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Doran I, Hölsch N, Beyer M, Merkt F. Zero-Quantum-Defect Method and the Fundamental Vibrational Interval of H_{2}^{+}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:073001. [PMID: 38427875 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.073001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The fundamental vibrational interval of H_{2}^{+} has been determined to be ΔG_{1/2}=2191.126 614(17) cm^{-1} by continuous-wave laser spectroscopy of Stark manifolds of Rydberg states of H_{2} with the H_{2}^{+} ion core in the ground and first vibrationally excited states. Extrapolation of the Stark shifts to zero field yields the zero-quantum-defect positions -R_{H_{2}}/n^{2}, from which ionization energies can be determined. Our new result represents a 4-order-of-magnitude improvement compared to earlier measurements. It agrees, within the experimental uncertainty, with the value of 2191.126 626 344(17)(100) cm^{-1} determined in nonrelativistic quantum electrodynamic calculations [V. Korobov, L. Hilico and J.-Ph. Karr, Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 233001 (2017)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.118.233001].
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Affiliation(s)
- I Doran
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - N Hölsch
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Beyer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F Merkt
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Quantum Center, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Saly E, Ferenc D, Mátyus E. Pre-Born–Oppenheimer energies, leading-order relativistic and QED corrections for electronically excited states of molecular hydrogen. Mol Phys 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2022.2163714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Saly
- Institute of Chemistry, ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dávid Ferenc
- Institute of Chemistry, ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edit Mátyus
- Institute of Chemistry, ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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3
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Yu MY, Liu QH, Cheng CF, Hu SM. Cavity-enhanced double resonance spectroscopy of HD. Mol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2022.2127382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M.-Y. Yu
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Q.-H. Liu
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - C.-F. Cheng
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - S.-M. Hu
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People's Republic of China
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4
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Mátyus E, Ferenc D. Vibronic mass computation for the EF– GK– H 1Σ g+ manifold of molecular hydrogen. Mol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2022.2074905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edit Mátyus
- Institute of Chemistry, ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dávid Ferenc
- Institute of Chemistry, ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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5
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Siłkowski M, Pachucki K. Born–Oppenheimer potentials for Π, Δ, and Φ states of the hydrogen molecule. Mol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2022.2062471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Hussels J, Cheng C, Salumbides EJ, Ubachs W. Chirp-compensated pulsed titanium-sapphire laser system for precision spectroscopy. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:5909-5912. [PMID: 33137030 DOI: 10.1364/ol.401703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Active frequency-chirp control for a narrowband pulsed titanium-sapphire laser oscillator-amplifier laser system is demonstrated using an intra-cavity electro-optic modulator, resulting in improved spectral resolution and stability. Beat-note measurements of its output to a continuous-wave laser locked to an optical frequency comb yields an Allan deviation of 5×10-11 (at 10 s). Correction of residual chirp from a comparison with the fourth-harmonic upconverted pulsed output to a molecular H2 two-photon resonance delivers a value for the uncertainty contribution due to frequency chirp below the 1.5×10-10 level.
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Trivikram TM, Salumbides EJ, Jungen C, Ubachs W. Excitation of H 2 at large internuclear separation: outer well states and continuum resonances. Mol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2019.1599457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. M. Trivikram
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E. J. Salumbides
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ch. Jungen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - W. Ubachs
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Beyer M, Hölsch N, Hussels J, Cheng CF, Salumbides EJ, Eikema KSE, Ubachs W, Jungen C, Merkt F. Determination of the Interval between the Ground States of Para- and Ortho-H_{2}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:163002. [PMID: 31702363 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.163002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear-spin-symmetry conservation makes the observation of transitions between quantum states of ortho- and para-H_{2} extremely challenging. Consequently, the energy-level structure of H_{2} derived from experiment consists of two disjoint sets of level energies, one for para-H_{2} and the other for ortho-H_{2}. We use a new measurement of the ionization energy of para-H_{2} [E_{I}(H_{2})/(hc)=124 417.491 098(31) cm^{-1}] to determine the energy separation [118.486 770(50) cm^{-1}] between the ground states of para- and ortho-H_{2} and thus link the energy-level structure of the two nuclear-spin isomers of this fundamental molecule. Comparison with recent theoretical results [M. Puchalski et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 103003 (2019)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.122.103003] enables the derivation of an upper bound of 1.5 MHz for a hypothetical global shift of the energy-level structure of ortho-H_{2} with respect to that of para-H_{2}.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Beyer
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - N Hölsch
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - J Hussels
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C-F Cheng
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - E J Salumbides
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - K S E Eikema
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - W Ubachs
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ch Jungen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - F Merkt
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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Hölsch N, Beyer M, Salumbides EJ, Eikema KSE, Ubachs W, Jungen C, Merkt F. Benchmarking Theory with an Improved Measurement of the Ionization and Dissociation Energies of H_{2}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:103002. [PMID: 30932670 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.103002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The dissociation energy of H_{2} represents a benchmark quantity to test the accuracy of first-principles calculations. We present a new measurement of the energy interval between the EF ^{1}Σ_{g}^{+}(v=0,N=1) state and the 54p1_{1} Rydberg state of H_{2}. When combined with previously determined intervals, this new measurement leads to an improved value of the dissociation energy D_{0}^{N=1} of ortho-H_{2} that has, for the first time, reached a level of uncertainty that is 3 times smaller than the contribution of about 1 MHz resulting from the finite size of the proton. The new result of 35 999.582 834(11) cm^{-1} is in remarkable agreement with the theoretical result of 35 999.582 820(26) cm^{-1} obtained in calculations including high-order relativistic and quantum-electrodynamics corrections, as reported in the following Letter [M. Puchalski, J. Komasa, P. Czachorowski, and K. Pachucki, Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 103003 (2019)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.122.103003]. This agreement resolves a recent discrepancy between experiment and theory that had hindered a possible use of the dissociation energy of H_{2} in the context of the current controversy on the charge radius of the proton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Hölsch
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH-Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian Beyer
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH-Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Edcel J Salumbides
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kjeld S E Eikema
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Ubachs
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Jungen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT United Kingdom
| | - Frédéric Merkt
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH-Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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