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Li G, Iakunkov A, Boulanger N, Lazar OA, Enachescu M, Grimm A, Talyzin AV. Activated carbons with extremely high surface area produced from cones, bark and wood using the same procedure. RSC Adv 2023; 13:14543-14553. [PMID: 37188252 PMCID: PMC10177221 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00820g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Activated carbons have been previously produced from a huge variety of biomaterials often reporting advantages of using certain precursors. Here we used pine cones, spruce cones, larch cones and a pine bark/wood chip mixture to produce activated carbons in order to verify the influence of the precursor on properties of the final materials. The biochars were converted into activated carbons with extremely high BET surface area up to ∼3500 m2 g-1 (among the highest reported) using identical carbonization and KOH activation procedures. The activated carbons produced from all precursors demonstrated similar specific surface area (SSA), pore size distribution and performance to electrodes in supercapacitors. Activated carbons produced from wood waste appeared to be also very similar to "activated graphene" prepared by the same KOH procedure. Hydrogen sorption of AC follows expected uptake vs. SSA trends and energy storage parameters of supercapacitor electrodes prepared from AC are very similar for all tested precursors. It can be concluded that the type of precursor (biomaterial or reduced graphene oxide) has smaller importance for producing high surface area activated carbons compared to details of carbonization and activation. Nearly all kinds of wood waste provided by the forest industry can possibly be converted into high quality AC suitable for preparation of electrode materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui Li
- Department of Physics, Umeå University Umeå SE-90187 Sweden
| | - Artem Iakunkov
- Department of Physics, Umeå University Umeå SE-90187 Sweden
| | | | - Oana Andreea Lazar
- Center for Surface Science and Nanotechnology, University Politehnica of Bucharest Splaiul Independentei 313 Bucharest 060032 Romania
| | - Marius Enachescu
- Center for Surface Science and Nanotechnology, University Politehnica of Bucharest Splaiul Independentei 313 Bucharest 060032 Romania
| | - Alejandro Grimm
- Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, Biomass Technology Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå SE-901 83 Sweden
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Sun J, Sadd M, Edenborg P, Grönbeck H, Thiesen PH, Xia Z, Quintano V, Qiu R, Matic A, Palermo V. Real-time imaging of Na + reversible intercalation in "Janus" graphene stacks for battery applications. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/22/eabf0812. [PMID: 34049889 PMCID: PMC8163079 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf0812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Sodium, in contrast to other metals, cannot intercalate in graphite, hindering the use of this cheap, abundant element in rechargeable batteries. Here, we report a nanometric graphite-like anode for Na+ storage, formed by stacked graphene sheets functionalized only on one side, termed Janus graphene. The asymmetric functionalization allows reversible intercalation of Na+, as monitored by operando Raman spectroelectrochemistry and visualized by imaging ellipsometry. Our Janus graphene has uniform pore size, controllable functionalization density, and few edges; it can store Na+ differently from graphite and stacked graphene. Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that Na+ preferably rests close to -NH2 group forming synergic ionic bonds to graphene, making the interaction process energetically favorable. The estimated sodium storage up to C6.9Na is comparable to graphite for standard lithium ion batteries. Given such encouraging Na+ reversible intercalation behavior, our approach provides a way to design carbon-based materials for sodium ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Sun
- Materials and Manufacture, Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Matthew Sadd
- Materials Physics, Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Philip Edenborg
- Department of Physics and Competence Centre for Catalysis, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Grönbeck
- Department of Physics and Competence Centre for Catalysis, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Peter H Thiesen
- Accurion GmbH, Stresemannstraße 30, Göttingen 37079, Germany
| | - Zhenyuan Xia
- Materials and Manufacture, Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Vanesa Quintano
- Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ren Qiu
- Microstructure Physics, Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Aleksandar Matic
- Materials Physics, Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Vincenzo Palermo
- Materials and Manufacture, Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden.
- Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
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Sun J, Hwang JY, Jankowski P, Xiao L, Sanchez JS, Xia Z, Lee S, Talyzin AV, Matic A, Palermo V, Sun YK, Agostini M. Critical Role of Functional Groups Containing N, S, and O on Graphene Surface for Stable and Fast Charging Li-S Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2007242. [PMID: 33719216 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202007242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are considered one of the most promising energy storage technologies, possibly replacing the state-of-the-art lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries owing to their high energy density, low cost, and eco-compatibility. However, the migration of high-order lithium polysulfides (LiPs) to the lithium surface and the sluggish electrochemical kinetics pose challenges to their commercialization. The interactions between the cathode and LiPs can be enhanced by the doping of the carbon host with heteroatoms, however with relatively low doping content (<10%) in the bulk of the carbon, which can hardly interact with LiPs at the host surface. In this study, the grafting of versatile functional groups with designable properties (e.g., catalytic effects) directly on the surface of the carbon host is proposed to enhance interactions with LiPs. As model systems, benzene groups containing N/O and S/O atoms are vertically grafted and uniformly distributed on the surface of expanded reduced graphene oxide, fostering a stable interface between the cathode and LiPs. The combination of experiments and density functional theory calculations demonstrate improvements in chemical interactions between graphene and LiPs, with an enhancement in the electrochemical kinetics, power, and energy densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Sun
- Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, 41296, Sweden
| | - Jang-Yeon Hwang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Piotr Jankowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, 00-664, Poland
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Linhong Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, 90187, Sweden
| | - Jaime S Sanchez
- Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, 41296, Sweden
| | - Zhenyuan Xia
- Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, 41296, Sweden
- Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), CNR, via Gobetti 101, Bologna, 40129, Italy
| | - Suyeong Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | | | - Aleksandar Matic
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, 41296, Sweden
| | - Vincenzo Palermo
- Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, 41296, Sweden
- Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), CNR, via Gobetti 101, Bologna, 40129, Italy
| | - Yang-Kook Sun
- Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Marco Agostini
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, 41296, Sweden
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Chuvikov SV, Berdonosova EA, Krautsou A, Kostina JV, Minin VV, Ugolkova EA, Klyamkin SN. Peculiarities of high-pressure hydrogen adsorption on Pt catalyzed Cu-BTC metal-organic framework. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:4277-4286. [PMID: 33587047 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03900d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen adsorption ability is a key parameter characterizing advanced porous materials. Herein, the influence of platinum catalyst on the interaction of Cu-BTC with hydrogen is thoroughly investigated using volumetric measurements, calorimetric titration, XRD, and IR- and EPR spectroscopy. The first hydrogen adsorption by the Cu-BTC + Pt/C composite leads to an irreversible chemical reaction related to the formation of structural defects during synthesis. This process results in a partial reduction of Cu2+ to Cu0 and is accompanied by a decrease in the specific surface area and the appearance of additional mesopores. The following hydrogen adsorption-desorption cycles are completely reversible and reproducible. Besides, the Pt-containing material maintains a positive trend in excess adsorption up to ultra-high pressures in contrast with pristine Cu-BTC. Above 300-400 bars, it demonstrates a significant superiority in hydrogen capacity over the catalyst-free MOF. The possible nature of such a peculiar phenomenon is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Chuvikov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry, Moscow, Russia.
| | - E A Berdonosova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry, Moscow, Russia.
| | - A Krautsou
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry, Moscow, Russia.
| | - J V Kostina
- Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - V V Minin
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - E A Ugolkova
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - S N Klyamkin
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry, Moscow, Russia.
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Iakunkov A, Skrypnychuk V, Nordenström A, Shilayeva EA, Korobov M, Prodana M, Enachescu M, Larsson SH, V Talyzin A. Activated graphene as a material for supercapacitor electrodes: effects of surface area, pore size distribution and hydrophilicity. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:17901-17912. [PMID: 31380541 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03327k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Activated reduced graphene oxide (a-rGO) is a material with a rigid 3D porous structure and high specific surface area (SSA). Using variation of activation parameters and post-synthesis mechanical treatment we prepared two sets of materials with a broad range of BET (N2) SSA ∼1000-3000 m2 g-1, and significant differences in pore size distribution and oxygen content. The performance of activated graphene as an electrode in a supercapacitor with KOH electrolyte was correlated with the structural parameters of the materials and water sorption properties. a-rGO is a hydrophobic material as evidenced by the negligibly small BET (H2O) SSA determined using analysis of water vapor sorption isotherms. However, the total pore volume determined using water vapor sorption and sorption of liquid water is almost the same as the one found by analysis of nitrogen sorption isotherms. Ball milling is found to provide an improved bulk density of activated graphene and collapse of all pores except the smallest ones (<2 nm). A decrease in the activation temperature from 850 °C to 550 °C is found to result in materials with a narrow micropore size distribution and increased oxygen content. Elimination of mesopores using ball milling or a lower activation temperature provided materials with better specific capacitance despite a significant decrease (by ∼30%) of the BET (N2) SSA. The best gravimetric and volumetric capacitances in KOH electrolyte were achieved not for samples with the highest value of the BET (N2) SSA but for materials with 80-90% of the total pore volume in micropores and an increased BET (H2O) SSA. Comparing the performance of electrodes prepared using rGO and a-rGO shows that a more hydrophilic surface is favorable for charge storage in supercapacitors with KOH electrolyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Iakunkov
- Department of Physics, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87, Sweden.
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