that, in strongly interacting substrates like Rh(111), graphene adopts highly rippled structures that exhibit areas with distinctive chemical behaviors. According to the local coupling with the substrate, we find areas with markedly different adsorption, dissociation and diffusion pathways for both molecular and atomic oxygen, including a significant change in the nature of the adsorbed molecular and dissociated states, and a dramatic reduction (∼60%) of the O2 dissociation energy barrier with respect to free-standing graphene. Our results show that the graphene-metal interaction represents an additional and powerful handle to tailor the graphene chemical properties with potential applications to nano patterning, graphene functionalization and sensing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Romero-Muñiz
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain.
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