1
|
Mizera A, Dubis AT, Ławniczak P, Markiewicz KH, Ostrowski A, Łapiński A. Investigation of spectroscopic and electrical properties of doped poly(pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid). SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 317:124368. [PMID: 38733910 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The spectroscopic and electrical properties of poly(pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid) doped with p-TSA- (p-toluenesulfonate) and AQS- (anthraquinone sulfonate) were investigated. The variation in electrical conductivity as a function of temperature shows that the systems have semiconductor-like electrical characteristics. The investigated polymers exhibit 3D conductivity and less than 0.6 eV energy gaps. The IR and Raman spectra show that the charge carriers are polarons and bipolarons. Doping the poly(pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid) increases the number of charge carriers. Electron paramagnetic resonance has shown that localized polarons and bipolarons are formed within these polymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Mizera
- Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Mariana Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Alina T Dubis
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15-245, Białystok, Poland
| | - Paweł Ławniczak
- Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Mariana Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179, Poznań, Poland
| | - Karolina H Markiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15-245, Białystok, Poland
| | - Adam Ostrowski
- Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Mariana Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179, Poznań, Poland
| | - Andrzej Łapiński
- Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Mariana Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179, Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kumar H, Duhan J, Obrai S. Highly Sensitive and Selective Fluorescence and Smartphone-Based Sensor for Detection of Rutin Using Boron Nitrogen Co-doped Graphene Quantum Dots. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-024-03823-5. [PMID: 38995477 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03823-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
This research explores the fluorescence properties and photostability of boron nitrogen co-doped graphene quantum dots (BN-GQDs), evaluating their effectiveness as sensors for rutin (RU). BN-GQDs are biocompatible and exhibit notable absorbance and fluorescence characteristics, making them suitable for sensing applications. The study utilized various analytical techniques to investigate the chemical composition, structure, morphology, optical attributes, elemental composition, and particle size of BN-GQDs. Techniques included X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The average particle size of the BN-GQDs was determined to be approximately 3.5 ± 0.3 nm. A clear correlation between the emission intensity ratio and RU concentration was identified across the range of 0.42 to 4.1 μM, featuring an impressively low detection limit (LOD) of 1.23 nM. The application of BN-GQDs as fluorescent probes has facilitated the development of a highly sensitive and selective RU detection method based on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) principles. This technique leverages emission at 465 nm. Density Functional Theory (DFT) analyses confirm that FRET is the primary mechanism behind fluorescence quenching, as indicated by the energy levels of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs) of BN-GQDs and RU. The method's effectiveness has been validated by measuring RU concentrations in human serum samples, showing a recovery range between 97.8% and 103.31%. Additionally, a smartphone-based detection method utilizing BN-GQDs has been successfully implemented, achieving a detection limit (LOD) of 49 nM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144011, India
| | - Jyoti Duhan
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144011, India
| | - Sangeeta Obrai
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144011, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kumar H, Obrai S. Ratiometric fluorescent sensing of melatonin based on inner filter effect and smartphone established detection. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 304:123309. [PMID: 37716042 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (MLT) is a crucial neurohormone having inhibitory effects over various types of cancer. In this work, 3,6-Diaminocarbazole (DAC), a fluorescent probe is utilized to detect MLT in a highly sensitive, selective and facile way. The unique feature of present work is that MLT is sensed by ratiometric fluorescent technique based on the inner filter effect (IFE) using DAC at an emission wavelength of 310 nm. As a result, a noticeable change in color from red to cyan is observed and the quantitative analysis of fluorescence signals at these wavelengths are used to detect MLT observing a linear relationship between the ratio of emission intensities and the concentration of MLT over a linear range of 0 to 78 μM. DAC can accurately measure the detailed quantity of MLT with a limit of detection of 30 nM and has proved to be an efficient sensing probe due to its excellent molar absorptivity and high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). Sensing characterization was carried out UV-Vis, steady-state, and time- resolved fluorescence spectroscopic techniques. The smartphone app "RGB colour detector" value has been successfully linked with the considerable detectable color changes of DAC on addition of MLT. HOMO-LUMO have been calculated using DFT with B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level and band gaps of 3.77 eV and 4.91 eV were found for DAC and MLT, respectively. Electrons are not allowed energetically to transfer from MLT to DAC, as is evident from their band gaps. Therefore, IFE can be considered the foremost method in fluorescence quenching of present investigation. The developed sensor was verified by spiking of MLT in human serum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab 144011, India
| | - Sangeeta Obrai
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab 144011, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ali U, Abbas F. An extension of electron acceptor sites around Thiazolothiazole unit for evaluation of large power conversion efficiency: A theoretical insight. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 281:121610. [PMID: 35841860 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Small organic solar cells containing thiazolothiazole unit as an electron acceptor for solution processed bulk heterojunction (BHJ) small donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) type materials have been designed and studied theoretically with state-of-the-art density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) for reliable estimation of their excited state and charge transfer photophysical characteristics for estimating their power conversion efficiencies. The suggested possible synthetic routes with complete reaction information have been also provided for synthesis. The electron acceptor sites around the thiazolothiazole unit have been enlarged by introducing different strong electron withdrawing groups and checked their effects on the voltages (VOC) and fill factor (FF) which are the two main parameters directly influences on power conversion efficiencies. Out of five theoretically studied molecules, the experimental reported data of TT-TTPA (Thiazolothiazole-thiaophene triphenyl amine) has been compared with four designed molecules and concluded that extension of acceptor sites significantly contributed towards the better charge transport properties of electron and hole.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Usman Ali
- Beijing National Laboratories for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratories of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, PR China; Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Faheem Abbas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Design of Flexible Film-Forming Polydopamine/Polypyrrole/Nanodiamond Hierarchical Structure for Broadband Microwave Absorption. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14102014. [PMID: 35631896 PMCID: PMC9146107 DOI: 10.3390/polym14102014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Microwave-absorbing materials are widely used in numerous fields, including the military, daily protection, etc. Currently, in addition to being lightweight and highly efficient, good film-forming processing characteristics and environmental stability are also required for the practical application of microwave-absorbing materials, which, in general, are difficult to make compatible. In this paper, a mulberry-like PDA/PPy/ND hierarchical structure was prepared by in situ polymerization. The hierarchical structure showed remarkably enhanced microwave absorption, as well as better flexible film-forming characteristics, thanks to the multiple roles PDA played in the system. The optimal RL peak for PDA/PPy/ND could reach −43.6 dB at 7.58 GHz, which is mainly attributed to the multiple dielectric loss paths and significantly improved impedance-matching characteristics. Furthermore, given the H-bond crosslink, the introduction of PDA also promoted the film formation and dispersion of PDA/PPy/ND in the PVA matrix, forming a water-resistant and flexible film. This work provides a referencing path for the design and practical applications of lightweight microwave-absorbing materials.
Collapse
|
6
|
Chaulagain N, Alam KM, Kumar P, Kobryn AE, Gusarov S, Shankar K. Zinc phthalocyanine conjugated cellulose nanocrystals for memory device applications. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 33:055703. [PMID: 34633304 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac2e78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We present the electrical properties of zinc phthalocyanine covalently conjugated to cellulose nanocrystals (CNC@ZnPc). Thin films of CNC@ZnPc sandwiched between two gold electrodes showed pronounced hysteresis in their current-voltage characteristics. The layered metal-organic-metal sandwich devices exhibit distinct high and low conductive states when bias is applied, which can be used to store information. Density functional theory results confirmed wave function overlap between CNC and ZnPc in CNC@ZnPc, and helped visualize the lowest (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) and highest molecular orbitals (highest occupied molecular orbital) in CNC@ZnPc. These results pave the way forward for all-organic electronic devices based on low cost, earth abundant CNCs and metallophthalocyanines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narendra Chaulagain
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Kazi M Alam
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Alexander E Kobryn
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Sergey Gusarov
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Karthik Shankar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nanodiamond surface chemistry controls assembly of polypyrrole and generation of photovoltage. Sci Rep 2021; 11:590. [PMID: 33437005 PMCID: PMC7803993 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80438-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoscale composite of detonation nanodiamond (DND) and polypyrrole (PPy) as a representative of organic light-harvesting polymers is explored for energy generation, using nanodiamond as an inorganic electron acceptor. We present a technology for the composite layer-by-layer synthesis that is suitable for solar cell fabrication. The formation, pronounced material interaction, and photovoltaic properties of DND-PPy composites are characterized down to nanoscale by atomic force microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, Kelvin probe, and electronic transport measurements. The data show that DNDs with different surface terminations (hydrogenated, oxidized, poly-functional) assemble PPy oligomers in different ways. This leads to composites with different optoelectronic properties. Tight material interaction results in significantly enhanced photovoltage and broadband (1–3.5 eV) optical absorption in DND/PPy composites compared to pristine materials. Combination of both oxygen and hydrogen functional groups on the nanodiamond surface appears to be the most favorable for the optoelectronic effects. Theoretical DFT calculations corroborate the experimental data. Test solar cells demonstrate the functionality of the concept.
Collapse
|
8
|
Ultrasound promoted synthesis, characterization and computational studies of some thiourea derivatives. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
9
|
Han L, Chen Y, Zhao J, Cui Y, Jiang S. Phenothiazine dyes containing a 4-phenyl-2-(thiophen-2-yl) thiazole bridge for dye-sensitized solar cells. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
10
|
Raymakers J, Artemenko A, Verstraeten F, Krysova H, Cermák J, Nicley S, Lopez-Carballeira D, Kromka A, Haenen K, Kavan L, Maes W, Rezek B. Photogenerated charge collection on diamond electrodes with covalently linked chromophore monolayers. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.135762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|