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Arabameri M, Bashiri H. Introduction of the Effective Photon Concentration Variable for Studying the Mechanism of Crystal Violet Photodegradation. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 98:798-814. [PMID: 34664274 DOI: 10.1111/php.13543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we have proposed a new approach to study the mechanism of crystal violet (CV) photodegradation on TiO2 surface using kinetic Monte Carlo simulation. The TiO2 surface was considered as a set of reactive centers, which is essential in dye photodegradation. A new variable "the effective photon concentration" (Ieff ) is defined. A detailed chemical understanding of the photocatalytic reaction is provided. This approach provides a simple and effective method to find the optimal conditions of the studied system. This goal was achieved by investigating the effects of some operational parameters, including initial concentration of CV, pH, loading TiO2 , light intensity and volume, on the degradation percent, and also, on the effective photon concentration. The perfect agreements between the experimental and simulated data at different conditions confirmed the proposed approach for describing the CV photodestruction. Also, the simulation results indicated that: (1) a significant fraction of the scattered UV irradiation into the reaction vessel does not lead to charge carrier generation; (2) the generation and recombination of charge carriers have crucial roles in the photodegradation. This is the first time that a method based on the reactive centers is employed to investigate the dye degradation by a photocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Arabameri
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hadis Bashiri
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
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Ware W, Wright T, Mao Y, Han S, Guffie J, Danilov EO, Rech J, You W, Luo Z, Gautam B. Aggregation Controlled Charge Generation in Fullerene Based Bulk Heterojunction Polymer Solar Cells: Effect of Additive. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 13:polym13010115. [PMID: 33396672 PMCID: PMC7795443 DOI: 10.3390/polym13010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimization of charge generation in polymer blends is crucial for the fabrication of highly efficient polymer solar cells. While the impacts of the polymer chemical structure, energy alignment, and interface on charge generation have been well studied, not much is known about the impact of polymer aggregation on charge generation. Here, we studied the impact of aggregation on charge generation using transient absorption spectroscopy, neutron scattering, and atomic force microscopy. Our measurements indicate that the 1,8-diiodooctane additive can change the aggregation behavior of poly(benzodithiophene-alt-dithienyl difluorobenzotriazole (PBnDT-FTAZ) and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM)polymer blends and impact the charge generation process. Our observations show that the charge generation can be optimized by tuning the aggregation in polymer blends, which can be beneficial for the design of highly efficient fullerene-based organic photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Washat Ware
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Materials Science, Fayetteville State University, Fayetteville, NC 28301, USA; (W.W.); (T.W.); (S.H.); (J.G.); (Z.L.)
| | - Tia Wright
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Materials Science, Fayetteville State University, Fayetteville, NC 28301, USA; (W.W.); (T.W.); (S.H.); (J.G.); (Z.L.)
| | - Yimin Mao
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA;
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Shubo Han
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Materials Science, Fayetteville State University, Fayetteville, NC 28301, USA; (W.W.); (T.W.); (S.H.); (J.G.); (Z.L.)
| | - Jessa Guffie
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Materials Science, Fayetteville State University, Fayetteville, NC 28301, USA; (W.W.); (T.W.); (S.H.); (J.G.); (Z.L.)
| | - Evgeny O. Danilov
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - Jeromy Rech
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (J.R.); (W.Y.)
| | - Wei You
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (J.R.); (W.Y.)
| | - Zhiping Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Materials Science, Fayetteville State University, Fayetteville, NC 28301, USA; (W.W.); (T.W.); (S.H.); (J.G.); (Z.L.)
| | - Bhoj Gautam
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Materials Science, Fayetteville State University, Fayetteville, NC 28301, USA; (W.W.); (T.W.); (S.H.); (J.G.); (Z.L.)
- Correspondence:
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