1
|
Campbell AD, Ellis K, Gordon LK, Riley JE, Le V, Hollister KK, Ajagbe SO, Gozem S, Hughley RB, Boswell AM, Adjei-Sah O, Baruah PD, Malone R, Whitt LM, Gilliard RJ, Saint-Louis CJ. Solvatochromic and Aggregation-Induced Emission Active Nitrophenyl-Substituted Pyrrolidinone-Fused-1,2-Azaborine with a Pre-Twisted Molecular Geometry. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. C 2023; 11:13740-13751. [PMID: 38855717 PMCID: PMC11160477 DOI: 10.1039/d3tc03278g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Boron-nitrogen-containing heterocycles with extended conjugated π-systems such as polycyclic aromatic 1,2-azaborines, hold the fascination of organic chemists due to their unique optoelectronic properties. However, the majority of polycyclic aromatic 1,2-azaborines aggregate at high concentrations or in the solid-state, resulting in aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) of emission. This practical limitation poses significant challenges for polycyclic aromatic 1,2-azaborines' use in many applications. Additionally, only a few solvatochromic polycyclic aromatic 1,2-azaborines have been reported and they all display minimal solvatochromism. Therefore, the scope of available polycyclic 1,2-azaborines needs to be expanded to include those displaying fluorescence at high concentration and in the solid-state as well as those that exhibit significant changes in emission intensity in various solvents due to different polarities. To address the ACQ issue, we evaluate the effect of a pre-twisted molecular geometry on the optoelectronic properties of polycyclic aromatic 1,2-azaborines. Specifically, three phenyl-substituted pyrrolidinone-fused 1,2-azaborines (PFAs) with similar structures and functionalized with diverse electronic moieties (-H, -NO2, -CN, referred to as PFA 1, 2, and 3, respectively) were experimentally and computationally studied. Interestingly, PFA 2 displays two distinct emission properties: 1) solvatochromism, in which its emission and quantum yields are tunable with respect to solvent polarity, and 2) fluorescence that can be completely "turned off" and "turned on" via aggregation-induced emission (AIE). This report provides the first example of a polycyclic aromatic 1,2-azaborine that displays both AIE and solvatochromism properties in a single BN-substituted backbone. According to time-dependent density function theory (TD-DFT) calculations, the fluorescence properties of PFA 2 can be explained by the presence of a low-lying n-π* charge transfer state inaccessible to PFA 1 or PFA 3. These findings will help in the design of future polycyclic aromatic 1,2-azaborines that are solvatochromic and AIE-active as well as in understanding how molecular geometry affects these compounds' optoelectronic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albert D Campbell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, United States
| | - Kaia Ellis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, United States
| | - Lyric K Gordon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, United States
| | - Janiyah E Riley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, United States
| | - VuongVy Le
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, United States
| | - Kimberly K Hollister
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States
| | - Stephen O Ajagbe
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302, United States
| | - Samer Gozem
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302, United States
| | - Robert B Hughley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, United States
| | - Adeline M Boswell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, United States
| | - Ophelia Adjei-Sah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, United States
| | - Prioska D Baruah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, United States
| | - Ra'Nya Malone
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, United States
| | - Logan M Whitt
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, 35487, United States
| | - Robert J Gilliard
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States
| | - Carl Jacky Saint-Louis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abdollahi MF, Zhao Y. Donor-Acceptor Fluorophores and Macrocycles Built Upon Wedge-Shaped π-Extended Phenanthroimidazoles. J Org Chem 2023; 88:3451-3465. [PMID: 36862080 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
A class of wedge-shaped organic π-fluorophores featuring a 6,9-diphenyl-substituted phenanthroimidazole (PI) core was designed, synthesized, and characterized. Among them, a π-extended PI derivative containing two electron-withdrawing aldehyde groups was found to exhibit versatile solid-state packing properties as well as strong solvatofluorochromism in different organic solvents. Another PI derivative that was functionalized with two electron-donating 1,4-dithiafulvenyl (DTF) end groups showed versatile redox reactivities and quenched fluorescence. Treatment of this wedge-shaped bis(DTF)-PI compound with iodine resulted in oxidative coupling reactions, leading to the formation of intriguing macrocyclic products that carry redox-active tetrathiafulvalene vinylogue (TTFV) moieties in their structures. Mixing the bis(DTF)-PI derivative with fullerene (C60 or C70) in an organic solvent resulted in substantial fluorescence enhancement (turn-on). In this process, fullerene acted as a photosensitizer to generate singlet oxygen, which in turn induced oxidative C = C bond cleavages and converted nonfluorescent bis(DTF)-PI into highly fluorescent dialdehyde-substituted PI. Treatment of TTFV-PI macrocycles with a small amount of fullerene also led to a moderate degree of fluorescence enhancement, but this is not because of photosensitized oxidative cleavage reactions. Instead, competitive photoinduced electron transfer from TTFV to fullerene can be attributed to their fluorescence turn-on behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam F Abdollahi
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University, Core Science Facility, 45 Arctic Avenue, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Yuming Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University, Core Science Facility, 45 Arctic Avenue, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shaydullin RR, Galushko AS, Pentsak EO, Korshunov VM, Taydakov IV, Gordeev EG, Minyaev ME, Nasyrova DI, Ananikov VP. Yellow to blue switching of fluorescence by the tuning of the pentaphenylphosphole structure: phosphorus electronic state vs. ring conjugation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:25307-25315. [PMID: 36226548 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03723h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between diphenylacetylene and dichlorophenylphosphine under various conditions is a simple method for the preparation of pentaphenylphosphole derivatives exhibiting fluorescence properties. Depending on the electronic state of the various centers of the phospholic structure, it was possible to obtain molecules with fluorescence, as in the blue area for 1,2,3,4,5-pentaphenyl-2,5-dihydro-phosphole-1-oxide (H2PPPO), in the yellow area for 1,2,3,4,5-pentaphenylphosphole-1-oxide (PPPO) and in the cyan area for 1,2,3,4,5-pentaphenylphosphole (PPP). The effect of the structure and π-conjugation on the optical properties of these compounds was studied using PPP derivatives as examples. Unusual changes in the optical properties of PPP derivatives in solution and in the crystalline state are explained. In the case of agglomeration of PPPO and PPP molecules, the effect of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) was observed to have weak fluorescence in solution and strong fluorescence in the aggregated state. However, for H2PPPO, the AIE effect remains mild. With the help of experimental studies, supported by theoretical calculations, the main mechanism of the optical properties of pentaphenylphosphole derivatives has been revealed. It was observed that the intramolecular motions of PPPO and PPP are more limited in the solid state than the motions of H2PPPO, which is associated with less conjugation of the phenyl rotors of H2PPPO. The analysis of the structure and distribution of electron density showed why hydrogenation of the phosphole ring leads to a sharp change in the optical properties of pentaphenylphosphole derivatives, while the oxidation of phosphorus does not lead to the disappearance of the AIE effect and to a lesser extent affects the change in the fluorescence wavelength. Thus, it was shown how the regulation of various structural features of the phospholic ring helps to control the optical properties of such compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan R Shaydullin
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Alexey S Galushko
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Evgeniy O Pentsak
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Vladislav M Korshunov
- Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Ilya V Taydakov
- Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Evgeniy G Gordeev
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Mikhail E Minyaev
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Darina I Nasyrova
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Younis O, Al-Hossainy AF, Sayed M, Kamal El-dean AM, Tolba MS. Synthesis and intriguing single-component white-light emission from oxadiazole or thiadiazole integrated with coumarin luminescent core. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.113992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
5
|
Gayathri P, Subramaniyan SB, Veerappan A, Anwarhussaini S, Jayanty S, Pannipara M, Al-Sehemi AG, Moon D, Anthony SP. Dark to bright fluorescence state by inter-connecting fluorophores: concentration-dependent blue to NIR emission and live cell imaging applications. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj03457c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Interconnected AIEgens produced concentration dependent tunable emission from blue to NIR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parthasarathy Gayathri
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur – 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Siva Bala Subramaniyan
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur – 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anbazhagan Veerappan
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur – 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Syed Anwarhussaini
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani-Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad – 500078, India
| | - Subbalakshmi Jayanty
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani-Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad – 500078, India
| | - Mehboobali Pannipara
- Department of chemistry, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Research center for Advanced Materials Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah G. Al-Sehemi
- Department of chemistry, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Research center for Advanced Materials Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dohyun Moon
- Beamline Department, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, 80 Jigokro-127beongil, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nagarasu P, Kundu A, Thiruvenkatam V, Raghavaiah P, Anthony SP, Madhu V. Investigating the structure–fluorescence properties of tetraphenylethylene fused imidazole AIEgens: reversible mechanofluorochromism and polymer matrix controlled fluorescence tuning. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00561h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of stimuli-responsive AIEgens of tetraphenylethylene (TPE) fused imidazole derivatives (1–7) were synthesized, and their substituent controlled fluorescence properties in the solid state were explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Palaniyappan Nagarasu
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences
- Coimbatore – 641114
- India
| | - Anu Kundu
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology
- SASTRA University
- Thanjavur-613401
- India
| | - Vijay Thiruvenkatam
- Discipline of Biological Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar
- Gandhinagar
- India
| | - Pallepogu Raghavaiah
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Department of Chemistry
- Central University of Karnataka
- Kalaburagi-585367
- India
| | | | - Vedichi Madhu
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences
- Coimbatore – 641114
- India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gayathri P, Nag P, Anand N, Vennapusa SR, Pannipara M, Al-Sehemi AG, Moon D, Anthony SP. Molecular conformational twist-controlled wide fluorescence tuning and white light emission in a single fluorophore via halochromism. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04911a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Conformational differences-controlled fluorescence response of carbazole and triphenylamine appended cyano-pyridine donor–acceptor derivatives towards organic acids (TFA/PTSA).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parthasarathy Gayathri
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur – 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Probal Nag
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala – 695551, India
| | - Neethu Anand
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala – 695551, India
| | - Sivaranjana Reddy Vennapusa
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala – 695551, India
| | - Mehboobali Pannipara
- Department of Chemistry, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah G. Al-Sehemi
- Department of Chemistry, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dohyun Moon
- Beamline Department, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, 80 Jigokro-127beongil, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gayathri P, Pannipara M, Al-Sehemi AG, Anthony SP. Triphenylamine-based stimuli-responsive solid state fluorescent materials. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj00588f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Molecular engineering of triphenylamine (TPA) units produced multi-stimuli-responsive solid state fluorescent materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parthsarathy Gayathri
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology
- SASTRA Deemed University
- Thanjavur-613401
- India
| | - Mehboobali Pannipara
- Department of Chemistry
- King Khalid University
- Abha 61413
- Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science
| | - Abdullah G. Al-Sehemi
- Department of Chemistry
- King Khalid University
- Abha 61413
- Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abe I, Han M. Green-light-induced melting of self-assembled azobenzene nano/microstructures. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj05084a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nano/microstructures assembled from trigonal molecules with three ortho-dialkylated azobenzene wings exhibit green-light-induced melting, color tuning and fluorescence switching.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ikue Abe
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Tottori University
- Tottori 680-8552
- Japan
| | - Mina Han
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Tottori University
- Tottori 680-8552
- Japan
- Department of Chemistry Education
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Anandhan K, Cerón M, Perumal V, Ceballos P, Gordillo-Guerra P, Pérez-Gutiérrez E, Castillo AE, Thamotharan S, Percino MJ. Solvatochromism and pH effect on the emission of a triphenylimidazole-phenylacrylonitrile derivative: experimental and DFT studies. RSC Adv 2019; 9:12085-12096. [PMID: 35517007 PMCID: PMC9063490 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra01275c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a study of the photophysical properties in different solvents and at different pH values of a luminogenic compound with a donor–π–acceptor (D–π–A) structure was carried out. The compound (Z)-3-(4-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenyl)-2-phenylacrylonitrile (2) was synthesized and characterized by SCXRD, FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, EIMS, UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence. The SCXRD characterization reveals a monoclinic system, P21/c, with Z = 4 and an imidazole core having hydrogen bonding with respect to water molecules present in the asymmetric unit. It leads to a strong π–π-interaction in the solid state. The fluorescence λmax emission of the powder and thin film was observed at 563 nm and 540 nm respectively. Several degrees of positive solvatochromic fluorescence were observed due to different molecular conformations in various solvents. When the pH of the compound was changed with HCl or NaOH, a shift in the wavelength of emission was observed in a reversible manner. At pH 2, the λmax of emission was at 541 nm whereas at pH 14 there were two emissions at 561 nm and 671 nm. Due to their good emission in the solid state, compound 2 was tested as an emitting layer in OLEDs; the devices showed an acceptable performance with a luminance average of 450 cd m−2. The band gap was analyzed by optical absorption, cyclic voltammetry measurement and DFT calculations. The optical properties of an imidazole derivative were studied at various pH values and in solvents and the solid-state through experimental and DFT calculation.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karnambaram Anandhan
- Unidad de Polímeros y Electrónica Orgánica
- ICUAP
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla
- Pue
- Mexico 72960
| | - Margarita Cerón
- Unidad de Polímeros y Electrónica Orgánica
- ICUAP
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla
- Pue
- Mexico 72960
| | - Venkatesan Perumal
- Unidad de Polímeros y Electrónica Orgánica
- ICUAP
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla
- Pue
- Mexico 72960
| | - Paulina Ceballos
- Unidad de Polímeros y Electrónica Orgánica
- ICUAP
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla
- Pue
- Mexico 72960
| | - Paola Gordillo-Guerra
- Unidad de Polímeros y Electrónica Orgánica
- ICUAP
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla
- Pue
- Mexico 72960
| | - Enrique Pérez-Gutiérrez
- Unidad de Polímeros y Electrónica Orgánica
- ICUAP
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla
- Pue
- Mexico 72960
| | - Armando E. Castillo
- Unidad de Polímeros y Electrónica Orgánica
- ICUAP
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla
- Pue
- Mexico 72960
| | - Subbiah Thamotharan
- Biomolecular Crystallography Laboratory
- Department of Bioinformatics
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology
- SASTRA Deemed University
- Thanjavur 613 401
| | - M. Judith Percino
- Unidad de Polímeros y Electrónica Orgánica
- ICUAP
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla
- Pue
- Mexico 72960
| |
Collapse
|