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Acosta-Calle S, Miller AJM. Tunable and Switchable Catalysis Enabled by Cation-Controlled Gating with Crown Ether Ligands. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:971-981. [PMID: 36977400 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusCatalysis has become an essential tool in science and technology, impacting the discovery of pharmaceuticals, the manufacture of commodity chemicals and plastics, the production of fuels, and much more. In most cases, a particular catalyst is optimized to mediate a particular reaction, continually producing a desired product at a given rate. There is enormous opportunity in developing catalysts that are dynamic, capable of responding to a change in the environment to alter structure and function. Controlled catalysis, in which the activity or selectivity of a catalytic reaction can be adjusted through an external stimulus, offers opportunities for innovation in catalysis. Catalyst discovery could be simplified if a single thoughtfully designed complex could work synergistically with additives to optimize performance rather than trying a multitude of different metal/ligand combinations. Temporal control could be gained to facilitate the execution of multiple reactions in the same flask, for example, by activating one catalyst and deactivating another to avoid incompatibilities. Selectivity switching could enable copolymer synthesis with well-defined chemical and material properties. These applications might sound futuristic for synthetic catalysts, but in nature, such a degree of controlled catalysis is commonplace. For example, allosteric interactions and/or feedback loops modulate enzymatic activity to enable complex small-molecule synthesis and sequence-defined polymerization reactions in complex mixtures containing many catalytic sites. In many cases, regulation is achieved by "gating" substrate access to the active site. Fundamental advances in catalyst design are needed to better understand the factors that enable controlled catalysis in the arena of synthetic chemistry, particularly in achieving substrate gating outside of macromolecular environments. In this Account, the development of design principles for achieving cation-controlled catalysis is described. The guiding hypothesis was that gating substrate access to a catalyst site could be achieved by controlling the dynamics of a hemilabile ligand through secondary Lewis acid/base and/or cation-dipole interactions. To enforce such interactions, catalysts sitting at the interface of organometallic catalysis and supramolecular chemistry were designed. A macrocyclic crown ether was incorporated into a robust organometallic pincer ligand, and these "pincer-crown ether" ligands have been explored in catalysis. Complementary studies of controlled catalysis and detailed mechanistic analysis guided the development of iridium, nickel, and palladium pincer-crown ether catalysts capable of substrate gating. Toggling the gate between open and closed states leads to switchable catalysis, where cation addition/removal changes the turnover frequency or the product selectivity. Varying the degree of gating leads to tunable catalysis, where the activity can be tuned based on the identity and amount of salt added. Research has focused on reactions of alkenes, particularly isomerization reactions, which has in turn led to design principles for cation-controlled catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Acosta-Calle
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Alexander J M Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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2
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Fors SA, Malapit CA. Homogeneous Catalysis for the Conversion of CO 2, CO, CH 3OH, and CH 4 to C 2+ Chemicals via C–C Bond Formation. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stella A. Fors
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Christian A. Malapit
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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3
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Chemical Transformations in Heterobimetallic Complexes Facilitated by the Second Coordination Sphere. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_2022_79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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4
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Sevostyanova NT, Batashev SA. Catalysts for Carbonylation of Alcohols to Obtain Carboxylic Acids and Esters. RUSS J APPL CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s107042722208002x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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5
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Study on Rh(I)-o-aminophenol Catalyst Catalyzed Carbonylation of Methanol to Acetic Acid. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-022-06936-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Zhang Q, He A, Xiao W, Du J, Liu Z, Tao C. Non-aqueous liquid phase synthesis of acetic acid via ionic liquid promoted homogeneous carbonylation of methanol over Ir(III) catalysts. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20210306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Anbang He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Wen Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Jun Du
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Zuohua Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Changyuan Tao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
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Nasser GA, Al-Qadri AA, Jamil AK, Bakare IA, Sanhoob MA, Muraza O, Yamani ZH, Yokoi T, Saleem Q, Alsewdan D. Conversion of Methanol to Olefins over Modified OSDA-Free CHA Zeolite Catalyst. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c01633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Galal A. Nasser
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A. Al-Qadri
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Chemical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas Karrar Jamil
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Idris A. Bakare
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Sanhoob
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Oki Muraza
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zain H. Yamani
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Toshiyuki Yokoi
- Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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8
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Yoo C, Miller AJM. Stepwise Iodide-Free Methanol Carbonylation via Methyl Acetate Activation by Pincer Iridium Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:12633-12643. [PMID: 34347476 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Iodide is an essential promoter in the industrial production of acetic acid via methanol carbonylation, but it also contributes to reactor corrosion and catalyst deactivation. Here we report that iridium pincer complexes mediate the individual steps of methanol carbonylation to methyl acetate in the absence of methyl iodide or iodide salts. Iodide-free methylation is achieved under mild conditions by an aminophenylphosphinite pincer iridium(I) dinitrogen complex through net C-O oxidative addition of methyl acetate to produce an isolable methyliridium(III) acetate complex. Experimental and computational studies provide evidence for methylation via initial C-H bond activation followed by acetate migration, facilitated by amine hemilability. Subsequent CO insertion and reductive elimination in methanol solution produced methyl acetate and acetic acid. The net reaction is methanol carbonylation to acetic acid using methyl acetate as a promoter alongside conversion of an iridium dinitrogen complex to an iridium carbonyl complex. Kinetic studies of migratory insertion and reductive elimination reveal essential roles of the solvent methanol and distinct features of acetate and iodide anions that are relevant to the design of future catalysts for iodide-free carbonylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changho Yoo
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States.,Green Carbon Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Alexander J M Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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Camp AM, Kita MR, Blackburn PT, Dodge HM, Chen CH, Miller AJM. Selecting Double Bond Positions with a Single Cation-Responsive Iridium Olefin Isomerization Catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:2792-2800. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c11601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Camp
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599−3290, United States
| | - Matthew R. Kita
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599−3290, United States
| | - P. Thomas Blackburn
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599−3290, United States
| | - Henry M. Dodge
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599−3290, United States
| | - Chun-Hsing Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599−3290, United States
| | - Alexander J. M. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599−3290, United States
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10
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Sheludko B, Castro CF, Goldman AS, Celik FE. Poison or Promoter? Investigating the Dual-Role of Carbon Monoxide in Pincer-Iridium-Based Alkane Dehydrogenation Systems via Operando Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Yoo C, Dodge HM, Farquhar AH, Gardner KE, Miller AJM. Decarbonylative ether dissection by iridium pincer complexes. Chem Sci 2020; 11:12130-12138. [PMID: 34123222 PMCID: PMC8162749 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03736b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A unique chain-rupturing transformation that converts an ether functionality into two hydrocarbyl units and carbon monoxide is reported, mediated by iridium(i) complexes supported by aminophenylphosphinite (NCOP) pincer ligands. The decarbonylation, which involves the cleavage of one C-C bond, one C-O bond, and two C-H bonds, along with formation of two new C-H bonds, was serendipitously discovered upon dehydrochlorination of an iridium(iii) complex containing an aza-18-crown-6 ether macrocycle. Intramolecular cleavage of macrocyclic and acyclic ethers was also found in analogous complexes featuring aza-15-crown-5 ether or bis(2-methoxyethyl)amino groups. Intermolecular decarbonylation of cyclic and linear ethers was observed when diethylaminophenylphosphinite iridium(i) dinitrogen or norbornene complexes were employed. Mechanistic studies reveal the nature of key intermediates along a pathway involving initial iridium(i)-mediated double C-H bond activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changho Yoo
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina 27599-3290 USA
| | - Henry M Dodge
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina 27599-3290 USA
| | - Alexandra H Farquhar
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina 27599-3290 USA
| | - Kristen E Gardner
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina 27599-3290 USA
| | - Alexander J M Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina 27599-3290 USA
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13
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Zhang D, Yang G, Zhao Y, Shao S, Zhu G, Liu P, Liu J, Hu X, Zhang Z. Efficient methanol carbonylation to methyl acetate catalyzed by a cyclic(alkyl)(amino)carbene iridium complex. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy00054j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
An efficient cyclic(alkyl)(amino) carbene iridium complex (C-2) was developed for methanol carbonylation to methyl acetate (MA) directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
- P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Guoqiang Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
- P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
- P. R. China
| | - Shouyan Shao
- Jiangsu SOPO (Group) CO., LTD
- Zhengjiang
- P. R. China
| | - Guisheng Zhu
- Jiangsu SOPO (Group) CO., LTD
- Zhengjiang
- P. R. China
| | - Peijun Liu
- Jiangsu SOPO (Group) CO., LTD
- Zhengjiang
- P. R. China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
- P. R. China
| | - Xingbang Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
- P. R. China
| | - Zhibing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
- P. R. China
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14
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Recent advances in the chemistry of group 9—Pincer organometallics. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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15
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Smith JB, Camp AM, Farquhar AH, Kerr SH, Chen CH, Miller AJM. Organometallic Elaboration as a Strategy for Tuning the Supramolecular Characteristics of Aza-Crown Ethers. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob B. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Andrew M. Camp
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Alexandra H. Farquhar
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Stewart H. Kerr
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Chun-Hsing Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Alexander J. M. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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Yoo C, Dodge HM, Miller AJM. Cation-controlled catalysis with crown ether-containing transition metal complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:5047-5059. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc00803a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This Feature Article reviews the structural motifs and catalytic applications of crown ether-containing catalysts and details the development of “pincer-crown ether” ligands for applications in controlled catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changho Yoo
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Chapel Hill
- USA
| | - Henry M. Dodge
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Chapel Hill
- USA
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Cai Z, Do LH. Thermally Robust Heterobimetallic Palladium–Alkali Catalysts for Ethylene and Alkyl Acrylate Copolymerization. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzheng Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Loi H. Do
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
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