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Niu SJ, Ren FD. Finite Temperature String with Order Parameter as Collective Variables for Molecular Crystal: A Case of Polymorphic Transformation of TNT under External Electric Field. Molecules 2024; 29:2549. [PMID: 38893427 PMCID: PMC11173574 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
An external electric field is an effective tool to induce the polymorphic transformation of molecular crystals, which is important practically in the chemical, material, and energy storage industries. However, the understanding of this mechanism is poor at the molecular level. In this work, two types of order parameters (OPs) were constructed for the molecular crystal based on the intermolecular distance, bond orientation, and molecular orientation. Using the K-means clustering algorithm for the sampling of OPs based on the Euclidean distance and density weight, the polymorphic transformation of TNT was investigated using a finite temperature string (FTS) under external electric fields. The potential of mean force (PMF) was obtained, and the essence of the polymorphic transformation between o-TNT and m-TNT was revealed, which verified the effectiveness of the FTS method based on K-means clustering to OPs. The differences in PMFs between the o-TNT and transition state were decreased under external electric fields in comparison with those in no field. The fields parallel to the c-axis obviously affected the difference in PMF, and the relationship between the changes in PMFs and field strengths was found. Although the external electric field did not promote the convergence, the time of the polymorphic transformation was reduced under the external electric field in comparison to its absence. Moreover, under the external electric field, the polymorphic transformation from o-TNT to m-TNT occurred while that from m-TNT to o-TNT was prevented, which was explained by the dipole moment of molecule, relative permittivity, chemical potential difference, nucleation work and nucleation rate. This confirmed that the polymorphic transformation orientation of the molecular crystal could be controlled by the external electric field. This work provides an effective way to explore the polymorphic transformation of the molecular crystals at a molecular level, and it is useful to control the production process and improve the performance of energetic materials by using the external electric fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Jie Niu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China;
- School of Management, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430040, China
| | - Fu-De Ren
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China;
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Ren FD, Liu YZ, Ding KW, Chang LL, Cao DL, Liu S. Finite temperature string by K-means clustering sampling with order parameters as collective variables for molecular crystals: application to polymorphic transformation between β-CL-20 and ε-CL-20. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:3500-3515. [PMID: 38206084 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05389j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Polymorphic transformation of molecular crystals is a fundamental phase transition process, and it is important practically in the chemical, material, biopharmaceutical, and energy storage industries. However, understanding of the transformation mechanism at the molecular level is poor due to the extreme simulating challenges in enhanced sampling and formulating order parameters (OPs) as the collective variables that can distinguish polymorphs with quite similar and complicated structures so as to describe the reaction coordinate. In this work, two kinds of OPs for CL-20 were constructed by the bond distances, bond orientations and relative orientations. A K-means clustering algorithm based on the Euclidean distance and sample weight was used to smooth the initial finite temperature string (FTS), and the minimum free energy path connecting β-CL-20 and ε-CL-20 was sketched by the string method in collective variables, and the free energy profile along the path and the nucleation kinetics were obtained by Markovian milestoning with Voronoi tessellations. In comparison with the average-based sampling, the K-means clustering algorithm provided an improved convergence rate of FTS. The simulation of transformation was independent of OP types but was affected greatly by finite-size effects. A surface-mediated local nucleation mechanism was confirmed and the configuration located at the shoulder of potential of mean force, rather than overall maximum, was confirmed to be the critical nucleus formed by the cooperative effect of the intermolecular interactions. This work provides an effective way to explore the polymorphic transformation of caged molecular crystals at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-de Ren
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.
| | - Ying-Zhe Liu
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Ke-Wei Ding
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Ling-Ling Chang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.
| | - Duan-Lin Cao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.
| | - Shubin Liu
- Research Computing Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3420, USA.
- Depaertment of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, USA
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Yu Y, Zheng Y, Liang J, Sun X, Cao Y, Pan P, Wei Z. Temperature-Dependent Polymorphic Crystallization and Crystalline Structure of Unsaturated Polyesters Derived from cis-2-Butene-1,4-diol. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Department of Polymer Science and Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian116024, China
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University, Dalian116622, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou310027, China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 78 Jiuhua Boulevard North, Quzhou324000, China
| | - Junhao Liang
- Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology (AISMST), School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, 510640Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
| | - Yan Cao
- Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology (AISMST), School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, 510640Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengju Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou310027, China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 78 Jiuhua Boulevard North, Quzhou324000, China
| | - Zhiyong Wei
- Department of Polymer Science and Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian116024, China
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Bao J, Li X, Wang J, Cong Y, Zhou J, Zhang X, Chen W. Crystallization, morphology and mechanical property enhancement of block copolymer-based metallosupramolecular polymers by incorporating metal coordinating ligand into poly(L-lactic acid) block. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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5
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Tunable polymorphic crystal modification, phase transition and biodegradability of poly(1,4-butylene adipate) by a bio-derived metabolite with low molecular weight. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Gorbunova MA, Komov EV, Grunin LY, Ivanova MS, Abukaev AF, Imamutdinova AM, Ivanov DA, Anokhin DV. The effect of separation of blocks on the crystallization kinetics and phase composition of poly(butylene adipate) in multi-block thermoplastic polyurethanes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:902-913. [PMID: 34909809 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04684e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The influence of the hard segment nature on the crystallization kinetics of multi-block thermoplastic polyurethanes containing poly(butylene adipate) (PBA) as a soft segment was investigated. Using a combination of FTIR spectroscopy, time-domain 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (TD-NMR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), fast-scanning calorimetry (FSC) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXS), it was shown that aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and aromatic diisocyanates affect the phase separation efficiency of soft and hard segments. The best phase separation efficiency was observed for a sample containing aliphatic diisocyanate due to the development of a hydrogen bond network. The thermal history, phase separation and the degree of ordering of the polyurethane determine the polymorphic behavior of melt-crystallized PBA. The formation of a partially-ordered mesophase of linear aliphatic polyurethane leads to an increase in the crystallization rate of PBA at room temperature and the formation of thermodynamically stable α-crystals. The presence of bulk cycloaliphatic and aromatic diol-urethane fragments prevents the phase separation of PBA, which crystallizes after slow cooling in a mixture of α- and β-crystalline forms. The new nanocalorimetry technique allows the identification of a direct correlation between the phase separation and crystallization kinetics of the melt-crystallized PBA in a wide range of cooling rates - from 2 to 30 000 K s-1. Particularly, ultra-fast cooling suppresses the nucleation of the β-phase of PBA resulting in slow crystallization of only α-modification at room temperature. The role of the polyurethane mesophase in the crystallization of the soft segment was discussed for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A Gorbunova
- Institute for Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Semenov Prospect 1, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia. .,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Evgenii V Komov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Leonid Yu Grunin
- Volga State University of Technology, Lenin sq. 3, 424000, Yoshkar-Ola, Russia
| | - Mariya S Ivanova
- Volga State University of Technology, Lenin sq. 3, 424000, Yoshkar-Ola, Russia
| | - Ainur F Abukaev
- Institute for Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Semenov Prospect 1, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia. .,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy per. 9, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | | | - Dimitri A Ivanov
- Institute for Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Semenov Prospect 1, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia. .,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia. .,Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse, CNRS UMR 7361, 15 Jean Starcky, F-68057 Mulhouse, France.,Sirius University of Science and Technology, 1 Olympic Ave, 354340, Sochi, Russia
| | - Denis V Anokhin
- Institute for Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Semenov Prospect 1, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia. .,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia. .,Sirius University of Science and Technology, 1 Olympic Ave, 354340, Sochi, Russia
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Dependence of Crystallization Behavior of Interacting Telechelic Poly(butylene succinate) Oligomer on Molecular Weight. CRYSTALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst11121530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A large spherulite structure deteriorates the mechanical properties of crystalline polymers, and therefore various methods have been explored to increase primary nucleation density. Recently, chain-end modification has been proposed as an effective approach for regulating polymer crystal nucleation. However, the relevant nucleation mechanism still requires investigation. Therefore, in this work, 2-ureido-4[1H]-pyrimidinone (UPy) units, which can form stacks via quadruple hydrogen bonds with each other, are introduced as end groups for the preparation of interacting telechelic poly(butylene succinate) (PBS-UPy) oligomers with different molecular weights (Mns). The crystallization, especially the nucleation behavior of PBS-UPy, is studied in detail by comparing with the corresponding pre-polymer, the hydroxyl-terminal PBS (PBS-OH). The thermal properties of PBS-UPy exhibit similar Mn-dependent tendency to those of PBS-OH, but with weaker total crystallization rate. The spherulite growth rate is significantly reduced, whereas the primary nucleation density is highly promoted, after introducing UPy groups. Further investigation reveals that the mechanism of UPy stacks’ influence on nucleation ability changes from inhibition to promotion with respect to Mn. Even under an inhibition of nucleation ability, the final nucleation density is obviously increased because of a significant decline of the growth rate. In addition, the change in the impact of UPy stacks on nucleation ability is speculated to originate from the memory expression feasibility of ordered conformation in the melt during crystallization.
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Wang J, Bao J, Zhou J, Li X, Zhang X, Chen W. Effects of physical aging on the self‐healing, shape memory, and crystallization behaviors of hydrogen‐bonded supramolecular polymers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiantao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
| | - Jianna Bao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
| | - Jiale Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
| | - Xianming Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
| | - Wenxing Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
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Zheng Y, Yu C, Bao Y, Shan G, Pan P. Temperature-dependent crystal structure and structural evolution of poly(glycolide-co-lactide) induced by comonomeric defect inclusion/exclusion. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Hall KW, Percec S, Shinoda W, Klein ML. Chain-End Modification: A Starting Point for Controlling Polymer Crystal Nucleation. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Wm. Hall
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
- Institute for Computational Molecular Science, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Simona Percec
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Wataru Shinoda
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Michael L. Klein
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
- Institute for Computational Molecular Science, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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12
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Hohl DK, Balog S, Cappelletti C, Karasu F, Weder C. Crystallizable Supramolecular Polymers: Binding Motif and Processing Matter. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Kay Hohl
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Sandor Balog
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Cappelletti
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Feyza Karasu
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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Li X, Dong X, Zhou J, Bao J, Chen S, Lu W, Zhang X, Chen W. Confined crystallization and melting behaviors of poly(ethylene glycol) end‐functionalized by hydrogen bonding groups: Effect of contents for functional units. POLYMER CRYSTALLIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pcr2.10158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
| | - Xiaolei Dong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
| | - Jiale Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
| | - Jianna Bao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
| | - Shichang Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
| | - Wangyang Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
| | - Xianming Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
| | - Wenxing Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
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Zheng Y, Pan P. Crystallization of biodegradable and biobased polyesters: Polymorphism, cocrystallization, and structure-property relationship. Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Chen CW, Hsu TS, Rwei SP. Isothermal Kinetics of Poly(butylene adipate- co-butylene itaconate) Copolyesters with Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:3080-3089. [PMID: 32095731 PMCID: PMC7033981 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A series of aliphatic copolyesters, poly(butylene adipate-co-butylene itaconate) (PBABI), have been synthesized using melt polycondensation of adipic acid (AA), itaconic acid (IA), 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BDO), and the tetra-functional group of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA, 0.1 mol %) to form partially cross-linking density as novel thermoplastic unsaturated copolyesters in our previous research. The crystal phase of PBABI copolyesters tended to prefer thermodynamics in the presence of a small amount of EDTA. The isothermal crystallization analysis revealed that the PBABI with EDTA exhibited a higher crystallization rate and a shorter half-time of crystallization than neat PBABI copolyesters. All of the sizes of spherulite/sheet crystals in the BA/BI = 9/1 are smaller than at BA/BI = 10/0 with or without a cross-linking agent, which demonstrated that the morphology behavior tended to form a small sheet crystal in the presence of 10 mol % IA, which played a dominant role in determining the average size of the crystal. These results deepen our understanding of the relationship among the cross-linking agent, the crystal form, and solidification time in PBABI copolyesters, making these kinds of polymers applicable to reinforce three-dimensional (3D) air-permeable polyester-based smart textiles.
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Multiple amides derivative-nucleated poly(1,4-butylene adipate) polyester: Tailored temperature-dependent polymorphism, crystal morphology and phase transition. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.122088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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