1
|
Miranda-Quintana RA, Chen L, Craig VSJ, Smiatek J. Quantitative Solvation Energies from Gas-Phase Calculations: First-Principles Charge Transfer and Perturbation Approaches. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:2546-2551. [PMID: 36917810 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c08907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
We present a first-principles approach for the calculation of solvation energies and enthalpies with respect to different ion pair combinations in various solvents. The method relies on the conceptual density functional theory (DFT) of solvation, from which detailed expressions for the solvation energies can be derived. In addition to fast and straightforward gas phase calculations, we also study the influence of modified chemical reactivity descriptors in terms of electronic perturbations. The corresponding phenomenological changes in molecular energy levels can be interpreted as the influence of continuum solvents. Our approach shows that the introduction of these modified expressions is essential for a quantitative agreement between the calculated and the experimental results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Alain Miranda-Quintana
- Department of Chemistry and Quantum Theory Project, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32603, United States
| | - Lexin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32603, United States
| | - Vincent S J Craig
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Jens Smiatek
- Institute for Computational Physics, University of Stuttgart, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang F, Lai J, Hu Z, Zhou A, Wang H, Hu X, Hou L, Li B, Sun W, Chen N, Li L, Wu F, Chen R. Lithium Salt Dissociation Promoted by 18-Crown-6 Ether Additive toward Dilute Electrolytes for High Performance Lithium Oxygen Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202301772. [PMID: 36807435 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202301772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Lithium-oxygen batteries (LOBs) are well known for their high energy density. However, their reversibility and rate performance are challenged due to the sluggish oxygen reduction/evolution reactions (ORR/OER) kinetics, serious side reactions and uncontrollable Li dendrite growth. The electrolyte plays a key role in transport of Li+ and reactive oxygen species in LOBs. Here, we tailored a dilute electrolyte by screening suitable crown ether additives to promote lithium salt dissociation and Li+ solvation through electrostatic interaction. The electrolyte containing 100 mM 18-crown-6 ether (100-18C6) exhibits enhanced electrochemical stability and triggers a solution-mediated Li2 O2 growth pathway in LOBs, showing high discharge capacity of 10 828.8 mAh gcarbon -1 . Moreover, optimized electrode/electrolyte interfaces promote ORR/OER kinetics on cathode and achieve dendrite-free Li anode, which enhances the cycle life. This work casts new lights on the design of low-cost dilute electrolytes for high performance LOBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengling Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jingning Lai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhengqiang Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Anbin Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Huirong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lijuan Hou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Bohua Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wen Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Nan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Li Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.,Institute of Advanced Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Jinan, 250300, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.,Institute of Advanced Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Jinan, 250300, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Renjie Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.,Institute of Advanced Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Jinan, 250300, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing, Beijing, 100081, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu YK, Zhao CZ, Du J, Zhang XQ, Chen AB, Zhang Q. Research Progresses of Liquid Electrolytes in Lithium-Ion Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205315. [PMID: 36470676 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the rapid development of modern society is calling for advanced energy storage to meet the growing demands of energy supply and generation. As one of the most promising energy storage systems, secondary batteries are attracting much attention. The electrolyte is an important part of the secondary battery, and its composition is closely related to the electrochemical performance of the secondary batteries. Lithium-ion battery electrolyte is mainly composed of solvents, additives, and lithium salts, which are prepared according to specific proportions under certain conditions and according to the needs of characteristics. This review analyzes the advantages and current problems of the liquid electrolytes in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) from the mechanism of action and failure mechanism, summarizes the research progress of solvents, lithium salts, and additives, analyzes the future trends and requirements of lithium-ion battery electrolytes, and points out the emerging opportunities in advanced lithium-ion battery electrolytes development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Kun Liu
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, P. R. China
| | - Chen-Zi Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Juan Du
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Qiang Zhang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Ai-Bing Chen
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Miranda-Quintana RA, Smiatek J. Application of Fundamental Chemical Principles for Solvation Effects: A Unified Perspective for Interaction Patterns in Solution. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:8864-8872. [PMID: 36269164 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c06315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the utility of basic chemical principles like the "|Δμ| big is good" (DMB) rule for the study of solvation interactions between distinct solutes such as ions and solvents. The corresponding approach allows us to define relevant criteria for maximum solvation energies of ion pairs in different solvents in terms of electronegativities and chemical hardnesses. Our findings reveal that the DMB principle culminates into the strong and weak acids and bases concept as recently derived for specific ion effects in various solvents. The further application of the DMB approach highlights a similar condition for the chemical hardnesses with a reminiscence to the hard/soft acids and bases principle. Comparable conclusions can also be drawn with regard to the change of the solvent. We show that favorable solvent interactions are mainly driven by low chemical hardnesses as well as high electronegativity differences between the ions and the solvent. Our findings highlight that solvation interactions are governed by basic chemical principles, which demonstrates the close similarity between solvation mechanisms and chemical reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Alain Miranda-Quintana
- Department of Chemistry and Quantum Theory Project, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida32611, United States
| | - Jens Smiatek
- Institute for Computational Physics, University of Stuttgart, StuttgartD-70569, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Borisevich SS, Evshchik EY, Il’ina MG, Khamitov EM, Mel’nikova TI, Rubtsov RY, Bushkova OV, Dobrovol’skii YA. Algorithm for Theoretical Assessment of the Electrochemical Stability of Electrolytes in Lithium-Ion Batteries by the Example of LiBF4 in the EC/DMC Mixture. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193522110040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
6
|
Gregory KP, Elliott GR, Robertson H, Kumar A, Wanless EJ, Webber GB, Craig VSJ, Andersson GG, Page AJ. Understanding specific ion effects and the Hofmeister series. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:12682-12718. [PMID: 35543205 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00847e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Specific ion effects (SIE), encompassing the Hofmeister Series, have been known for more than 130 years since Hofmeister and Lewith's foundational work. SIEs are ubiquitous and are observed across the medical, biological, chemical and industrial sciences. Nevertheless, no general predictive theory has yet been able to explain ion specificity across these fields; it remains impossible to predict when, how, and to what magnitude, a SIE will be observed. In part, this is due to the complexity of real systems in which ions, counterions, solvents and cosolutes all play varying roles, which give rise to anomalies and reversals in anticipated SIEs. Herein we review the historical explanations for SIE in water and the key ion properties that have been attributed to them. Systems where the Hofmeister series is perturbed or reversed are explored, as is the behaviour of ions at the liquid-vapour interface. We discuss SIEs in mixed electrolytes, nonaqueous solvents, and in highly concentrated electrolyte solutions - exciting frontiers in this field with particular relevance to biological and electrochemical applications. We conclude the perspective by summarising the challenges and opportunities facing this SIE research that highlight potential pathways towards a general predictive theory of SIE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kasimir P Gregory
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia. .,Department of Materials Physics, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Gareth R Elliott
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia.
| | - Hayden Robertson
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia.
| | - Anand Kumar
- Flinders Institute of Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Erica J Wanless
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia.
| | - Grant B Webber
- School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Vincent S J Craig
- Department of Materials Physics, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Gunther G Andersson
- Flinders Institute of Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Alister J Page
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang D, Li L, Zhang W, Cao M, Qiu H, Ji X. Research progress on electrolytes for fast-charging lithium-ion batteries. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
8
|
Miranda-Quintana RA, Smiatek J. Specific Ion Effects in Different Media: Current Status and Future Challenges. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:13840-13849. [PMID: 34918938 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c07957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We discuss the current state of research as well as the future challenges for a deeper understanding of specific ion effects in protic and aprotic solvents as well as various additional media. Despite recent interest in solute or interfacial effects, we focus exclusively on the specific properties of ions in bulk electrolyte solutions. Corresponding results show that many mechanisms remain unknown for these simple media, although theoretical, computational, and experimental studies have provided some insights into explaining individual observations. In particular, the importance of local interactions and electronic properties is emphasized, which enabled a more consistent interpretation of specific ion effects over the past years. Despite current insufficient knowledge, we also discuss future challenges in relation to dynamic properties as well as the influence of different concentrations, different solvents, and solute contributions to gain a deeper understanding of specific ion effects for technological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Alain Miranda-Quintana
- Department of Chemistry and Quantum Theory Project, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Jens Smiatek
- Institute for Computational Physics, University of Stuttgart, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.,Digitalization Development Biologicals CMC, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, D-88397 Biberach (Riss), Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Eisenhart AE, Beck TL. Specific Ion Solvation and Pairing Effects in Glycerol Carbonate. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:13635-13643. [PMID: 34894679 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c06575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Identifying the driving forces behind the solvation of inorganic salts by nonaqueous solvents is an important step in the development of green solvents. Here we focus on one promising solvent: glycerol carbonate (GC). Using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, we build upon our previous work by detailing glycerol carbonate's interactions with a series of anions, a lithium ion, and the LiF ion pair. Through these investigations, we highlight the changes in solvation behavior as the anion size increases, the competition of binding shown by lithium for the oxygens of GC, and the behavior of the LiF ion pair in a GC solution. These results indicate the importance of the cation's identity in ion-pairing structure and dynamics and lend insight into the key factors behind the specific ion effects seen in GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E Eisenhart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Thomas L Beck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Schütze Y, de Oliveira Silva R, Ning J, Rappich J, Lu Y, Ruiz VG, Bande A, Dzubiella J. Combined first-principles statistical mechanics approach to sulfur structure in organic cathode hosts for polymer based lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:26709-26720. [PMID: 34842867 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04550d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Polymer-based batteries that utilize organic electrode materials are considered viable candidates to overcome the common drawbacks of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. A promising cathode can be developed using a conductive, flexible, and free-standing polymer, poly(4-thiophen-3-yl)benzenethiol) (PTBT), as the sulfur host material. By a vulcanization process, sulfur is embedded into this polymer. Here, we present a combination of electronic structure theory and statistical mechanics to characterize the structure of the initial state of the charged cathode on an atomic level. We perform a stability analysis of differently sulfurized TBT dimers as the basic polymer unit calculated within density-functional theory (DFT) and combine this with a statistical binding model for the binding probability distributions of the vulcanization process. From this, we deduce sulfur chain length ("rank") distributions and calculate the average sulfur rank depending on the sulfur concentration and temperature. This multi-scale approach allows us to bridge the gap between the local description of the covalent bonding process and the derivation of the macroscopic properties of the cathode. Our calculations show that the main reaction of the vulcanization process leads to high-probability states of sulfur chains cross-linking TBT units belonging to different polymer backbones, with a dominant rank around n = 5. In contrast, the connection of adjacent TBT units of the same polymer backbone by a sulfur chain is the side reaction. These results are experimentally supported by Raman spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yannik Schütze
- Research Group for Simulations of Energy Materials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, Berlin 14109, Germany. .,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Ranielle de Oliveira Silva
- Department Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, Berlin 14109, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, Potsdam 14469, Germany
| | - Jiaoyi Ning
- Department Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, Berlin 14109, Germany.,School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jörg Rappich
- Institute Si-Photovoltaics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Kekuléstr. 5, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Yan Lu
- Department Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, Berlin 14109, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, Potsdam 14469, Germany
| | - Victor G Ruiz
- Research Group for Simulations of Energy Materials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, Berlin 14109, Germany.
| | - Annika Bande
- Theory of Electron Dynamics and Spectroscopy, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materalien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, Berlin 14109, Germany
| | - Joachim Dzubiella
- Research Group for Simulations of Energy Materials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, Berlin 14109, Germany. .,Applied Theoretical Physics - Computational Physics, Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Herrmann-Herder-Straße 3, Freiburg 79104, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fan X, Wang C. High-voltage liquid electrolytes for Li batteries: progress and perspectives. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:10486-10566. [PMID: 34341815 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00450f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Since the advent of the Li ion batteries (LIBs), the energy density has been tripled, mainly attributed to the increase of the electrode capacities. Now, the capacity of transition metal oxide cathodes is approaching the limit due to the stability limitation of the electrolytes. To further promote the energy density of LIBs, the most promising strategies are to enhance the cut-off voltage of the prevailing cathodes or explore novel high-capacity and high-voltage cathode materials, and also replacing the graphite anode with Si/Si-C or Li metal. However, the commercial ethylene carbonate (EC)-based electrolytes with relatively low anodic stability of ∼4.3 V vs. Li+/Li cannot sustain high-voltage cathodes. The bottleneck restricting the electrochemical performance in Li batteries has veered towards new electrolyte compositions catering for aggressive next-generation cathodes and Si/Si-C or Li metal anodes, since the oxidation-resistance of the electrolytes and the in situ formed cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) layers at the high-voltage cathodes and solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layers on anodes critically control the electrochemical performance of these high-voltage Li batteries. In this review, we present a comprehensive and in-depth overview on the recent advances, fundamental mechanisms, scientific challenges, and design strategies for the novel high-voltage electrolyte systems, especially focused on stability issues of the electrolytes, the compatibility and interactions between the electrolytes and the electrodes, and reaction mechanisms. Finally, novel insights, promising directions and potential solutions for high voltage electrolytes associated with effective SEI/CEI layers are proposed to motivate revolutionary next-generation high-voltage Li battery chemistries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiulin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Chunsheng Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Beneficial properties of solvents and ions for lithium ion and post-lithium ion batteries: Implications from charge transfer models. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
13
|
Kartha TR, Mallik BS. Molecular Dynamics and Emerging Network Graphs of Interactions in Dinitrile-Based Li-Ion Battery Electrolytes. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:7231-7240. [PMID: 34170709 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c04486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Advancements in battery research have shown interesting formulations of battery electrolytes that have helped improve the efficiency of Li-ion batteries over the decades. However, the quest for a safer and affordable battery electrolyte still proceeds with more unique formulations reported in the literature regularly. The dinitriles, especially adiponitrile and glutaronitrile, have caught the attention of the research community as part of this quest. In this work, we performed molecular dynamics simulations of dinitrile electrolytes with lithium bistrifluorosulfonimide (LiTFSI) as the electrolyte salt at varying concentrations and temperatures. On analysis of our simulations, we find that the densities of the mixtures follow the same trend as that of experimental values. The solvation properties were explored using the radial distribution functions. The connectivity of the Li+ with the dinitrile molecules and anions is established for all of the electrolyte concentrations using network graphs. We observe that the electrolytes form highly networked structures as the concentration increases without being affected by the rise in temperature. The networking of ionic interactions was quantified by calculating the average degree of each graph. Ionic conductivity calculations were computed using three methods: Nernst-Einstein relation, correlated method, and current autocorrelation function. We report the importance of accounting for the correlated motion of ions while estimating the ionic conductivity. The correlated conductivity and current autocorrelation function calculations provide a satisfactory estimation of the ionic conductivity compared to the experimental values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thejus R Kartha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy 502285, Telangana, India
| | - Bhabani S Mallik
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy 502285, Telangana, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fang Z, Zheng Z, Cheng W, Zhang X, Zhong K, Li L. Mechanism of Stability Enhancement for Adiponitrile High Voltage Electrolyte System Referring to Addition of Fluoroethylene Carbonate. Front Chem 2020; 8:588389. [PMID: 33134282 PMCID: PMC7573353 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.588389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to improve the stability of high voltage electrolyte for 5 V-level LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode material, adiponitrile (ADN) with high oxidation stability was selected as the main solvent, meanwhile, 2% fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) as the additive with good film forming effect was also used. And then, the effect of 2 mol L−1 LiBF4-GBL/ADN+2% FEC on the electrochemical performance of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 was explored at room temperature. The electrolyte system containing FEC can improve the cycle stability of the battery. At 1 C rate, the cycle capacity retention rate can reach 83% after 100 cycles, while the capacity retention rate of the electrolyte system without FEC and the ordinary commercial electrolyte system is only 77 and 68%, respectively. Besides, the rate performance of the battery with the addition of FEC also shows excellent performance, however, this kind of advantage is not obvious under the conditon of large rate. In addition, under the conditon of the synergistic effect between adiponitrile and fluoroethylene carbonate, the high-voltage electrolyte exhibits the good compatibility and lithium reversibility in the full cell with Li4Ti5O12 as the negative electrode.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Fang
- School of Metallurgical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Province Metallurgical Engineering and Technology Research Centre, Xi'an, China
| | - Zekun Zheng
- School of Metallurgical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Wudan Cheng
- School of Metallurgical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Xingliang Zhang
- School of Metallurgical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Kenan Zhong
- School of Metallurgical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Linbo Li
- School of Metallurgical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Province Metallurgical Engineering and Technology Research Centre, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Shayestehpour O, Zahn S. Molecular Features of Reline and Homologous Deep Eutectic Solvents Contributing to Nonideal Mixing Behavior. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:7586-7597. [PMID: 32790398 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c03091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents based on choline chloride and a series of urea derivatives are studied by molecular dynamics simulations with the aim to identify molecular features contributing to nonideal mixing behavior of these compounds. In case of reline, a mixture of choline chloride and urea in 1:2 ratio, urea molecules provide sufficient hydrogen bond donor sites to take up the chloride anions into their polar network. Replacing any of the hydrogen atoms of urea by a methyl group strongly pushes the anion to interact with these alkyl chains, resulting in a positive deviation of the activity coefficients of choline chloride compared to reline. Furthermore, the oxygen atom of urea can interact with the nitrogen atom of the cation. This enables the chloride anion to move off-center of the cation toward the hydrogen atom of its hydroxyl group, possessing stronger directional Coulomb interactions than the nitrogen atom of the cation. The substitution of urea's hydrogen atoms in cis position to the carbonyl group as in 1,3-dimethylurea, pushes the newly introduced nonpolar alkyl chains toward the nitrogen atom of the cation. This effect can be responsible for the experimentally observed increase of the activity coefficient of the urea derivative compared to urea. Additionally, indications for formation of nonpolar domains within the liquid and, thus, nanoscale segregation is visible as soon as one hydrogen atom of urea is replaced by an alkyl group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omid Shayestehpour
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Zahn
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Krause CH, Röring P, Röser S, Diddens D, Thienenkamp JH, Cekic-Laskovic I, Brunklaus G, Winter M. Toward adequate control of internal interfaces utilizing nitrile-based electrolytes. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:174701. [PMID: 32384854 DOI: 10.1063/5.0003098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Methods to control internal interfaces in lithium ion batteries often require sophisticated procedures to deposit coating layers or introduce interphases, which are typically difficult to apply. This particularly holds for protection from parasitic reactions at the current collector, which reflects an internal interface for the electrode composite material and the electrolyte. In this work, electrolyte formulations based on aliphatic cyclic nitriles, cyclopentane-1-carbonitrile and cyclohexane-1-carbonitrile, are introduced that allow for successful suppression of aluminum dissolution and control of internal interfaces under application-relevant conditions. Such nitrile-based electrolytes show higher intrinsic oxidative and thermal stabilities as well as similar capacity retentions in lithium nickel-manganese-cobalt oxide LiNi3/5Mn1/5Co1/5O2 (NMC622)||graphite based full cells compared to the state-of-the-art organic carbonate-based electrolytes, even when bis(trifluoro-methane)sulfonimide lithium salt is utilized. Moreover, the importance of relative permittivity, degree of ion dissociation, and viscosity of the applied electrolyte formulations for the protection of current collector interfaces is emphasized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C H Krause
- MEET Battery Research Center, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 46, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - P Röring
- Helmholtz-Institute Münster, IEK-12, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Corrensstraße 46, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - S Röser
- MEET Battery Research Center, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 46, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - D Diddens
- Helmholtz-Institute Münster, IEK-12, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Corrensstraße 46, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - J H Thienenkamp
- Helmholtz-Institute Münster, IEK-12, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Corrensstraße 46, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - I Cekic-Laskovic
- MEET Battery Research Center, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 46, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - G Brunklaus
- Helmholtz-Institute Münster, IEK-12, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Corrensstraße 46, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - M Winter
- MEET Battery Research Center, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 46, 48149 Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Smiatek J. Theoretical and Computational Insight into Solvent and Specific Ion Effects for Polyelectrolytes: The Importance of Local Molecular Interactions. Molecules 2020; 25:E1661. [PMID: 32260301 PMCID: PMC7180813 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyelectrolytes in solution show a broad plethora of interesting effects. In this short review article, we focus on recent theoretical and computational findings regarding specific ion and solvent effects and their impact on the polyelectrolyte behavior. In contrast to standard mean field descriptions, the properties of polyelectrolytes are significantly influenced by crucial interactions with the solvent, co-solvent and ion species. The corresponding experimental and simulation results reveal a significant deviation from theoretical predictions, which also highlights the importance of charge transfer, dispersion and polarization interactions in combination with solvation mechanisms. We discuss recent theoretical and computational findings in addition to novel approaches which help broaden the applicability of simple mean field theories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Smiatek
- Institute for Computational Physics, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Fiates J, Zhang Y, Franco LFM, Maginn EJ, Doubek G. Impact of anion shape on Li+ solvation and on transport properties for lithium–air batteries: a molecular dynamics study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:15842-15852. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00853b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Here we report the influence of the anion shape over the solvation structure and transport properties over commonly employed Li–O2 electrolytes and discuss their implications for the device.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Fiates
- School of Chemical Engineering
- University of Campinas
- Campinas 13083-852
- Brazil
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame
- USA
| | - Luís F. M. Franco
- School of Chemical Engineering
- University of Campinas
- Campinas 13083-852
- Brazil
| | - Edward J. Maginn
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame
- USA
| | - Gustavo Doubek
- School of Chemical Engineering
- University of Campinas
- Campinas 13083-852
- Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Küpers V, Kolek M, Bieker P, Winter M, Brunklaus G. In situ 7Li-NMR analysis of lithium metal surface deposits with varying electrolyte compositions and concentrations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:26084-26094. [PMID: 31746873 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05334d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A major challenge of lithium metal electrodes, in theory a suitable choice for rechargeable high energy density batteries, comprises non-homogeneous lithium deposition and the growth of reactive high surface area lithium, which eventually yields active material losses and safety risks. While it is hard to fully avoid inhomogeneous deposits, the achievable morphology of the occurring lithium deposits critically determines the long-term cycling behaviour of the cells. In this work, we focus on a combined scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and 7Li nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (7Li-NMR) study to unravel the impact of the choice of conducting salts (LiPF6 and LiTFSI), solvents (EC : DEC, 3 : 7, DME : DOL, 1 : 1), as well as their respective concentrations (1 M, 3 M) on the electrodeposition process, demonstrating that lithium deposition morphologies may be controlled to a large extent by proper choice of cycling conditions and electrolyte constituents. In addition, the applicability of 7Li-NMR spectroscopy to assess the resulting morphology is discussed. It was found, that lithium deposition analysis based on the 7Li chemical shift and intensity should be used carefully, as various morphologies can lead to similar results. Still, our case study reveals that the combination of SEM and NMR data is rather advantageous and offers complementary insights that may provide pathways for the future design of tailored electrolytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verena Küpers
- MEET Battery Research Center, Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 46, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Kolek
- MEET Battery Research Center, Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 46, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Peter Bieker
- MEET Battery Research Center, Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 46, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Winter
- MEET Battery Research Center, Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 46, 48149 Münster, Germany and Helmholtz Institute Münster (HI MS), IEK-12, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Corrensstr. 46, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Gunther Brunklaus
- Helmholtz Institute Münster (HI MS), IEK-12, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Corrensstr. 46, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pei HW, Laaksonen A. Feature vector clustering molecular pairs in computer simulations. J Comput Chem 2019; 40:2539-2549. [PMID: 31313339 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A clustering framework is introduced to analyze the microscopic structural organization of molecular pairs in liquids and solutions. A molecular pair is represented by a representative vector (RV). To obtain RV, intermolecular atom distances in the pair are extracted from simulation trajectory as components of the key feature vector (KFV). A specific scheme is then suggested to transform KFV to RV by removing the influence of permutational molecular symmetry on the KFV as the predicted clusters should be independent of possible permutations of identical atoms in the pair. After RVs of pairs are obtained, a clustering analysis technique is finally used to classify all the RVs of molecular pairs into the clusters. The framework is applied to analyze trajectory from molecular dynamics simulations of an ionic liquid (trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bis(oxalato)borate ([P6,6,6,14 ][BOB])). The molecular pairs are successfully categorized into physically meaningful clusters, and their effectiveness is evaluated by computing the product moment correlation coefficient (PMCC). (Willett, Winterman, and Bawden, J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 1986, 26, 109-118; Downs, Willett, and Fisanick, J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 1994, 34, 1094-1102) It is observed that representative configurations of two clusters are related to two energy local minimum structures optimized by density functional theory (DFT) calculation, respectively. Several widely used clustering analysis techniques of both nonhierarchical (k-means) and hierarchical clustering algorithms are also evaluated and compared with each other. The proposed KFV technique efficiently reveals local molecular pair structures in the simulated complex liquid. It is a method, which is highly useful for liquids and solutions in particular with strong intermolecular interactions. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Wen Pei
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.,System and Component Design, Department of Machine Design, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aatto Laaksonen
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.,State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Aleea Grigore Ghica-Voda, 41A, 700487, Lasi, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
After determining the optimum composition of the butyronitrile: ethylene carbonate: fluoroethylene carbonate (BN:EC:FEC) solvent/co-solvent/additive mixture, the resulting electrolyte formulation (1M LiPF6 in BN:EC (9:1) + 3% FEC) was evaluated in terms of ionic conductivity and the electrochemical stability window, as well as galvanostatic cycling performance in NMC/graphite cells. This cell chemistry results in remarkable fast charging, required, for instance, for automotive applications. In addition, a good long-term cycling behavior lasts for 1000 charge/discharge cycles and improved ionic conductivity compared to the benchmark counterpart was achieved. XPS sputter depth profiling analysis proved the beneficial behavior of the tuned BN-based electrolyte on the graphite surface, by confirming the formation of an effective solid electrolyte interphase (SEI).
Collapse
|
22
|
Smiatek J. Enthalpic contributions to solvent–solute and solvent–ion interactions: Electronic perturbation as key to the understanding of molecular attraction. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:174112. [PMID: 31067894 DOI: 10.1063/1.5092567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Smiatek
- Institut für Computerphysik, Universität Stuttgart, Allmandring 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Helmholtz Institut Münster (HI MS–IEK 12): Ionenleiter in Energiespeichern, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Corrensstrasse 46, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Nandy A, Smiatek J. Mixtures of LiTFSI and urea: ideal thermodynamic behavior as key to the formation of deep eutectic solvents? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:12279-12287. [PMID: 31139787 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01440c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We studied the dynamic and structural properties of deep eutectic solvents composed of LiTFSI salts in presence of urea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Nandy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Kharagpur
- India
- Helmholtz-Institute Münster: Ionics in Energy Storage (HIMS-IEK 12)
| | - Jens Smiatek
- Helmholtz-Institute Münster: Ionics in Energy Storage (HIMS-IEK 12)
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
- D-48149 Münster
- Germany
- Institute for Computational Physics
| |
Collapse
|