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Boidi G, Ronai B, Heift D, Benini F, Varga M, Righi MC, Rosenkranz A. Tribology of 2D black phosphorus - Current state-of-the-art and future potential. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 328:103180. [PMID: 38754213 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Since the first mechanical exfoliation of graphene in 2004, the interest in 2D materials has significantly risen due to their outstanding property combination. Multiple 2D materials have been synthesized until today, while black phosphorus (BP) resembles one of their latest additions. The unique properties of BP, especially for electronic and optical devices (i.e., high carrier mobility and electrical conduction, field-effect transistor, layer-dependent bandgap, anisotropic transport), have gained notable attention. However, its layered structure, similar to those of graphene and MoS2, is also advantageous to optimize the friction and wear performance. Moreover, the strong in-plane covalent bonds and weak interlayer van-der-Waals forces favour the formation of low-friction and wear-resistant films. Although BP holds a great tribological potential, the literature to date on this topic is rather scarce. Therefore, it is a timely moment to holistically summarize the synthesis approaches and properties of BP thus guiding interested researchers to use it in mechanical/tribological applications. The existing state-of-the-art regarding tribological research is critically discussed and compared to other 2D materials thus highlighting existing research gaps and paving the way for future research activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Boidi
- AC2T research GmbH, Viktor-Kaplan-Straße 2/C, Wiener Neustadt 2700, Austria
| | - Bettina Ronai
- AC2T research GmbH, Viktor-Kaplan-Straße 2/C, Wiener Neustadt 2700, Austria
| | - Dominikus Heift
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston-upon-Thames KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Francesca Benini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy "Augusto Righi", University of Bologna, Bologna 40127, Italy
| | - Markus Varga
- AC2T research GmbH, Viktor-Kaplan-Straße 2/C, Wiener Neustadt 2700, Austria
| | - Maria Clelia Righi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy "Augusto Righi", University of Bologna, Bologna 40127, Italy
| | - Andreas Rosenkranz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, FCFM, University of Chile, Santiago 8370415, Chile.
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Gao C, Chen H, Dong X, Tang L, Chen D, Yan J, Xu H, Wu Z. An Accurate and Transferable Coarse-Graining Method for the Investigation of Microscopic Fracture Behaviors of Epoxy Thermosets. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:393-404. [PMID: 38166404 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c07580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Coarse-grained modeling shows potential in exploring the thermo-mechanical behaviors of polymers applied in harsh conditions such as cryogenic environment, but its accuracy in simulating fracture behaviors of highly cross-linked epoxy thermosets is largely limited due to the complex molecular structures of the cross-linked networks. We address this fundamental problem by developing a CG modeling method where the backbones and electrostatic interaction (EI) contributions in the cross-linked networks are retained, and thus the potentials of the CG model can be directly extracted, or parametrized on the basis of, existing all-atomistic (AA) force fields. A multilevel parametrization procedure was adopted, where the bond potentials were parametrized relying on the results of density functional theory (DFT) simulation, whereas the nonbond potentials were parametrized by renormalizing the cohesive interaction strength. Remarkably, the CG model can reproduce stress-strain responses highly consistent with the AA simulation results at multiple stages, including elastic deformation, yielding, plastic flow, strain hardening, etc., and the straightforward parametrization procedure can be easily transferred to different materials and thermodynamic conditions. The CG modeling method was then used to build a large-scale representative volume element (RVE) to investigate the microscopic fracture behavior of an epoxy thermoset. It has been discovered that EI contributions play a significant role in generating correct mechanical responses and fracture morphologies. The influences of temperature (i.e., from room to cryogenic temperatures) and strain rates were discussed, and the fracture morphology in the RVE was unveiled and analyzed in a quantitative manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Hongzhi Chen
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Faculty of Vehicle Engineering and Mechanics, State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Xufeng Dong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Lantian Tang
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Faculty of Vehicle Engineering and Mechanics, State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Duo Chen
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Faculty of Vehicle Engineering and Mechanics, State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Jia Yan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Hao Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Zhanjun Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
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Felix LC, Galvao DS. Guided fractures in graphene mechanical diode-like structures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:13905-13910. [PMID: 35621060 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01207c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The concept of a diode is usually applied to electronic and thermal devices but very rarely for mechanical ones. A recently proposed fracture rectification effect in polymer-based structures with triangular void defects has motivated us to test these ideas at the nanoscale using graphene membranes. Using fully-atomistic reactive molecular dynamics simulations we showed that robust rectification-like effects exist. The fracture can be 'guided' to more easily propagate along one specific direction than its opposite. We also observed that there is an optimal value for the spacing between each void for the rectification effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levi C Felix
- Applied Physics Department, 'Gleb Wataghin' Institute of Physics, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil. .,Center for Computing in Engineering & Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Douglas S Galvao
- Applied Physics Department, 'Gleb Wataghin' Institute of Physics, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil. .,Center for Computing in Engineering & Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
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Rajabali M, Asgharyan H, Naeini VF, Boudaghi A, Zabihi B, Foroutan M, Mohajerzadeh S. Experimental and molecular dynamics studies of an ultra-fast sequential hydrogen plasma process for fabricating phosphorene-based sensors. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16076. [PMID: 34373522 PMCID: PMC8352972 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95463-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Low concentration phosphorene-based sensors have been fabricated using a facile and ultra-fast process which is based on an exfoliation-free sequential hydrogen plasma treatment to convert the amorphous phosphorus thin film into mono- or few-layered phosphorene sheets. These sheets have been realized directly on silicon substrates followed by the fabrication of field-effect transistors showing the low leakage current and reasonable mobility for the nano-sensors. Being capable of covering the whole surface of the silicon substrate, red phosphorus (RP) coated substrate has been employed to achieve large area phosphorene sheets. Unlike the available techniques including mechanical exfoliation, there is no need for any exfoliation and/or transfer step which is significant progress in shortening the device fabrication procedure. These phosphorene sheets have been examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy and atomic-force microscopy (AFM). Electrical output in different states of the crystallization as well as its correlation with the test parameters have been also extensively used to examine the evolution of the phosphorene sheets. By utilizing the fabricated devices, the sensitivity of the phosphorene based-field effect transistors to the soluble L-Cysteine in low concentrations has been studied by measuring the FET response to the different concentrations. At a gate voltage of - 2.5 V, the range of 0.07 to 0.60 mg/ml of the L-Cysteine has been distinguishably detected presenting a gate-controlled sensor for a low-concentration solution. A reactive molecular dynamics simulation has been also performed to track the details of this plasma-based crystallization. The obtained results showed that the imparted energy from hydrogen plasma resulted in a phase transition from a system containing red phosphorus atoms to the crystal one. Interestingly and according to the simulation results, there is a directional preference of crystal growth as the crystalline domains are being formed and RP atoms are more likely to re-locate in armchair than in zigzag direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rajabali
- Thin Film and Nanoelectronic Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - H Asgharyan
- Thin Film and Nanoelectronic Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - V Fadaei Naeini
- Division of Machine Elements, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden
| | - A Boudaghi
- Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - B Zabihi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Foroutan
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - S Mohajerzadeh
- Thin Film and Nanoelectronic Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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Sun HM, Yang W, Chen RP, Kang X. A coarse-grained water model for mesoscale simulation of clay-water interaction. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Mukherjee S, Bin Mujib S, Soares D, Singh G. Electrode Materials for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Batteries. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E1952. [PMID: 31212966 PMCID: PMC6630545 DOI: 10.3390/ma12121952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sodium ion batteries (SIBs) are being billed as an economical and environmental alternative to lithium ion batteries (LIBs), especially for medium and large-scale stationery and grid storage. However, SIBs suffer from lower capacities, energy density and cycle life performance. Therefore, in order to be more efficient and feasible, novel high-performance electrodes for SIBs need to be developed and researched. This review aims to provide an exhaustive discussion about the state-of-the-art in novel high-performance anodes and cathodes being currently analyzed, and the variety of advantages they demonstrate in various critically important parameters, such as electronic conductivity, structural stability, cycle life, and reversibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Mukherjee
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66503, USA.
| | - Shakir Bin Mujib
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66503, USA.
| | - Davi Soares
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66503, USA.
| | - Gurpreet Singh
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66503, USA.
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