1
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Uenishi R, Boyer A, Karashima S, Humeniuk A, Suzuki T. Signatures of Conical Intersections in Extreme Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectra of Furan Measured with 15 fs Time Resolution. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:2222-2227. [PMID: 38373287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Ultrafast internal conversion of furan upon deep UV excitation at 200 nm is studied by using extreme ultraviolet time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy with a time resolution of 15 fs. Ballistic nuclear wavepacket motion from the 1B2(ππ*) state to the ground state is fully observed using 21.7 eV probe pulses. Through the performance of a comparison with the results of electronic structure calculations at the MS(3)-CASPT2(10,10)/cc-pVTZ level of theory, the photoelectron signals from the conical intersection regions are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuta Uenishi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Alexie Boyer
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shutaro Karashima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Alexander Humeniuk
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Toshinori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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2
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Crane S, Garrow M, Lane PD, Robertson K, Waugh A, Woolley JM, Stavros VG, Paterson MJ, Greaves SJ, Townsend D. The Value of Different Experimental Observables: A Transient Absorption Study of the Ultraviolet Excitation Dynamics Operating in Nitrobenzene. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:6425-6436. [PMID: 37494478 PMCID: PMC10424241 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c02654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Excess energy redistribution dynamics operating in nitrobenzene under hexane and isopropanol solvation were investigated using ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) with a 267 nm pump and a 340-750 nm white light continuum probe. The use of a nonpolar hexane solvent provides a proxy to the gas-phase environment, and the findings are directly compared with a recent time-resolved photoelectron imaging (TRPEI) study on nitrobenzene using the same excitation wavelength [L. Saalbach et al., J. Phys. Chem. A 2021, 125, 7174-7184]. Of note is the observation of a 1/e lifetime of 3.5-6.7 ps in the TAS data that was absent in the TRPEI measurements. This is interpreted as a dynamical signature of the T2 state in nitrobenzene─analogous to observations in the related nitronaphthalene system, and additionally supported by previous quantum chemistry calculations. The discrepancy between the TAS and TRPEI measurements is discussed, with the overall findings providing an example of how different spectroscopic techniques can exhibit varying sensitivity to specific steps along the overall reaction coordinate connecting reactants to photoproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart
W. Crane
- Institute
of Photonics & Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt
University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K.
| | - Malcolm Garrow
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K.
| | - Paul D. Lane
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K.
| | - Kate Robertson
- Institute
of Photonics & Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt
University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K.
| | - Alex Waugh
- Institute
of Photonics & Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt
University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K.
| | - Jack M. Woolley
- Department
of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Vasilios G. Stavros
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Martin J. Paterson
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K.
| | - Stuart J. Greaves
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K.
| | - Dave Townsend
- Institute
of Photonics & Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt
University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K.
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K.
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3
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Troß J, Carter-Fenk K, Cole-Filipiak NC, Schrader P, Word M, McCaslin LM, Head-Gordon M, Ramasesha K. Excited-State Dynamics during Primary C-I Homolysis in Acetyl Iodide Revealed by Ultrafast Core-Level Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:4103-4114. [PMID: 37103479 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c01414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
In typical carbonyl-containing molecules, bond dissociation events follow initial excitation to nπC═O* states. However, in acetyl iodide, the iodine atom gives rise to electronic states with mixed nπC═O* and nσC-I* character, leading to complex excited-state dynamics, ultimately resulting in dissociation. Using ultrafast extreme ultraviolet (XUV) transient absorption spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations, we present an investigation of the primary photodissociation dynamics of acetyl iodide via time-resolved spectroscopy of core-to-valence transitions of the I atom after 266 nm excitation. The probed I 4d-to-valence transitions show features that evolve on sub-100-fs time scales, reporting on excited-state wavepacket evolution during dissociation. These features subsequently evolve to yield spectral signatures corresponding to free iodine atoms in their spin-orbit ground and excited states with a branching ratio of 1.1:1 following dissociation of the C-I bond. Calculations of the valence excitation spectrum via equation-of-motion coupled cluster with single and double substitutions (EOM-CCSD) show that initial excited states are of spin-mixed character. From the initially pumped spin-mixed state, we use a combination of time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT)-driven nonadiabatic ab initio molecular dynamics and EOM-CCSD calculations of the N4,5 edge to reveal a sharp inflection point in the transient XUV signal that corresponds to rapid C-I homolysis. By examining the molecular orbitals involved in the core-level excitations at and around this inflection point, we are able to piece together a detailed picture of C-I bond photolysis in which d → σ* transitions give way to d → p excitations as the bond dissociates. We also report theoretical predictions of short-lived, weak 4d → 5d transitions in acetyl iodide, validated by weak bleaching in the experimental transient XUV spectra. This joint experimental-theoretical effort has thus unraveled the detailed electronic structure and dynamics of a strongly spin-orbit coupled system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Troß
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Kevin Carter-Fenk
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Neil C Cole-Filipiak
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Paul Schrader
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Mi'Kayla Word
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Laura M McCaslin
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Krupa Ramasesha
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94550, United States
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4
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Schuurman MS, Blanchet V. Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy: the continuing evolution of a mature technique. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:20012-20024. [PMID: 35297909 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05885a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (TRPES) has become one of the most widespread techniques for probing nonadiabatic dynamics in the excited electronic states of molecules. Furthermore, the complementary development of ab initio approaches for the simulation of TRPES signals has enabled the interpretation of these transient spectra in terms of underlying coupled electronic-nuclear dynamics. In this perspective, we discuss the current state-of-the-art approaches, including efforts to push femtosecond pulses into vacuum ultraviolet and soft X-ray regimes as well as the utilization of novel polarizations to use time-resolved optical activity as a probe of nonadiabatic dynamics. We close this perspective with a forward-looking prospectus on the new areas of application for this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Schuurman
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Dr, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6B9, Canada.,Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Dr, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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5
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Gambetta FM, Zhang C, Hennrich M, Lesanovsky I, Li W. Exploring the Many-Body Dynamics Near a Conical Intersection with Trapped Rydberg Ions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:233404. [PMID: 34170186 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.233404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Conical intersections between electronic potential energy surfaces are paradigmatic for the study of nonadiabatic processes in the excited states of large molecules. However, since the corresponding dynamics occurs on a femtosecond timescale, their investigation remains challenging and requires ultrafast spectroscopy techniques. We demonstrate that trapped Rydberg ions are a platform to engineer conical intersections and to simulate their ensuing dynamics on larger length scales and timescales of the order of nanometers and microseconds, respectively; all this in a highly controllable system. Here, the shape of the potential energy surfaces and the position of the conical intersection can be tuned thanks to the interplay between the high polarizability and the strong dipolar exchange interactions of Rydberg ions. We study how the presence of a conical intersection affects both the nuclear and electronic dynamics demonstrating, in particular, how it results in the inhibition of the nuclear motion. These effects can be monitored in real time via a direct spectroscopic measurement of the electronic populations in a state-of-the-art experimental setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo M Gambetta
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Markus Hennrich
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Igor Lesanovsky
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Weibin Li
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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6
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Makhija V, Boguslavskiy AE, Forbes R, Veyrinas K, Wilkinson I, Lausten R, Schuurman MS, Grant ER, Stolow A. A quantum molecular movie: polyad predissociation dynamics in the VUV excited 3pσ 2Σ u state of NO 2. Faraday Discuss 2021; 228:191-225. [PMID: 33629690 DOI: 10.1039/d0fd00128g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The optical formation of coherent superposition states, a wavepacket, can allow the study of zeroth-order states, the evolution of which exhibit structural and electronic changes as a function of time: this leads to the notion of a molecular movie. Intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution, due to anharmonic coupling between modes, is the molecular movie considered here. There is no guarantee, however, that the formed superposition will behave semi-classically (e.g. Gaussian wavepacket dynamics) or even as an intuitively useful zeroth-order state. Here we present time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (TRPES) studies of an electronically excited triatomic molecule wherein the vibrational dynamics must be treated quantum mechanically and the simple picture of population flow between coupled normal modes fails. Specifically, we report on vibronic wavepacket dynamics in the zeroth-order 3pσ2Σu Rydberg state of NO2. This wavepacket exemplifies two general features of excited state dynamics in polyatomic molecules: anharmonic multimodal vibrational coupling (forming polyads); nonadiabatic coupling between nuclear and electronic coordinates, leading to predissociation. The latter suggests that the polyad vibrational states in the zeroth-order 3p Rydberg manifold are quasi-bound and best understood to be scattering resonances. We observed a rapid dephasing of an initially prepared 'bright' valence state into the relatively long-lived 3p Rydberg state whose multimodal vibrational dynamics and decay we monitor as a function of time. Our quantum simulations, based on an effective spectroscopic Hamiltonian, describe the essential features of the multimodal Fermi resonance-driven vibrational dynamics in the 3p state. We also present evidence of polyad-specificity in the state-dependent predissociation rates, leading to free atomic and molecular fragments. We emphasize that a quantum molecular movie is required to visualize wavepacket dynamics in the 3pσ2Σu Rydberg state of NO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Makhija
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Mary Washington, Fredericksburg, VA 22401, USA and Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Andrey E Boguslavskiy
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. and National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON K1N 5A2, Canada
| | - Ruaridh Forbes
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Kevin Veyrinas
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Iain Wilkinson
- Locally-Sensitive & Time-Resolved Spectroscopy, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rune Lausten
- National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON K1N 5A2, Canada
| | - Michael S Schuurman
- National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON K1N 5A2, Canada and Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Edward R Grant
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Albert Stolow
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. and National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON K1N 5A2, Canada and Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
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7
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Silfies MC, Kowzan G, Lewis N, Allison TK. Broadband cavity-enhanced ultrafast spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:9743-9752. [PMID: 33871003 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00631b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Broadband ultrafast optical spectroscopy methods, such as transient absorption spectroscopy and 2D spectroscopy, are widely used to study molecular dynamics. However, these techniques are typically restricted to optically thick samples, such as solids and liquid solutions. In this article we discuss a cavity-enhanced ultrafast transient absorption spectrometer covering almost the entire visible range with a detection limit of ΔOD < 1 × 10-9, extending broadband all-optical ultrafast spectroscopy techniques to dilute beams of gas-phase molecules and clusters. We describe the technical innovations behind the spectrometer and present transient absorption data on two archetypical molecular systems for excited-state intramolecular proton transfer, 1'-hydroxy-2'-acetonapthone and salicylideneaniline, under jet-cooled and Ar cluster conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myles C Silfies
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11790-3400, USA.
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8
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Filatov M, Lee S, Nakata H, Choi CH. Signatures of Conical Intersection Dynamics in the Time-Resolved Photoelectron Spectrum of Furan: Theoretical Modeling with an Ensemble Density Functional Theory Method. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4276. [PMID: 33924097 PMCID: PMC8074317 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-adiabatic dynamics of furan excited in the ππ* state (S2 in the Franck-Condon geometry) was studied using non-adiabatic molecular dynamics simulations in connection with an ensemble density functional method. The time-resolved photoelectron spectra were theoretically simulated in a wide range of electron binding energies that covered the valence as well as the core electrons. The dynamics of the decay (rise) of the photoelectron signal were compared with the excited-state population dynamics. It was observed that the photoelectron signal decay parameters at certain electron binding energies displayed a good correlation with the events occurring during the excited-state dynamics. Thus, the time profile of the photoelectron intensity of the K-shell electrons of oxygen (decay constant of 34 ± 3 fs) showed a reasonable correlation with the time of passage through conical intersections with the ground state (47 ± 2 fs). The ground-state recovery constant of the photoelectron signal (121 ± 30 fs) was in good agreement with the theoretically obtained excited-state lifetime (93 ± 9 fs), as well as with the experimentally estimated recovery time constant (ca. 110 fs). Hence, it is proposed to complement the traditional TRPES observations with the trXPS (or trNEXAFS) measurements to obtain more reliable estimates of the most mechanistically important events during the excited-state dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Filatov
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | - Seunghoon Lee
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA;
| | - Hiroya Nakata
- R & D Center Kagoshima, Kyocera, 1-4 Kokubu Yamashita-cho, Kirishima-shi, Kagoshima 899-4312, Japan;
| | - Cheol-Ho Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
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9
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Niehaus TA. Ground-to-excited derivative couplings for the density functional-based tight-binding method: semi-local and long-range corrected formulations. Theor Chem Acc 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-021-02735-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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10
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Kotsina N, Townsend D. Improved insights in time-resolved photoelectron imaging. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:10736-10755. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00933h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We review new light source developments and data analysis considerations relevant to the time-resolved photoelectron imaging technique. Case studies illustrate how these themes may enhance understanding in studies of excited state molecular dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoleta Kotsina
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences
- Heriot-Watt University
- Edinburgh
- UK
| | - Dave Townsend
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences
- Heriot-Watt University
- Edinburgh
- UK
- Institute of Chemical Sciences
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11
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Paterson MJ, Townsend D. Rydberg-to-valence evolution in excited state molecular dynamics. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2020.1815389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dave Townsend
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
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12
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Geng T, Ehrmaier J, Schalk O, Richings GW, Hansson T, Worth G, Thomas RD. Time-Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy Studies of Isoxazole and Oxazole. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:3984-3992. [PMID: 32242664 PMCID: PMC7304896 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b11788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
excited state relaxation pathways of isoxazole and oxazole
upon excitation with UV-light were investigated by nonadiabatic ab
initio dynamics simulations and time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy.
Excitation of the bright ππ*-state of isoxazole predominantly
leads to ring-opening dynamics. Both the initially excited ππ*-state
and the dissociative πσ*-state offer a combined barrier-free
reaction pathway, such that ring-opening, defined as a distance of
more than 2 Å between two neighboring atoms, occurs within 45
fs. For oxazole, in contrast, the excited state dynamics is about
twice as slow (85 fs) and the quantum yield for ring-opening is lower.
This is caused by a small barrier between the ππ*-state
and the πσ*-state along the reaction path, which suppresses
direct ring-opening. Theoretical findings are consistent with the
measured time-resolved photoelectron spectra, confirming the timescales
and the quantum yields for the ring-opening channel. The results indicate
that a combination of time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy and
excited state dynamics simulations can explain the dominant reaction
pathways for this class of molecules. As a general rule, we suggest
that the antibonding σ*-orbital located between the oxygen atom
and a neighboring atom of a five-membered heterocyclic system provides
a driving force for ring-opening reactions, which is modified by the
presence and position of additional nitrogen atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Geng
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm University, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johannes Ehrmaier
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Oliver Schalk
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm University, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gareth W Richings
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Scientific Computing, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
| | - Tony Hansson
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm University, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Graham Worth
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, WC1H 0AJ London, U.K
| | - Richard D Thomas
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm University, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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13
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Schalk O, Galiana J, Geng T, Larsson TL, Thomas RD, Fdez. Galván I, Hansson T, Vacher M. Competition between ring-puckering and ring-opening excited state reactions exemplified on 5H-furan-2-one and derivatives. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:064301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5129366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Schalk
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joachim Galiana
- Department of Chemistry–Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, École normale supérieure de Lyon, 69342 Lyon, France
| | - Ting Geng
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tobias L. Larsson
- Department of Chemistry–Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Richard D. Thomas
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ignacio Fdez. Galván
- Department of Chemistry–Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry–BMC, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 576, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tony Hansson
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Morgane Vacher
- Department of Chemistry–Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
- Laboratoire CEISAM - UMR CNRS 6230, Université de Nantes, 44300 Nantes, France
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14
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Adachi S, Suzuki T. Methyl substitution effects on the non-adiabatic dynamics of benzene: lifting three-state quasi-degeneracy at conical intersections. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:2814-2818. [PMID: 31960867 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06164a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Previously, theoretical calculations on the non-adiabatic dynamics of benzene from the S2 state have indicated that the S2/S1 and S1/S0 conical intersections (CIs) facilitate ballistic nuclear wavepacket motion from S2 to S0 (fast channel) and branching to S1 (slow channel). In this paper, we present time-resolved photoelectron spectra of benzene and its methyl-derivatives (toluene and o-xylene) measured with a vacuum-UV laser, which clearly reveal both the fast and slow channels. The extremely short propagation time of the wavepacket between the two CIs of benzene indicates that the two are in close proximity to each other, while methyl substitution extends the propagation time and decreases the branching ratio into the fast channel. The results suggest that the quasi-degeneracy of the three states in benzene is lifted by the geometrical shifts of the CIs by methyl substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Adachi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Toshinori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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15
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Kotsina N, Candelaresi M, Saalbach L, Zawadzki MM, Crane SW, Sparling C, Townsend D. Short-wavelength probes in time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy: an extended view of the excited state dynamics in acetylacetone. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:4647-4658. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00068j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy using a vacuum ultraviolet probe brings new insight to the excited state dynamics operating in acetylacetone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoleta Kotsina
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences
- Heriot-Watt University
- Edinburgh
- UK
| | - Marco Candelaresi
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences
- Heriot-Watt University
- Edinburgh
- UK
| | - Lisa Saalbach
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences
- Heriot-Watt University
- Edinburgh
- UK
| | | | - Stuart W. Crane
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences
- Heriot-Watt University
- Edinburgh
- UK
| | - Chris Sparling
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences
- Heriot-Watt University
- Edinburgh
- UK
| | - Dave Townsend
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences
- Heriot-Watt University
- Edinburgh
- UK
- Institute of Chemical Sciences
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16
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Röder A, Petersen J, Issler K, Fischer I, Mitrić R, Poisson L. Exploring the Excited-State Dynamics of Hydrocarbon Radicals, Biradicals, and Carbenes Using Time-Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Field-Induced Surface Hopping Simulations. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:10643-10662. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b06346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Röder
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- LIDYL, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jens Petersen
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kevin Issler
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Fischer
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Roland Mitrić
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lionel Poisson
- LIDYL, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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17
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Schaupp T, Engel V. Electronic and nuclear flux dynamics at a conical intersection. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:084309. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5111922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schaupp
- Universität Würzburg Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Emil-Fischer-Str. 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Volker Engel
- Universität Würzburg Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Emil-Fischer-Str. 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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18
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Lindner JO, Sultangaleeva K, Röhr MIS, Mitrić R. metaFALCON: A Program Package for Automatic Sampling of Conical Intersection Seams Using Multistate Metadynamics. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:3450-3460. [PMID: 30995044 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The multistate metadynamics for automatic exploration of conical intersection seams and systematic location of minimum energy crossing points in molecular systems and its implementation into the software package metaFALCON is presented. Based on a locally modified energy gap between two Born-Oppenheimer electronic states as a collective variable, multistate metadynamics trajectories are driven toward an intersection point starting from an arbitrary ground state geometry and are subsequently forced to explore the conical intersection seam landscape. For this purpose, an additional collective variable capable of distinguishing structures within the seam needs to be defined and an additional bias is introduced into the off-diagonal elements of an extended (multistate) electronic Hamiltonian. We demonstrate the performance of the algorithm on the examples of the 1,3-butadiene, benzene, and 9H-adenine molecules, where multiple minimum energy crossing points could be systematically located using the Wiener number or Cremer-Pople parameters as collective variables. Finally, with the example of 9H-adenine, we show that the multistate metadynamics potential can be used to obtain a global picture of a conical intersection seam. Our method can be straightforwardly connected with any ab initio or semiempirical electronic structure theory that provides energies and gradients of the respective electronic states and can serve for systematic elucidation of the role of conical intersections in the photophysics and photochemistry of complex molecular systems, thus complementing nonadiabatic dynamics simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim O Lindner
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Emil-Fischer-Str. 42 , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Karina Sultangaleeva
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Emil-Fischer-Str. 42 , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Merle I S Röhr
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Emil-Fischer-Str. 42 , 97074 Würzburg , Germany.,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Theodor-Boveri-Weg , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Roland Mitrić
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Emil-Fischer-Str. 42 , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
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19
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Champenois EG, Greenman L, Shivaram N, Cryan JP, Larsen KA, Rescigno TN, McCurdy CW, Belkacem A, Slaughter DS. Ultrafast photodissociation dynamics and nonadiabatic coupling between excited electronic states of methanol probed by time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:114301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5079549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elio G. Champenois
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Graduate Group in Applied Science and Technology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Loren Greenman
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
- Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Niranjan Shivaram
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - James P. Cryan
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Kirk A. Larsen
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Graduate Group in Applied Science and Technology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Thomas N. Rescigno
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C. William McCurdy
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Ali Belkacem
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Daniel S. Slaughter
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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20
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UV-Driven Harmonic Generation for Time-Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Polyatomic Molecules. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8101784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A single-order harmonic pulse in the vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) is highly desirable for time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (TRPES) of polyatomic molecules. A high-power 9th harmonic of a Ti:sapphire laser (hv = 14 eV) is obtained using a UV driving laser at 270 nm (the 3rd harmonic). We describe our recent efforts to develop VUV TRPES combined with UV-driven harmonic generation, and present a few representative results from our recent TRPES studies.
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