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Zhao C, Li Z, Xiang Z, Guo Z, Wang Z, Zhang M, Liu W. Trap Depth Engineering from Persistent Luminescence Phosphors Mg2-xZnxSnO4 for Dynamic Optical Information Encryption Application. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:13474-13483. [PMID: 38976574 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Traditional information encryption materials that rely on fluorescent/phosphorescent molecules are facing an increasing risk of counterfeiting or tampering due to their static reading mode and advances in counterfeiting technology. In this study, a series of Mg2-xZnxSnO4 (x = 0.55, 0.6, 0.65, 0.7 0.75, 0.8) that realizes the writing, reading, and erasing of dynamic information is developed. When heated to 90 °C, the materials exhibit a variety of dynamic emission changes with the concentration of Zn2+ ions. As the doping concentration increased, the ratio of the shallow trap to deep trap changed from 7.77 to 20.86. When x = 0.55, the proportion of deep traps is relatively large, resulting in a higher temperature and longer time required to read the information. When x = 0.80, the proportion of shallow traps is larger and the encrypted information is easier to read. Based on the above features, encryption binary codes device was designed, displaying dynamic writing, reading, and erasing of information under daylight and heating conditions. Accordingly, this work provides reliable guidance on advanced dynamic information encryption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology and Application of Environmental Functional Materials, Xining 810016, China
| | - Zihui Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology and Application of Environmental Functional Materials, Xining 810016, China
| | - Zhizhi Xiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology and Application of Environmental Functional Materials, Xining 810016, China
| | - Zhen Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology and Application of Environmental Functional Materials, Xining 810016, China
| | - Zhenbin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology and Application of Environmental Functional Materials, Xining 810016, China
| | - Mingjin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology and Application of Environmental Functional Materials, Xining 810016, China
| | - Weisheng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology and Application of Environmental Functional Materials, Xining 810016, China
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Liu X, Xi R, Hu Y, Wang Y, Abdukayum A. A multi-functional nano-platform based on LiGa 4.99O 8:Cr 0.01/IrO 2 with near infrared-persistent luminescence, "afterglow" photodynamic and photo-thermal functions. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:6601-6608. [PMID: 38512315 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00240g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Multi-functionalised nano-platforms based on persistent-luminescence nanoparticles (PLNPs) have attracted considerable attention for biomedical applications owing to their lack of background noise and suitability for in vivo imaging without the need for in situ excitation. However, nano-platforms based on PLNPs for continuous photodynamic therapy (PDT) are currently lacking. Herein, we report a nano-platform (LiGa4.99O8:Cr0.01/IrO2, LGO:Cr/IrO2) prepared using PLNPs (LiGa4.99O8:Cr0.01, LGO:Cr) covalently bonded with iridium oxide nanoparticles (IrO2 NPs), producing near-infrared (NIR) persistent luminescence, "afterglow" PDT and photo-thermal therapy (PTT) effects. The LGO:Cr/IrO2 not only exhibits NIR-persistent luminescence at 719 nm and a PTT effect under 808 nm irradiation but also a continuous "afterglow" PDT effect without the need for in situ excitation owing to persistent energy transfer from LGO:Cr to the IrO2 NPs, in turn generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). This multi-functional nano-platform is expected to further promote the application of PLNPs in tumour treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Liu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Novel Functional Materials Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Kashi University, Kashi 844000, China.
| | - Rujie Xi
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Novel Functional Materials Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Kashi University, Kashi 844000, China.
| | - Yanfang Hu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Novel Functional Materials Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Kashi University, Kashi 844000, China.
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Abdukader Abdukayum
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Novel Functional Materials Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Kashi University, Kashi 844000, China.
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Wang X, Du J, Lin H. Facilitating Near-Infrared Persistent Luminescence in Cr 3+ -Doped Gadolinium Gallium Garnets. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2301001. [PMID: 38009524 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared persistent luminescence (NIR PersL) materials provide great potential in the fields of night vision, biological imaging, and information encryption. However, among various crystal structures, Cr3+ -doped gallium garnets show inferior PersL property, which turns out to be the bottleneck of their versatile applications. The rational design and facile preparation of high-performance NIR PersL materials are crucial for the emerging applications. In this work, a series of Gd3 Mgx Gex Ga5-2x O12 :Cr3+ (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1) is investigated by microwave-assisted solid-state (MASS) approach. Furthermore, by employing chemical composition co-substitution, PersL performance is further improved and the optimum working temperature is adjusted to the lower temperature at 10 °C. Trap level distribution of Gd3 Mg0.5 Ge0.5 Ga4 O12 :Cr3+ phosphor is revealed based on the temperature and fading-time dependent PersL and thermoluminescence property. Further study demonstrates the reduction of the bandgap and the trap distribution forwards at shallow-lying trap energy levels. The synergistic effect, from both energy-band manipulation and trap-level optimization, facilitates NIR PersL in Cr3+ -doped gadolinium gallium garnets. These findings confirm the applicability of MASS-based bandgap and defect level engineering for improving the PersL properties in non/inferior-PersL materials. This burgeoning MASS method may facilitate a wide range of PersL materials for various emerging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Wang
- International Joint Research Center for Photo-Responsive Molecules and Materials, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jiaren Du
- International Joint Research Center for Photo-Responsive Molecules and Materials, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Hengwei Lin
- International Joint Research Center for Photo-Responsive Molecules and Materials, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
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Mushtaq U, Ayoub I, Kumar V, Sharma V, Swart HC, Chamanehpour E, Rubahn HG, Mishra YK. Persistent luminescent nanophosphors for applications in cancer theranostics, biomedical, imaging and security. Mater Today Bio 2023; 23:100860. [PMID: 38179230 PMCID: PMC10765243 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The extraordinary and unique properties of persistent luminescent (PerLum) nanostructures like storage of charge carriers, extended afterglow, and some other fascinating characteristics like no need for in-situ excitation, and rechargeable luminescence make such materials a primary candidate in the fields of bio-imaging and therapeutics. Apart from this, due to their extraordinary properties they have also found their place in the fields of anti-counterfeiting, latent fingerprinting (LPF), luminescent markings, photocatalysis, solid-state lighting devices, glow-in-dark toys, etc. Over the past few years, persistent luminescent nanoparticles (PLNPs) have been extensively used for targeted drug delivery, bio-imaging guided photodynamic and photo-thermal therapy, biosensing for cancer detection and subsequent treatment, latent fingerprinting, and anti-counterfeiting owing to their enhanced charge storage ability, in-vitro excitation, increased duration of time between excitation and emission, low tissue absorption, high signal-to-noise ratio, etc. In this review, we have focused on most of the key aspects related to PLNPs, including the different mechanisms leading to such phenomena, key fabrication techniques, properties of hosts and different activators, emission, and excitation characteristics, and important properties of trap states. This review article focuses on recent advances in cancer theranostics with the help of PLNPs. Recent advances in using PLNPs for anti-counterfeiting and latent fingerprinting are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umer Mushtaq
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
- Department of Physics, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, ZA9300, South Africa
| | - Irfan Ayoub
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
- Department of Physics, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, ZA9300, South Africa
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
- Department of Physics, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, ZA9300, South Africa
| | - Vishal Sharma
- Institute of Forensic Science & Criminology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Hendrik C. Swart
- Department of Physics, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, ZA9300, South Africa
| | - Elham Chamanehpour
- NanoSYD, Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, Sønderborg, 6400, Denmark
| | - Horst-Günter Rubahn
- NanoSYD, Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, Sønderborg, 6400, Denmark
| | - Yogendra Kumar Mishra
- NanoSYD, Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, Sønderborg, 6400, Denmark
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Zhang J, Wang Z, Huo X, Wang Y, Yang Z, Wang D, Zhao J, Li P. Garnet-structured persistent luminescence phosphor Ca 3Al 2Ge 3O 12:Cr 3+ for dynamic anticounterfeiting applications. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:12137-12146. [PMID: 35876155 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01617f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent materials have gradually become a hot spot in the field of anti-counterfeiting. Multifunctional phosphors used in anti-counterfeiting designs still have the problems of disordered reading sequences, difficulty in detection, and easy forging. To resolve these problems, we propose a new flexible dual-mode anti-counterfeiting design using a series of phosphors Ca3Al2Ge3O12:Cr3+ (CAG) with deep red persistent luminescence peaking at 722 nm. By adjusting the doping concentration of Cr3+ from 2% to 6%, deep red persistent luminescence with different afterglow intensities and durations can be achieved. By performing a series of thermoluminescence (TL) experiments under different conditions, the defects in materials were comprehensively and systematically analyzed. The defects contributed to the deep and shallow traps; this led to an obvious improvement in its long persistent luminescence (LPL). Such a dual-mode system with flexibility and simplicity properties is a good choice not only for anti-counterfeiting, but also for multi-layer information encryption, and a series of demo experiments based on the digital tube, Moss code, QR code, bar-code, school celebration pattern, and love letter information encryption design were implemented. Their dynamic anti-counterfeiting applications have been demonstrated, which provides a new way to rationally design multi-functional luminescent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of New Energy Photoelectric Devices, Hebei Key Laboratory of Optic-electronic Information and Materials, College of Physics Science & Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Zhijun Wang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of New Energy Photoelectric Devices, Hebei Key Laboratory of Optic-electronic Information and Materials, College of Physics Science & Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Xiaoxue Huo
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of New Energy Photoelectric Devices, Hebei Key Laboratory of Optic-electronic Information and Materials, College of Physics Science & Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Yu Wang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of New Energy Photoelectric Devices, Hebei Key Laboratory of Optic-electronic Information and Materials, College of Physics Science & Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Zhiping Yang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of New Energy Photoelectric Devices, Hebei Key Laboratory of Optic-electronic Information and Materials, College of Physics Science & Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Dawei Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Lighting and Display Critical Materials, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Jinxin Zhao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Lighting and Display Critical Materials, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Panlai Li
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of New Energy Photoelectric Devices, Hebei Key Laboratory of Optic-electronic Information and Materials, College of Physics Science & Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
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Bidwai D, Parauha YR, Sahu MK, Dhoble SJ, Jayasimhadri M, Swati G. Synthesis and luminescence characterization of aqueous stable Sr3MgSi2O8: Eu2+, Dy3+ long afterglow nanophosphor for low light illumination. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2022.123089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Wang S, Wang T, Yu X, Li Z, Guo L, Chen J, Zhao F, Feng W, Xu X, Qiu J. Tailored Luminescence Output of Bi 3+-Doped BaGa 2O 4 Phosphors with the Assistance of the Introduction of Sr 2+ Ions as Secondary Cations. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:14467-14474. [PMID: 34495661 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a tunable luminescence color from yellow to orange of photoluminescence (PL), long persistent luminescence (LPL), and photostimulated luminescence (PSL) is successfully achieved in BaGa2O4:Bi3+ phosphors with the introduction of Sr2+ ions as secondary cations. It is confirmed that broad-band emissions located at 500 and 600 nm originate from the occupation of Bi3+ ions at different lattice sites in the BaGa2O4 host matrix. The replacement of Sr2+ for Ba2+ ions makes the emission red-shift from 600 to 650 nm; moreover, two additional emissions appeare at 743 and 810 nm due to the occupational preference of Bi3+ ions at Ga3+ sites. Furthermore, the doped Sr2+ ions promote the reconstruction of the trapping centers, which conduces to the fundamental improvement of the optical storage capacity behavior of Bi3+-doped phosphors. Our results clarify the dependence of the luminescence performance on the crystal sites of Bi3+ ions with fascinating broad-band emissions in the BaGa2O4:0.01Bi3+ host matrix and will benefit the design and exploration of Bi3+-doped solid solutions for optical storage applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqing Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Xue Yu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Ziyang Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Longchao Guo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Wei Feng
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Xuhui Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Jianbei Qiu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
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9
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Abstract
Due to the in situ, real-time, and non-destructive properties, mechanoluminescence (ML) crystals have been considered as intelligent stress sensors, which demonstrate potential applications such as in inner crack visualization, light source, and ultrasonic powder recording. Thereinto, it is highly expected that near-infrared (NIR) MLs can realize the visualization of inner biological stress because mechanically induced signals from them can penetrate biological tissues. However, such an energy conversion technique fails to work in biomechanical monitoring due to the limited advances of NIR ML materials. Based on those, some research groups have begun to focus on this field and initially realized this idea in vitro while related advances are still at the early stage. To advance this field, it is highly desirable to review recent advances in NIR ML crystals. In this review, to our knowledge, all the NIR ML crystals have been included in two main groups: oxysulfides and oxides. Besides, the present and emerging trends in investigation of such crystals were discussed. In all, the aim is to advance NIR ML crystals to more practical applications, especially for that of biomechanical visualization in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puxian Xiong
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Mingying Peng
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- The China-Germany Research Center for Photonic Materials and Device, The State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, The School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Zhongmin Yang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- The China-Germany Research Center for Photonic Materials and Device, The State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, The School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
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Suta M, Lavoie‐Cardinal F, Wickleder C. Unterschätzte Farbzentren: Defekte als nützliche Reduktionsmittel in Lanthanid‐dotierten lumineszenten Materialien. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202002009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Suta
- Anorganische ChemieDepartment für ChemieNaturwissenschaftlich-Technische FakultätUniversität Siegen Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 2 57068 Siegen Deutschland
- Derzeitige Adresse: Condensed Matter and InterfacesDebye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceDepartment of ChemistryUtrecht University Princetonplein 1 3584 CC Utrecht Niederlande
| | - Flavie Lavoie‐Cardinal
- Anorganische ChemieDepartment für ChemieNaturwissenschaftlich-Technische FakultätUniversität Siegen Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 2 57068 Siegen Deutschland
- Derzeitige Adresse: CERVO Brain Research Center 2601 de la Canardière Québec QC GIJ 2G3 Kanada
| | - Claudia Wickleder
- Anorganische ChemieDepartment für ChemieNaturwissenschaftlich-Technische FakultätUniversität Siegen Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 2 57068 Siegen Deutschland
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Suta M, Lavoie‐Cardinal F, Wickleder C. Underestimated Color Centers: Defects as Useful Reducing Agents in Lanthanide-Activated Luminescent Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:10949-10954. [PMID: 32147942 PMCID: PMC7318186 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202002009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic hosts, such as SrB4 O7 or certain nitrides, intrinsically stabilize Eu2+ even when the dopant is an Eu3+ -based precursor and reducing conditions are not employed in the synthesis. Although this concept is well known in the synthesis of phosphorescent materials, the mechanistic details are scarcely understood. Herein, we demonstrate that trapped charge carriers, such as color centers, can also act as redox partners to stabilize certain oxidation states of activators. Eu-activated CsMgCl3 and CsMgBr3 are used as examples. Upon doping with EuCl3 and in the absence of reducing conditions during the synthesis, dominant cyan or green luminescence from Eu2+ ions was observed. Photoluminescence spectroscopy at 10 K revealed that the reduction is correlated to color centers localized at defects. Although defects are typically undesired in phosphors, we have shown that their role may be underestimated and they could be used on purpose in the preparation of selected inorganic phosphors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Suta
- Inorganic ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryFaculty of Science & TechnologyUniversity of SiegenAdolf-Reichwein-Strasse 257068SiegenGermany
- Current address: Condensed Matter and InterfacesDebye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceDepartment of ChemistryUtrecht UniversityPrincetonplein 13584 CCUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Flavie Lavoie‐Cardinal
- Inorganic ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryFaculty of Science & TechnologyUniversity of SiegenAdolf-Reichwein-Strasse 257068SiegenGermany
- Current address: CERVO Brain Research Center2601 de la CanardièreQuébecQCGIJ 2G3Canada
| | - Claudia Wickleder
- Inorganic ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryFaculty of Science & TechnologyUniversity of SiegenAdolf-Reichwein-Strasse 257068SiegenGermany
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Temperature dependent persistent luminescence: Evaluating the optimum working temperature. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10517. [PMID: 31324845 PMCID: PMC6642144 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46889-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of persistent luminescent materials has drawn continuous attention in recent years in view of their potential applications in the fields of security night-vision signage, in vivo bio-imaging and optical data storage. Currently, the normative evaluation of a new persistent luminescent material is focused on the light emission spectrum, the afterglow decay curve and the total duration time of the persistent luminescence. In this paper, we investigate the temperature dependent persistent luminescence in some well-known persistent phosphors and relate this to their thermoluminescence properties. The concept of the optimum working temperature is proposed as a new means for evaluating persistent phosphors. It is shown that there is a clear relation between the efficient temperature range of the afterglow output and the thermoluminescence glow curve. The experimental work is supported by simulations of thermoluminescence and afterglow characteristics. The concept of the optimum working temperature for persistent phosphors can be used as an evaluative criterion for applications in various working environments.
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