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Huo J, Chen J, Liu P, Hong B, Zhang J, Dong H, Li S. Microscopic Mechanism of Proton Transfer in Pure Water under Ambient Conditions. J Chem Theory Comput 2023. [PMID: 37365994 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Water molecules and the associated proton transfer (PT) are prevalent in chemical and biological systems and have been a hot research topic. Spectroscopic characterization and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations have previously revealed insights into acidic and basic liquids. Presumably, the situation in the acidic/basic solution is not necessarily the same as in pure water; in addition, the autoionization constant for water is only 10-14 under ambient conditions, making the study of PT in pure water challenging. To overcome this issue, we modeled periodic water box systems containing 1000 molecules for tens of nanoseconds based on a neural network potential (NNP) with quantum mechanical accuracy. The NNP was generated by training a dataset containing the energies and atomic forces of 17 075 configurations of periodic water box systems, and these data points were calculated at the MP2 level that considers electron correlation effects. We found that the size of the system and the duration of the simulation have a significant impact on the convergence of the results. With these factors considered, our simulations showed that hydronium (H3O+) and hydroxide (OH-) ions in water have distinct hydration structures, thermodynamic and kinetic properties, e.g., the longer-lasting and more stable hydrated structure of OH- ions than that of H3O+, as well as a significantly higher free energy barrier for the OH--associated PT than that of H3O+, leading the two to exhibit completely different PT behaviors. Given these characteristics, we further found that PT via OH- ions tends not to occur multiple times or between many molecules. In contrast, PT via H3O+ can synergistically occur among multiple molecules and prefers to adopt a cyclic pattern among three water molecules, while it occurs mostly in a chain pattern when more water molecules are involved. Therefore, our studies provide a detailed and solid microscopic explanation for the PT process in pure water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Huo
- Kuang Yaming Honors School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jianghao Chen
- Kuang Yaming Honors School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- School of Physics, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Pei Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Benkun Hong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Physics, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Hao Dong
- Kuang Yaming Honors School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shuhua Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Garofalini SH, Lentz J. Subpicosecond Molecular Rearrangements Affect Local Electric Fields and Auto-Dissociation in Water. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:3392-3401. [PMID: 37036747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c06490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Molecular simulations of auto-dissociation of water molecules in an 81,000 atom bulk water system show that the electric field variations caused by local bond length and angle variations enhance proton transfer within ∼600 fs prior to auto-dissociation. In this paper, auto-dissociation relates to the initial separation of a proton from a water molecule to another, forming the H33O+ and OH- ions. Only transfers for which a proton's initial nearest covalently bonded oxygen remained the same for at least 1 ps prior to the transfer and for which that proton's new nearest acceptor oxygen remained the same for at least 1 ps after the transfer were evaluated. Electric fields from solvent atoms within 6 Å of a transferring proton (H*) are dominant, with little contribution from farther molecules. However, exclusion of the accepting oxygen in such electric field calculations shows that the field on H* from the other solvent atoms weakens as the time to transfer becomes less than 600 fs, indicating the primary importance of the accepting oxygen on enabling auto-dissociation. All resultant OH- and H3O+ ion pairs recombined at times greater than 1 ps after auto-dissociation. A concentration of 8.01 × 1017 cm-3 for these ion pairs was observed. The simulations indicate that transient auto-dissociation in water is more common than that inferred from dc-conductivity experiments (10-5 vs 10-7) and is consistent with the results of calculations that include nuclear quantum effects. The conductivity experiments require the rearrangement of farther water molecules to form hydrogen-bonded "water wires" that afford long-range and measurable proton transport away from the reaction site. Nonetheless, the relatively large number of picosecond-lived auto-dissociation products might be engineered within 2D layers and oriented external fields to offer new energy-related systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen H Garofalini
- Department of Matserials Science and Engineering, Rutgers University, 607 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855, United States
| | - Jesse Lentz
- Department of Matserials Science and Engineering, Rutgers University, 607 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855, United States
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3
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Vibrational dynamics of the OD stretch in an atomistic simulation of HDO in H2O. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Brinker CJ, Butler KS, Garofalini SH. Are nearly free silanols a unifying structural determinant of silica particle toxicity? Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:30006-30008. [PMID: 33188085 PMCID: PMC7720230 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2021078117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Jeffrey Brinker
- Center for Micro-Engineered Materials, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131;
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Kimberly S Butler
- Department of Molecular and Microbiology, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87123
| | - Stephen H Garofalini
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854
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Ward MD, Chaloux BL, Johannes MD, Epshteyn A. Facile Proton Transport in Ammonium Borosulfate-An Unhumidified Solid Acid Polyelectrolyte for Intermediate Temperatures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2003667. [PMID: 32924200 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202003667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
High proton conductivity is reported for unhumidified ammonium borosulfate, NH4 [B(SO4 )2 ], a solid acid coordination polymer that contains 1D, hydrogen-bonded NH4 + ···1 ∞ [B(SO4 )4/2 ]- chains. NH4 [B(SO4 )2 ] is thermally stable to 320 °C and is amenable to sintering into monolithic, polycrystalline discs at 200 °C and about 300 MPa of uniaxial pressure. Impedance spectroscopy measurements reveal ionic conductivities for sintered ammonium borosulfate of 0.1 mS cm-1 at 25 °C and up to 10 mS cm-1 at 180 °C in ambient air. No superprotonic transition is observed in the temperature range of 25-180 °C. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations show these high conductivities are aided by free rotation of the NH4 + units and significant gyrational mobility of the SO4 tetrahedra, which, in turn, provide facile pathways for proton locomotion. High conductivities, a wide operational temperature window, and tolerance to both ambient and anhydrous conditions make NH4 [B(SO4 )]2 an attractive candidate electrolyte for intermediate-temperature hydrogen fuel cells that may enable operation at temperatures as high as 300 °C without active humidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Ward
- Chemistry Division, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, 20375, USA
| | - Brian L Chaloux
- Chemistry Division, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, 20375, USA
| | - Michelle D Johannes
- Center for Computational Materials Science, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, 20375, USA
| | - Albert Epshteyn
- Chemistry Division, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, 20375, USA
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Zeng Y, Li A, Yan T. Hydrogen Bond Dynamics in the Solvation Shell on Proton Transfer in Aqueous Solution. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:1817-1823. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c00990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Zeng
- Institute of New Energy Material Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Ailin Li
- College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China
| | - Tianying Yan
- Institute of New Energy Material Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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Lentz J, Garofalini SH. Formation and migration of H3O+ and OH− ions at the water/silica and water/vapor interfaces under the influence of a static electric field: a molecular dynamics study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:22537-22548. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03656k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Water ‘layers’ 1 and 2 in pink; ‘layer’ 3 in blue and green over portion of glass surface (grey). +90° field causes water migration and clustering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Lentz
- Interfacial Molecular Science Laboratory
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rutgers University
- USA
| | - Stephen H. Garofalini
- Interfacial Molecular Science Laboratory
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rutgers University
- USA
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Sakti AW, Nishimura Y, Nakai H. Recent advances in quantum‐mechanical molecular dynamics simulations of proton transfer mechanism in various water‐based environments. WIRES COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aditya W. Sakti
- Element Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB) Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Nishimura
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering (WISE) Waseda University Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiromi Nakai
- Element Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB) Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering (WISE) Waseda University Tokyo Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering Waseda University Tokyo Japan
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Hofer TS, Kilchert FM, Tanjung BA. An effective partial charge model for bulk and surface properties of cubic ZrO 2, Y 2O 3 and yttrium-stabilised zirconia. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:25635-25648. [PMID: 31720638 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04307a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In this work a newly parametrised Coulomb plus Buckingham potential formulation for cubic ZrO2, Y2O3 and yttrium-stabilised zirconia (YSZ) is presented. The density and pair distributions obtained for neat ZrO2 and Y2O3 under ambient conditions are in excellent agreement with experimental data, while the vibrational power spectra are highly similar compared to those obtained via ab initio molecular dynamics simulations at the PBEsol level. In addition, it is shown that the use of effective partial charges has several advantages compared to interaction potentials employing the oxidation states in the evaluation of the coulombic interactions: (i) the diffusion coefficient and the associated activation energy of oxygen ions evaluated for YSZn (n = 4 to 12) display the best agreement with experimental data; (ii) no unphysical reorganisation of the interface and the bulk are observed in simulations of the (110) and (111) surfaces of cubic ZrO2 and Y2O3, while due to the strong coulombic contributions in the case of the tested full-charge models a pronounced restructuring of the interface and the bulk is observed in the ZrO2 case, and (iii) the use of effective partial charges ensures compatibility with existing solvent models and force-fields for the treatment of molecular compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S Hofer
- Theoretical Chemistry Division, Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Franziska M Kilchert
- Theoretical Chemistry Division, Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Bagas A Tanjung
- Theoretical Chemistry Division, Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Lentz J, Garofalini SH. Role of the hydrogen bond lifetimes and rotations at the water/amorphous silica interface on proton transport. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:12265-12278. [PMID: 31139793 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01994d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Using a highly robust and reactive all-atom potential, molecular dynamics computer simulations have been used to provide detailed analysis of the behavior of water and protons at a large-scale amorphous silica surface that offers the heterogeneity of surface sites and water/silica interactions. Structural data of the H-O distances as a function of distance from the glass surface showed variation in hydrogen bond (H-bond) lengths to second and third nearest oxygen neighbors that play an important role in H-bond lifetimes, rotations, and proton transfer, especially at the glass surface. The higher density and inherently closer average spacing between oxygens in the glass surface (2.6 Å) in comparison to that in water (2.8 Å) create a significantly different environment for H-bond lifetimes and proton transfers. Continuous H-bond lifetime autocorrelation functions for water H-bonded to the surface are considerably shorter than those of bulk water, whereas the intermittent lifetime autocorrelation functions are longer. Such results affect proton transfers that are over an order of magnitude higher at the surface than farther from the surface or in bulk water. However, most of these transfers are rattling events between the participating oxygens, one of which is the newly formed H3O+ ion adjacent to the interface. Such a H3O+ ion has an extremely low barrier to proton transfer back to the surface site in comparison to a H3O+ ion in bulk water. Nonetheless, the simulations showed that rotation of the H3O+ ion away from the initial transfer site allowed for structural diffusion of an excess proton away from the surface. Proton conduction from such rotations could be enhanced by external forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Lentz
- Interfacial Molecular Science Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rutgers University, USA.
| | - Stephen H Garofalini
- Interfacial Molecular Science Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rutgers University, USA.
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Hofer TS, Wiedemair MJ. Towards a dissociative SPC-like water model II. The impact of Lennard-Jones and Buckingham non-coulombic forces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:28523-28534. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp04957b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The dissociative water potential by Garofalini and coworkers has been re-formulated in the framework of the widely employed Lennard-Jones and Buckingham potentials, enhancing the transferability of the model to third party simulation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S. Hofer
- Theoretical Chemistry Division
- Institute of General
- Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine
- University of Innsbruck
| | - Martin J. Wiedemair
- Theoretical Chemistry Division
- Institute of General
- Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine
- University of Innsbruck
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