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Nenavath S, Duvva N, Kaswan RR, Lim GN, D'Souza F, Giribabu L. Intramolecular Photoinduced Energy and Electron Transfer Reactions in Phenanthroimidazole-Boron Dipyromethane Donor-Acceptor Dyads. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:6779-6790. [PMID: 37540085 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c04141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Donor-acceptor systems in which a donor phenanthroimidazole (PhI) is directly connected to a BODIPY acceptor (Dyad1) and separated by an ethynyl bridge between PhI and BODIPY (Dyad2) have been designed, synthesized, and characterized by various spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques. Optical absorption and 1H NMR characteristics of both dyads with those of constituent individuals suggest that there exists a minimum π-π interaction between phenanthroimidazole and BODIPY. Quenched emission of both the dyads was observed when excited either at phenthaoimidazole absorption maxima or at BODIPY absorption maxima in all three investigated solvents. The detailed spectral analysis provided evidence for an intramolecular photoinduced excitation energy transfer (PEnT) from the singlet excited state of phenanthroimidazole to BODIPY and photoinduced electron transfer (PET) from the ground state of phenanthroimidazole to BODIPY. Transient absorption studies suggest that charge-separated species (PhI•+ - BODIPY•-) are generated at a rate constant of (1.16 ± 0.01) × 108 s-1 for the dyads Dyad1 and (5.15 ± 0.03) × 108 s-1 and for Dyad2 whereas energy transfer rate constants were much higher and were on the order of (1.1 ± 0.02) × 1010 s-1 and (1.6 ± 0.02) × 1010 s-1 for Dyad1 and Dyad2, respectively, signifying their usefulness in light energy harvesting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathi Nenavath
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Naresh Duvva
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Ram R Kaswan
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
| | - Gary N Lim
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
| | - Francis D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
| | - Lingamallu Giribabu
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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2
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Chi W, Sun PP. Restriction of photoinduced electron transfer as a mechanism for the aggregation-induced emission of a trityl-functionalised maleimide fluorophore. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:4193-4200. [PMID: 36655773 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05194j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The restriction of intramolecular motion (RIM) and restricted access to a conical intersection (RACI) have been accepted as general working mechanisms for aggregation-induced emission (AIE) phenomena. However, as the family of AIE molecules grows, the RIM and RACl mechanisms cannot be used to fully understand some AIE phenomena. Herein, the restriction of the photoinduced electron transfer (RPET) state is proposed to rationalize the AIE phenomena of trityl-functionalised maleimide molecule based on density functional theory calculations. The "state-crossing from a locally excited to an electron transfer state" (SLEET) model was employed to predict the ON/OFF molecular PET in solution and solid states. According to the SLEET model, we showed that a non-emissive electron transfer excited state leads to the fluorescence quenching of trityl-functionalised maleimide in solution. However, due to the reduced polarity of the environment in aggregates, the electron transfer state is thermodynamically inaccessible, and a low-lying locally excited state exhibits intense emission. These findings provide a theoretical foundation to understand the working mechanisms of AIE molecules and the design of new AIEgens. We expect that the RPET mechanism can be used to screen potential AIEgens using the SLEET model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Chi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Ping-Ping Sun
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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3
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Porolnik W, Kasprzycka M, Podciechowska K, Teubert A, Piskorz J. Synthesis and spectroscopic properties of novel dipyrrole and tetrapyrrole-based photosensitizers with various biphenylyl substituents. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.133088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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4
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Synthesis and photoinduced charge stabilization in molecular tetrads featuring covalently linked triphenylamine-oligothiophene-BODIPY-C60. J CHEM SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-021-01931-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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5
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Lee W, Zhan X, Palma J, Vestfrid J, Gross Z, Churchill DG. Minding our P-block and Q-bands: paving inroads into main group corrole research to help instil broader potential. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:4605-4641. [PMID: 33881055 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00105a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Main group chemistry is often considered less "dynamic" than transition metal (TM) chemistry because of predictable VSEPR-based central atom geometries, relatively slower redox switching and lack of electronic d-d transitions. However, we delineate what has been made possible with main group chemistry to give it its proper due and up-to-date treatment. The huge untapped potential regarding photophysical properties and functioning hereby spurred us to review a range of corrole reports addressing primarily photophysical trends, synthetic aspects, and important guidelines regarding substitution and inorganic principles. We also look at Ag and Au systems and also consider substitutions such as CF3, halogens, additives and also counterions. Throughout, as well as at the end of this review, we suggest various future directions; further future industrial catalytic and health science research is encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woohyun Lee
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Department of Chemistry, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Xuan Zhan
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.
| | - Jaymee Palma
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Department of Chemistry, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jenya Vestfrid
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel. and Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S3E5, Canada.
| | - Zeev Gross
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.
| | - David G Churchill
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Department of Chemistry, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea. and Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea and KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology (KIHST) (Therapeutic Bioengineering Section), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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6
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Chitta R, Badgurjar D, Reddy G, Jain K, Karla VR, Boligorla A, Giribabu L. Light-induced energy transfer followed by electron transfer in axially co-ordinated benzothiazole tethered zinc porphyrin-fullero[C60/C70]pyrrolidine triads. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424621500395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Benzothiazole (BTZ)-zinc porphyrin (ZnP) dyads, Dyad-1 and Dyad-2 connected together with two different spacers, ester and ethoxy esters, were synthesized and light induced energy and electron transfer events were investigated. Within these dyads, due to the spectral overlap of the BTZ emission with the ZnP absorption, a selective photoexcitation of BTZ at 325 nm resulted in the photo-induced energy transfer (PEnT) from 1BTZ* to ZnP displaying the quenching of the BTZ emission followed by the concurrent appearance of the ZnP emission at 600 and 650 nm suggesting the formation of the 1ZnP* [Formula: see text]. 1BTZ*-ZnP [Formula: see text] BTZ-1ZnP*. When the dyads are titrated with imidazole appended fullero[C[Formula: see text]/C[Formula: see text]]pyrrolidines, four supramolecular triads, involving the axial co-ordination of the imidazole to the zinc center of the ZnP, were formed and the assembly formation was systematically monitored by the optical absorption technique. Cyclic voltammetry and the density functional theory calculations have revealed that, in these triads, the zinc porphyrin acts as an electron donor and fullerene moiety as the electron acceptor. Steady state fluorescence studies revealed that, upon selective excitation of the ZnP moiety at 550 nm, the emission of ZnP at 600 and 650 nm was quenched revealing the occurrence of photo-induced electron transfer (PET) from 1ZnP* to fullerene moiety leading to the formation of charge separated state [Formula: see text]. BTZ-1ZnP* : (ImC[Formula: see text] BTZ-ZnP[Formula: see text]:(ImC[Formula: see text]. More importantly, when the supramolecular triads were excited at 325 nm, the wavelength at which the BTZ absorbs predominantly, the emission of the BTZ moiety which was quenched due to PEnT from 1BTZ* to ZnP followed by the PET from 1ZnP* to fullerene indicates the probability of occurrence of 1BTZ*-ZnP:(ImC[Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] BTZ-1ZnP*[Formula: see text]: (ImC[Formula: see text] BTZ-ZnP[Formula: see text]:(ImC[Formula: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghu Chitta
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences & Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Tehsil: Kishangarh, Dist. Ajmer, Rajasthan — 305817, India
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Hanamkona, Warangal — 506004, India
| | - Deepak Badgurjar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences & Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Tehsil: Kishangarh, Dist. Ajmer, Rajasthan — 305817, India
| | - Govind Reddy
- Polymer and Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Kanika Jain
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences & Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Tehsil: Kishangarh, Dist. Ajmer, Rajasthan — 305817, India
| | - Vijendar Reddy Karla
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Hanamkona, Warangal — 506004, India
| | - Anjaiah Boligorla
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Hanamkona, Warangal — 506004, India
| | - Lingamallu Giribabu
- Polymer and Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, New Delhi 201002, India
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7
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Flores JR, Castruita-De León G, Turlakov G, Arias E, Moggio I, Montemayor SM, Torres R, Ledezma R, Ziolo RF, González-Torres J. Dual Emission of meso-Phenyleneethynylene-BODIPY Oligomers: Synthesis, Photophysics, and Theoretical Optoelectronic Study. Chemistry 2021; 27:2493-2505. [PMID: 33119951 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Two series of 2,5-di(butoxy)phenyleneethynylenes, one halogenated (nPEC4-X; n=2, 3, or 4) and the other boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) terminated (nPEC4-By; n=3, 4, or 5; By=BODIPY), were synthesized monodirectionally by the step-by-step approach and the molecular structure was corroborated by NMR spectroscopy (1 H, 13 C-DEPTQ-135, COSY, HSQC, HMBC, 11 B, 19 F) and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The multiplicity and J-coupling constants of 1 H, 11 B, and 19 F/11 B NMR signals revealed, in the nPEC4-By series, that the phenyl in the meso position of BODIPY becomes electronically part of the conjugation of the phenyleneethynylene chain, whereas BODIPY is electronically isolated. The photophysical, electrochemical, and theoretical studies confirm this finding because the properties of nPEC4-By are comparable to those of the nPEC4-X oligomers and BODIPY, indicating negligible electron communication between BODIPY and the nPEC4 moieties. Nevertheless, energy transfer (ET) from nPEC4 to BODIPY was rationalized by spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. Its yield decreases with the nPEC4 conjugation length, according to the increase in distance between the two chromophores, resulting in dual emission for the longest oligomer in which ET is quenched.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Reyes Flores
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Blvd. Enrique Reyna Hermosillo 140, 25294, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Griselda Castruita-De León
- CONACYT-Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Blvd. Enrique Reyna Hermosillo 140, 25294, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Gleb Turlakov
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Blvd. Enrique Reyna Hermosillo 140, 25294, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Arias
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Blvd. Enrique Reyna Hermosillo 140, 25294, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Ivana Moggio
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Blvd. Enrique Reyna Hermosillo 140, 25294, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Sagrario M Montemayor
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Blvd. Enrique Reyna Hermosillo 140, 25294, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Román Torres
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Blvd. Enrique Reyna Hermosillo 140, 25294, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Raquel Ledezma
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Blvd. Enrique Reyna Hermosillo 140, 25294, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Ronald F Ziolo
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Blvd. Enrique Reyna Hermosillo 140, 25294, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Julio González-Torres
- Área de Física Atómica Molecular Aplicada (FAMA), Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Azcapotzalco CBI, Av. San Pablo 180, Col. Reynosa Tamaulipas, CD de México, C.P., 02200, Mexico
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8
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Gangadhar PS, Reddy G, Prasanthkumar S, Giribabu L. Phenothiazine functional materials for organic optoelectronic applications. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:14969-14996. [PMID: 34231592 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01185e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Phenothiazine (PTZ) is one of the most extensively investigated S, N heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons due to its unique optical, electronic properties, flexibility of functionalization, low cost, and commercial availability. Hence, PTZ and its derivative materials have been attractive in various optoelectronic applications in the last few years. In this prospective, we have focused on the most significant characteristics of PTZ and highlighted how the structural modifications such as different electron donors or acceptors, length of the π-conjugated system or spacers, polar or non-polar chains, and other functional groups influence the optoelectronic properties. This prospective provides a recent account of the advances in phenothiazine derivative materials as an active layer(s) for optoelectronic (viz. dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), perovskite solar cells (PSCs), organic solar cells (OSCs), organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic field-effect transistor (OFETs), chemosensing, nonlinear optical materials (NLOs), and supramolecular self-assembly applications. Finally, future prospects are discussed based on the structure-property relationship in PTZ-derivative materials. This overview will pave the way for researchers to design and develop new PTZ-functionalized structures and use them for various organic optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palivela Siva Gangadhar
- Polymers & Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, TS, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Govind Reddy
- Polymers & Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, TS, India.
| | - Seelam Prasanthkumar
- Polymers & Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, TS, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Lingamallu Giribabu
- Polymers & Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, TS, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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9
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Benitz A, Thomas MB, Silva I, Nesterov VN, Verbeck GF, D'Souza F. Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Axially Coordinated Supramolecular Zinc Tetrapyrrole Bis(styryl)BODIPY Donor‐Acceptor Conjugates. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202000221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Benitz
- Department of Chemistry University of North Texas 1155 Union Circle, #305070 Denton TX 76203–5017 USA
| | - Michael B. Thomas
- Department of Chemistry University of North Texas 1155 Union Circle, #305070 Denton TX 76203–5017 USA
| | - Imesha Silva
- Department of Chemistry University of North Texas 1155 Union Circle, #305070 Denton TX 76203–5017 USA
| | - Vladimir N. Nesterov
- Department of Chemistry University of North Texas 1155 Union Circle, #305070 Denton TX 76203–5017 USA
| | - Guido F. Verbeck
- Department of Chemistry University of North Texas 1155 Union Circle, #305070 Denton TX 76203–5017 USA
| | - Francis D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry University of North Texas 1155 Union Circle, #305070 Denton TX 76203–5017 USA
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Uthe B, Meares A, Ptaszek M, Pelton M. Solvent-dependent energy and charge transfer dynamics in hydroporphyrin-BODIPY arrays. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:074302. [PMID: 32828083 DOI: 10.1063/5.0012737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Arrays of hydroporphyrins with boron complexes of dipyrromethene (BODIPY) are a promising platform for biomedical imaging or solar energy conversion, but their photophysical properties have been relatively unexplored. In this paper, we use time-resolved fluorescence, femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, and density-functional-theory calculations to elucidate solvent-dependent energy and electron-transfer processes in a series of chlorin- and bacteriochlorin-BODIPY arrays. Excitation of the BODIPY moiety results in ultrafast energy transfer to the hydroporphyrin moiety, regardless of the solvent. In toluene, energy is most likely transferred via the through-space Förster mechanism from the S1 state of BODIPY to the S2 state of hydroporphyrin. In DMF, substantially faster energy transfer is observed, which implies a contribution of the through-bond Dexter mechanism. In toluene, excited hydroporphyrin components show bright fluorescence, with quantum yield and fluorescence lifetime comparable to those of the benchmark monomer, whereas in DMF, moderate to significant reduction of both quantum yield and fluorescence lifetime are observed. We attribute this quenching to photoinduced charge transfer from hydroporphyrin to BODIPY. No direct spectral signature of the charge-separated state is observed, which suggests that either (1) the charge-separated state decays very quickly to the ground state or (2) virtual charge-separated states, close in energy to S1 of hydroporphyrin, promote ultrafast internal conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Uthe
- Department of Physics, UMBC (University of Maryland, Baltimore County), 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
| | - Adam Meares
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UMBC (University of Maryland, Baltimore County), 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
| | - Marcin Ptaszek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UMBC (University of Maryland, Baltimore County), 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
| | - Matthew Pelton
- Department of Physics, UMBC (University of Maryland, Baltimore County), 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
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11
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Study on the triplet states of N-phenyl carbazoles. Transient spectra and singlet oxygen generation. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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12
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Ready Access to Molecular Rotors Based on Boron Dipyrromethene Dyes-Coumarin Dyads Featuring Broadband Absorption. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 25:molecules25040781. [PMID: 32059435 PMCID: PMC7070740 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report on a straightforward access method for boron dipyrromethene dyes (BODIPYs)-coumarin hybrids linked through their respective 8- and 6- positions, with wide functionalization of the coumarin fragment, using salicylaldehyde as a versatile building block. The computationally-assisted photophysical study unveils broadband absorption upon proper functionalization of the coumarin, as well as the key role of the conformational freedom of the coumarin appended at the meso position of the BODIPY. Such free motion almost suppresses the fluorescence signal, but enables us to apply these dyads as molecular rotors to monitor the surrounding microviscosity.
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Abstract
Difluoroboron-dipyrromethenes (BODIPYs) are highly popular fluorescent dyes with applications as NIR probes for bioimaging, fluorescent tags/sensors and as photosensitizers in cancer therapy and organic photovoltaics. This review concentrates on the synthesis and spectral properties of BODIPY dyes conjugated with carbazole heterocycle. The carbazole is an electron rich tricyclic compound and due to its excellent electronic properties, it is extensively used in the production of electroluminescent materials and polymers. This review highlights the recent progress made on the series of BODIPY derivatives containing carbazole ring at alpha, beta, and meso-positions of the BODIPY skeleton. Carbazole based hybrid BODIPYs, carbazole linked aza-BODIPYs and carbazole-fused BODIPYs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iti Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Praseetha E Kesavan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, India
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14
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Avellanal-Zaballa E, Ventura J, Gartzia-Rivero L, Bañuelos J, García-Moreno I, Uriel C, Gómez AM, Lopez JC. Towards Efficient and Photostable Red-Emitting Photonic Materials Based on Symmetric All-BODIPY-Triads, -Pentads, and -Hexads. Chemistry 2019; 25:14959-14971. [PMID: 31515840 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The development of efficient and stable red and near-IR emitting materials under hard radiation doses and/or prolonged times is a sought-after task due to their widespread applications in optoelectronics and biophotonics. To this aim, novel symmetric all-BODIPY-triads, -pentads, and -hexads have been designed and synthesized as light-harvesting arrays. These photonic materials are spectrally active in the 655-730 nm region and display high molar absorption across UV-visible region. Furthermore, they provide, to the best of our knowledge, the highest lasing efficiency (up to 68 %) and the highest photostability (tolerance >1300 GJ mol-1 ) in the near-IR spectral region ever recorded under drastic pumping conditions. Additionally, the modular synthetic strategy to access the cassettes allows the systematic study of their photonic behavior related to structural factors. Collectively, the outstanding behavior of these multichromophoric photonic materials provides the keystone for engineering multifunctional systems to expedite the next generation of effective red optical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Ventura
- Instituto de Química Organica General (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leire Gartzia-Rivero
- Dpto. Química Física, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Aptdo. 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jorge Bañuelos
- Dpto. Química Física, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Aptdo. 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | | | - Clara Uriel
- Instituto de Química Organica General (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M Gómez
- Instituto de Química Organica General (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Cristobal Lopez
- Instituto de Química Organica General (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
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Triplet BODIPY and AzaBODIPY Derived Donor‐acceptor Dyads: Competitive Electron Transfer versus Intersystem Crossing upon Photoexcitation. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201900189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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16
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Duvva N, Ramya AR, Reddy G, Giribabu L. Intramolecular electron transfer in porphyrin-anthraquinone donor–acceptor systems with varying molecular bridges. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619500287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Photoinduced electron transfer has been investigated in porphyrin anthraquinone (ZnTTP-AQ) donor–acceptor dyads having either ester (ZnTTP-AQ1) or ether (ZnTTP-AQ2) linkages. Both dyads were characterized by spectroscopic and electrochemical methods. Absorption spectra show absence of any ground state interaction between the porphyrin and anthraquinone moieties. The quenched fluoresence and lifetime indicate electron transfer from the porphyrin to the anthraquinone moiety. The quenching is more pronounced in ZnTTP-AQ1 with ester linkage, suggesting efficient electronic coupling compared to the ether linkage in ZnTTP-AQ2. Computational analysis and frontier molecular orbitals confirmed the formation of charged separated state por[Formula: see text]AQ[Formula: see text]. The electron transfer rates ([Formula: see text] of these triads are found in the range 0.43 × 108 to 10.52 × 109 s[Formula: see text] and are found to be solvent polarity dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Duvva
- Polymer and Functional Materials Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - A. R. Ramya
- Polymer and Functional Materials Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Govind Reddy
- Polymer and Functional Materials Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne VIC3000, Australia
| | - L. Giribabu
- Polymer and Functional Materials Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IICT, India
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Strahan J, Popere BC, Khomein P, Pointer CA, Martin SM, Oldacre AN, Thayumanavan S, Young ER. Modulating absorption and charge transfer in bodipy-carbazole donor–acceptor dyads through molecular design. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:8488-8501. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00094a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bodipy-based donor–acceptor dyads were evaluated using transient absorption spectroscopy to reveal the influence of beta vs. meso substitution on excited-state dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Strahan
- Department of Chemistry
- Amherst College
- Amherst
- USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - S. Thayumanavan
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Massachusetts
- Amherst
- USA
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