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V N D, Sen S, Chattopadhyaya M. Comparative study of the photocatalytic activity of g-C 3N 4/MN 4 (M = Mn, Fe, Co) for water splitting reaction: A theoretical study. J Comput Chem 2024. [PMID: 38970347 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
In this study, nanocomposites of g-C3N4/MN4 (where M is Mn, Fe and Co) have been designed using advanced density functional theory (DFT) calculations. A comprehensive analysis was conducted on the geometry, electronic, optical properties, work function, charge transfer interaction and adhesion energy of the g-C3N4/MN4 heterostructures and concluded that g-C3N4/FeN4 and g-C3N4/CoN4 heterojunctions exhibit higher photocatalytic performance than individual units. The better photocatalytic activity can be attributed mainly by two facts; (i) the visible light absorption of both g-C3N4/FeN4 and g-C3N4/CoN4 interfaces are higher compared to its isolated analogs and (ii) a significant enhancement of band gap energy in g-C3N4/FeN4 and g-C3N4/CoN4 heterostructures limited the electron-hole recombination significantly. The potential of the g-C3N4/MN4 heterojunctions as a photocatalyst for the water splitting reaction was assessed by examining its band alignment for water splitting reaction. Importantly, while the electronic and magnetic properties of MN4 systems were studied, this is the first example of inclusion of MN4 on graphene-based material (g-C3N4) for studying the photocatalytic activity. The state of the art DFT calculations emphasis that g-C3N4/FeN4 and g-C3N4/CoN4 heterojunctions are half metallic photocatalysts, which is limited till date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhilshada V N
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Calicut, India
| | - Sabyasachi Sen
- Department of Physics, Shyampur Siddheswari Mahavidyalaya, Nadia, India
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Liu C, Ma Y, Lian R, Chen J, Yang M, Cheng J. Regulation of Photogenerated Redox Species through High Crystallinity Carbon Nitride for Improved C-S Coupling Reactions. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301882. [PMID: 38242851 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
A novel and efficient approach for the synthesis of α, β-unsaturated sulfones through heterogeneous photocatalyzed C-S coupling reactions have been developed. The use of molten-salt method derived carbon nitride (MCN), a transition metal-free polymeric photocatalyst, combined with enhanced crystallinity and potassium iodide as an additive, effectively modulates photogenerated reactive redox species, markedly increasing the overall reaction selectivity. This method achieves the shortest reaction time (2 h) with high yield (up to 95 %) among the reported heterogeneous catalytic C-S bond formation reactions, matching the efficiency of the homogeneous photocatalysts. Furthermore, the application to challenging alkyne substrates has been demonstrated, underscoring the potential for a broad range of applications in pharmaceutical research and synthetic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Yukun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Ronghong Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Jiayin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Mingcheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Jiajia Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
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3
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Ko JW. Graphitic Carbon Nitride as Reinforcement of Photopolymer Resin for 3D Printing. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:370. [PMID: 38337259 DOI: 10.3390/polym16030370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Digital light processing (DLP) has the advantages of higher printing speed and product precision than other 3D printing technologies. However, DLP products have low mechanical strength owing to the inherent properties of photocurable materials. Graphitic carbon nitride (GCN), which is an abundant hydrogen bonding motif (-NH2, -NH), has low solubility in most solvents; thus, to use GCN as a reinforcement of the polymer matrix, optimal dispersion processes must be applied. In this study, GCN was proposed as a novel reinforcing material to improve the mechanical properties of photocurable epoxy acrylate (EA) resins for DLP. Herein, two-step (planetary mixing and ultrasonication) processes were applied to disperse GCN within EA, and the dispersion performance was identified by checking the degree of precipitation over time. To test the printability of the dispersed GCN/EA composites subjected to DLP 3D printing, cube specimens of GCN/EA composites were prepared, and the dispersed GCN/EA output had a low dimensional error of 0.3-1.3%, while the undispersed composite output showed larger dimensional errors of 27.7-36.2%. Additionally, in the mechanical test of the DLP-3D-printed sample (dispersed GCN/EA composite), the tensile strength and elastic modulus of the dispersed GCN/EA composite specimen were measured to be 75.56 MPa and 3396 MPa, respectively, which were improved by 22% (tensile strength) and 34% (modulus of elasticity) in relation to those of the neat EA specimen. This study is the first to use GCN as a reinforcement and manufacture a composite product for DLP with excellent performance (22% increased tensile strength) through the optimal dispersion of GCN. Considering the high mechanical performance, DLP products using the GCN/EA composites can be used in industries such as automobiles, shipbuilding, and aviation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Wan Ko
- 3D Printing Manufacturing Process Center, Smart Forming Process Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Ulsan 44776, Republic of Korea
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4
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Mohammad A, Chandra P, Khan ME, Choi CH, Yoon T. Sulfur-doped graphitic carbon nitride: Tailored nanostructures for photocatalytic, sensing, and energy storage applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 322:103048. [PMID: 37988855 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.103048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Rapid globalization and industrialization have led to widespread pollution and energy crises, necessitating the development of innovative solutions. Metal-free g-C3N4-based polymeric materials have unique properties but face limitations such as low surface area and inefficient light absorption. Doping, especially sulfur doping, is a prevalent technique to enhance their optical and electronic properties. This comprehensive review focuses on the synthesis techniques employed for sulfur doping of g-C3N4 (S-CN), highlighting the complexities associated with S-doping and the advantages of co-doping. Additionally, the review encompasses the diverse applications of S-CN in catalysis, photocatalysis, sonocatalysis, pollutant remediation, and electrochemical sensing. By incorporating sulfur into the g-C3N4 structure, various desirable properties can be achieved, including improved light absorption efficiency and enhanced charge carrier separation and migration. These advancements have broadened the application potential of S-CN in a range of important fields. S-CN has shown promise as a catalyst, facilitating various chemical reactions, as well as a photocatalyst, harnessing solar energy for environmental remediation and energy conversion processes. Moreover, S-CN exhibits potential in sonocatalysis for ultrasound-mediated reactions, pollutant remediation, and electrochemical sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Mohammad
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Prakash Chandra
- Department of Chemistry, School of Energy Technology, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382426, India.
| | - Mohammad Ehtisham Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, College of Applied Industrial Technology (CAIT), Jazan University, Jazan 45971, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chang-Hyung Choi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Taeho Yoon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Long B, He H, Yu Y, Cai W, Gu Q, Yang J, Meng S. Bifunctional Hot Water Vapor Template-Mediated Synthesis of Nanostructured Polymeric Carbon Nitride for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution. Molecules 2023; 28:4862. [PMID: 37375417 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulating bulk polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) into nanostructured PCN has long been proven effective in enhancing its photocatalytic activity. However, simplifying the synthesis of nanostructured PCN remains a considerable challenge and has drawn widespread attention. This work reported the one-step green and sustainable synthesis of nanostructured PCN in the direct thermal polymerization of the guanidine thiocyanate precursor via the judicious introduction of hot water vapor's dual function as gas-bubble templates along with a green etching reagent. By optimizing the temperature of the water vapor and polymerization reaction time, the as-prepared nanostructured PCN exhibited a highly boosted visible-light-driven photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity. The highest H2 evolution rate achieved was 4.81mmol∙g-1∙h-1, which is over four times larger than that of the bulk PCN (1.19 mmol∙g-1∙h-1) prepared only by thermal polymerization of the guanidine thiocyanate precursor without the assistance of bifunctional hot water vapor. The enhanced photocatalytic activity might be attributed to the enlarged BET specific surface area, increased active site quantity, and highly accelerated photo-excited charge-carrier transfer and separation. Moreover, the sustainability of this environmentally friendly hot water vapor dual-function mediated method was also shown to be versatile in preparing other nanostructured PCN photocatalysts derived from other precursors such as dicyandiamide and melamine. This work is expected to provide a novel pathway for exploring the rational design of nanostructured PCN for highly efficient solar energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baihua Long
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang 337055, China
| | - Hongmei He
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang 337055, China
| | - Yang Yu
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang 337055, China
| | - Wenwen Cai
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang 337055, China
| | - Quan Gu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Jing Yang
- College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Sugang Meng
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China
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Van Pham V, Ong WJ. Nanomaterials for photocatalysis and applications in environmental remediation and renewable energy. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 14:722-724. [PMID: 37346788 PMCID: PMC10280062 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.14.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Viet Van Pham
- HUTECH University, 475A Dien Bien Phu Street, Binh Thanh District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Wee-Jun Ong
- Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900 Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Matias ML, Reis-Machado AS, Rodrigues J, Calmeiro T, Deuermeier J, Pimentel A, Fortunato E, Martins R, Nunes D. Microwave Synthesis of Visible-Light-Activated g-C 3N 4/TiO 2 Photocatalysts. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1090. [PMID: 36985984 PMCID: PMC10057508 DOI: 10.3390/nano13061090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of visible-light-driven photocatalysts has become highly appealing for environmental remediation through simple, fast and green chemical methods. The current study reports the synthesis and characterization of graphitic carbon nitride/titanium dioxide (g-C3N4/TiO2) heterostructures through a fast (1 h) and simple microwave-assisted approach. Different g-C3N4 amounts mixed with TiO2 (15, 30 and 45 wt. %) were investigated for the photocatalytic degradation of a recalcitrant azo dye (methyl orange (MO)) under solar simulating light. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed the anatase TiO2 phase for the pure material and all heterostructures produced. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that by increasing the amount of g-C3N4 in the synthesis, large TiO2 aggregates composed of irregularly shaped particles were disintegrated and resulted in smaller ones, composing a film that covered the g-C3N4 nanosheets. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) analyses confirmed the existence of an effective interface between a g-C3N4 nanosheet and a TiO2 nanocrystal. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) evidenced no chemical alterations to both g-C3N4 and TiO2 at the heterostructure. The visible-light absorption shift was indicated by the red shift in the absorption onset through the ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) absorption spectra. The 30 wt. % of g-C3N4/TiO2 heterostructure showed the best photocatalytic performance, with a MO dye degradation of 85% in 4 h, corresponding to an enhanced efficiency of almost 2 and 10 times greater than that of pure TiO2 and g-C3N4 nanosheets, respectively. Superoxide radical species were found to be the most active radical species in the MO photodegradation process. The creation of a type-II heterostructure is highly suggested due to the negligible participation of hydroxyl radical species in the photodegradation process. The superior photocatalytic activity was attributed to the synergy of g-C3N4 and TiO2 materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Leonor Matias
- CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon and CEMOP/UNINOVA, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana S. Reis-Machado
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Joana Rodrigues
- Physics Department & I3N, Aveiro University, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tomás Calmeiro
- CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon and CEMOP/UNINOVA, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Jonas Deuermeier
- CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon and CEMOP/UNINOVA, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana Pimentel
- CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon and CEMOP/UNINOVA, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Elvira Fortunato
- CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon and CEMOP/UNINOVA, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Martins
- CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon and CEMOP/UNINOVA, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Daniela Nunes
- CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon and CEMOP/UNINOVA, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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8
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Hayat A, Sohail M, Anwar U, Taha TA, Qazi HIA, Amina, Ajmal Z, Al-Sehemi AG, Algarni H, Al-Ghamdi AA, Amin MA, Palamanit A, Nawawi WI, Newair EF, Orooji Y. A Targeted Review of Current Progress, Challenges and Future Perspective of g-C 3 N 4 based Hybrid Photocatalyst Toward Multidimensional Applications. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202200143. [PMID: 36285706 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The increasing demand for searching highly efficient and robust technologies in the context of sustainable energy production totally rely onto the cost-effective energy efficient production technologies. Solar power technology in this regard will perceived to be extensively employed in a variety of ways in the future ahead, in terms of the combustion of petroleum-based pollutants, CO2 reduction, heterogeneous photocatalysis, as well as the formation of unlimited and sustainable hydrogen gas production. Semiconductor-based photocatalysis is regarded as potentially sustainable solution in this context. g-C3 N4 is classified as non-metallic semiconductor to overcome this energy demand and enviromental challenges, because of its superior electronic configuration, which has a median band energy of around 2.7 eV, strong photocatalytic stability, and higher light performance. The photocatalytic performance of g-C3 N4 is perceived to be inadequate, owing to its small surface area along with high rate of charge recombination. However, various synthetic strategies were applied in order to incorporate g-C3 N4 with different guest materials to increase photocatalytic performance. After these fabrication approaches, the photocatalytic activity was enhanced owing to generation of photoinduced electrons and holes, by improving light absorption ability, and boosting surface area, which provides more space for photocatalytic reaction. In this review, various metals, non-metals, metals oxide, sulfides, and ferrites have been integrated with g-C3 N4 to form mono, bimetallic, heterojunction, Z-scheme, and S-scheme-based materials for boosting performance. Also, different varieties of g-C3 N4 were utilized for different aspects of photocatalytic application i. e., water reduction, water oxidation, CO2 reduction, and photodegradation of dye pollutants, etc. As a consequence, we have assembled a summary of the latest g-C3 N4 based materials, their uses in solar energy adaption, and proper management of the environment. This research will further well explain the detail of the mechanism of all these photocatalytic processes for the next steps, as well as the age number of new insights in order to overcome the current challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Hayat
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, Zhejiang, PR, China.,College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, 313001, P.R. China
| | - Usama Anwar
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - T A Taha
- Physics Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.,Physics and Engineering Mathematics Department, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf, 32952, Egypt
| | - H I A Qazi
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, China
| | - Amina
- Department of Physics, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Ajmal
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710072, Xian, PR China
| | - Abdullah G Al-Sehemi
- Research Center for Adv. Mater. Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamed Algarni
- Research Center for Adv. Mater. Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Amin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arkom Palamanit
- Energy Technol. Program, Department of Specialized Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, 15 Karnjanavanich Rd., Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - W I Nawawi
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Perlis, 02600, Arau Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Emad F Newair
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, Egypt
| | - Yasin Orooji
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
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Peng L, Liu J, Li Z, Jing Y, Zou Y, Chu H, Xu F, Sun L, Huang P. One-step thermal polymerization synthesis of nitrogen-rich g-C 3N 4 nanosheets enhances photocatalytic redox activity. RSC Adv 2022; 12:33598-33604. [PMID: 36505684 PMCID: PMC9682490 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05867g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has attracted enormous attention as a visible-light-responsive carbon-based semiconductor photocatalyst. However, fast charge recombination seriously limits its application. Therefore, it is urgent to modify the electronic structure of g-C3N4 to obtain excellent photocatalytic activity. Herein, we reported a one-step thermal polymerization synthesis of nitrogen-rich g-C3N4 nanosheets. Benefiting from the N self-doping and the ultrathin structure, the optimal CN-70 exhibits its excellent performance. A 6.7 times increased degradation rate of rhodamine B (K = 0.06274 min-1), furthermore, the hydrogen evolution efficiency also reached 2326.24 μmol h-1 g-1 (λ > 420 nm). Based on a series of characterizations and DFT calculations, we demonstrated that the N self-doping g-C3N4 can significantly introduce midgap states between the valence band and conduction band, which is more conducive to the efficient separation of photogenerated carriers. Our work provides a facile and efficient method for self-atom doping into g-C3N4, providing a new pathway for efficient photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyu Peng
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Structure and Property for New Energy and MaterialsGuilin 541004China
| | - Jiaxi Liu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Structure and Property for New Energy and MaterialsGuilin 541004China,School of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic TechnologyGuilin 541004China
| | - Ziyuan Li
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Structure and Property for New Energy and MaterialsGuilin 541004China
| | - Yifan Jing
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Structure and Property for New Energy and MaterialsGuilin 541004China
| | - Yongjin Zou
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Structure and Property for New Energy and MaterialsGuilin 541004China
| | - Hailiang Chu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Structure and Property for New Energy and MaterialsGuilin 541004China
| | - Fen Xu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Structure and Property for New Energy and MaterialsGuilin 541004China
| | - Lixian Sun
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Structure and Property for New Energy and MaterialsGuilin 541004China,School of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic TechnologyGuilin 541004China
| | - Pengru Huang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Structure and Property for New Energy and MaterialsGuilin 541004China
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10
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Zeb W, Altaf A, Aamir M, Baig N, Baig I, Nafady A, Sharif M, Sher M, Sohail M. Enhanced photoelectrochemical performance of P-doped g‑C3N4/Zn0.5Cd0.5S heterojunction photocathode for water splitting. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2022.101542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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11
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Constructing porous carbon nitride nanosheets for efficient visible-light-responsive photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 628:214-221. [PMID: 35988516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The photocatalytic performance of polymeric carbon nitride (CN) is mainly restricted by the poor mass charge separation efficiency and poor light absorption due to its polymeric nature. The conventional strategies to address these problems involved constructing a nanosheets structure would result in a blue shifted light absorption and increased exciton binding energy. Here, with combination of ammonia etching and selectively hydrogen-bond breaking, holey carbon nitride nanosheets (hCNNS) were constructed, thus widening the light absorption range, and spontaneously shortening the migration distance of electrons and holes in the lateral and vertical directions, respectively. Further analysis also found out the reserved atomic structure order endowed hCNNS with the relatively high redox potential. When irradiated with visible light (λ > 420 nm) and loaded with 3 wt% Pt as the cocatalyst, the hydrogen evolution rate of hCNNS was about 40 times higher than the bulk CN, and the apparent quantum yield (AQY) of hCNNS is 1.47% at 435 ± 15 nm. We expect this research can provide a new sight for achieving highly efficient solar utilization of CN-based photocatalysts.
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Ding S, Sun T, Di L, Xue B. Nanostructure engineering of polymeric carbon nitride with boosted photocatalytic antibacterial activity. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Ding
- Department of Chemistry, College of Food Science and Technology Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Chemistry, College of Food Science and Technology Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai China
- Quality Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center for Cold Storage and Refrigeration Equipment (Shanghai) Ministry of Agriculture Shanghai China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai China
| | - Lu Di
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials Nankai University Tianjin China
| | - Bin Xue
- Department of Chemistry, College of Food Science and Technology Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai China
- Quality Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center for Cold Storage and Refrigeration Equipment (Shanghai) Ministry of Agriculture Shanghai China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai China
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13
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Yang X, Ye Y, Sun J, Li Z, Ping J, Sun X. Recent Advances in g-C 3 N 4 -Based Photocatalysts for Pollutant Degradation and Bacterial Disinfection: Design Strategies, Mechanisms, and Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2105089. [PMID: 34841656 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202105089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Emerging photocatalytic technology promises to provide an effective solution to the global energy crisis and environmental pollution. Graphite carbon nitride (g-C3 N4 ) has gained extensive attention in the scientific community due to its excellent physical and chemical properties, attractive electronic band structure, and low cost. In this paper, research progress in design strategies for g-C3 N4 -based photocatalysts in the past five years is reviewed from the perspectives of nanostructure construction, element doping, and heterostructure construction. To clarify the relationship between application requirements and structural design, variations in the morphology, electronic energy band structure, light absorption capacity, as well as interfacial charge transfer caused by various modification strategies are discussed in detail. The recent applications of g-C3 N4 -based photocatalysts for pollutant degradation and bacterial disinfection are reviewed, as well as the antimicrobial activity and degradation mechanisms. Finally, current challenges and future development directions for the practical application of g-C3 N4 -based photocatalysts are tentatively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Foods, School of Food Science Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Yongli Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Foods, School of Food Science Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Jiadi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Foods, School of Food Science Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Zaijun Li
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Jianfeng Ping
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Xiulan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Foods, School of Food Science Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
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14
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Anucha CB, Altin I, Bacaksiz E, Stathopoulos VN. Titanium Dioxide (TiO₂)-Based Photocatalyst Materials Activity Enhancement for Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs) Degradation: In the Light of Modification Strategies. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2022.100262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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15
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Ismael M. Hydrogen production via water splitting over graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4
)-based photocatalysis. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2020-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Photocatalytic splitting of water into hydrogen and oxygen using semiconductor photocatalysts and light irradiation has been attracted much attention and considered to be an alternative for nonrenewable fossil fuel to solve environmental problems and energy crisis and also an as promising approach to produce clean, renewable hydrogen fuel. Owing to their various advantages such as low cost and environmental friendly, chemical, and thermal stability, appropriate band structure, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4
) photocatalysts have gained multitudinous attention because of their great potential in solar fuels production and environmental remediation. However, due to its fast charge carrier’s recombination, low surface, and limited absorption of the visible light restrict their activity toward hydrogen evolution and numerous modification techniques were applied to solve these problems such as structural modification, metal/nonmetal doping, and noble metal loading, and coupling semiconductors. In this chapter, we summarize recent progress in the synthesis and characterization of the g-C3N4-based photocatalyst. Several modification methods used to enhance the photocatalytic hydrogen production of g-C3N4-based photocatalyst were also highlighted. This chapter ends with the future research and challenges of hydrogen production over g-C3N4-based photocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ismael
- Institute of Chemistry, Technical Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg , Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11 , 26129 Oldenburg , Germany
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16
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Ai L, Shi R, Yang J, Zhang K, Zhang T, Lu S. Efficient Combination of G-C 3 N 4 and CDs for Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance: A Review of Synthesis, Strategies, and Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2007523. [PMID: 33683817 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202007523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Recently, heterogeneous photocatalysts have achieved much interest on account of their great potential applications in resolving many tough energy and environmental troubles around the world through an ecologically sustainable way. Heterogeneous nanocomposites composed of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3 N4 ) and carbon dots (CDs) possess broad spectrum absorption, appropriate electronic band structures, rapid carrier mobility, abundant reserves, excellent chemical stability, and facile synthesis methods, which make them promising composite photocatalysts for suitable applications such as photocatalytic solar fuels production and contaminant decomposition. With the rapid development in photocatalysis by hybridization of g-C3 N4 and CDs, a systematic summary and prospection of performance improvement are urgent and meaningful. This review first focuses on various kinds of effectively synthetic methods of composites. Following, the strategies available for enhanced performance, including morphology optimization, spectral absorption improvement, ternary or quaternary composition hybrid, lateral or vertical heterostructures construction, heteroatom doping, and so forth, are fully discussed. Then, the applications mainly in efficient photocatalytic hydrogen generation, photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction, and organic pollutants degradation are systematically demonstrated. Finally, the remaining issues and prospect of further development are proposed as some kind of guidance for powerful combination of g-C3 N4 and CDs with high efficiency to photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ai
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Run Shi
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Kan Zhang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Material and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Tierui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Siyu Lu
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
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17
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Kuchmiy SY. Photocatalytic Air Decontamination from Volatile Organic Pollutants Using Graphite-Like Carbon Nitride: a Review. THEOR EXP CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11237-021-09693-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Wang HN, Zou YH, Fu YM, Meng X, Xue L, Sun HX, Su ZM. Integration of zirconium-based metal-organic framework with CdS for enhanced photocatalytic conversion of CO 2 to CO. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:16977-16985. [PMID: 34610078 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr04417f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
It is a promising strategy to prepare composite photocatalysts based on MOFs and semiconductors for enhancing photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2). A family of binary composite photocatalysts (CdS@UiO-66-NH2) with different CdS contents have been designed and synthesized, which have been explored for photocatalytic reduction of CO2. CdS@UiO-66-NH2 can efficiently convert CO2 into CO under visible light irradiation via the solid-gas mode in the absence of sacrificial agents and photosensitizers. The generation rate of CO can reach up to 280.5 μmol g-1 h-1, which is 2.13-fold and 2.9-fold improvements over the pristine CdS and UiO-66-NH2, respectively, and the selectivity for CO is very high. Furthermore, this kind of photocatalysts can still maintain great photocatalytic activity in CO2/N2 mixed atmosphere with different CO2 concentrations. The outstanding performances of CdS@UiO-66-NH2 may be attributed to the existence of the direct Z-scheme heterojunction, which possesses the enhanced separation and migration of photo-generated charge carriers between UiO-66-NH2 and CdS, available specific surface areas and improved visible light absorption ability as well as abundant reaction active sites. This case reveals that MOF-based composite photocatalysts exhibit promising potential applications in the field of CO2 conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ning Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, China.
| | - Yan-Hong Zou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, China.
| | - Yao-Mei Fu
- Shandong Engineering Research Center of Green and High-value Marine Fine Chemical; Weifang University of Science and Technology, Shouguang, 262700, China
| | - Xing Meng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, China.
| | - Li Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, China.
| | - Hong-Xu Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, China.
| | - Zhong-Min Su
- Shandong Engineering Research Center of Green and High-value Marine Fine Chemical; Weifang University of Science and Technology, Shouguang, 262700, China
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, China
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Abstract
Many organic pollutants are discharged into the environment, which results in the frequent detection of organic pollutants in surface water and underground water. Some of the organic pollutants can stay for a long time in the environment due to their recalcitrance. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) can effectively treat the recalcitrant organic compounds in water. Photocatalysis as one of the AOPs has attracted a lot of interest. BiOCl and g-C3N4 are nice photocatalysts. However, their catalytic activity should be further improved for industrial utilization. The construction of heterojunction between the two different components is deemed as an efficient strategy for developing a highly efficient photocatalyst. As a typical type-II heterojunction, g-C3N4/BiOCl heterojunctions showed better photocatalytic performance. To date, the g-C3N4/BiOCl composites were mainly studied in the field of water purification. The photoactivity of the pristine catalysts was greatly enhanced by the combination of the two materials. However, three kinds of proposed mechanisms were used to explain the improvement of the g-C3N4/BiOCl heterojunctions. But few researchers tried to explain why there were three different scenarios employed to explain the charge transfer. According to the articles reviewed, no direct evidence could indicate whether the band structures of the heterojunctions based on BiOCl and g-C3N4 were changed. Therefore, many more studies are needed to reveal the truth. Having a clearer understanding of the mechanism is beneficial for researchers to construct more efficient photocatalysts. This article is trying to start a new direction of research to inspire more researchers to prepare highly effective photocatalysts.
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20
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Photocatalytic Fixation of Molecular Nitrogen in Systems Based on Graphite-Like Carbon Nitride: a Review. THEOR EXP CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11237-021-09678-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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21
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Guo L, Yang J, Zhang H, Wang R, Xu J, Wang J. Highly Enhanced Visible‐light Photocatalytic Activity via a Novel Surface Structure of CeO
2
/g−C
3
N
4
toward Removal of 2,4‐dichlorophenol and Cr(VI). ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Guo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University of Engineering Science LongTeng Road 333 Shanghai 201620 P.R. China
| | - Jingxia Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University of Engineering Science LongTeng Road 333 Shanghai 201620 P.R. China
| | - Huiqing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University of Engineering Science LongTeng Road 333 Shanghai 201620 P.R. China
| | - Runkai Wang
- College of Civil Engineering Kashgar University No. 29, College Road Kashgar City Xinjiang 844000 P.R. China
| | - Jingli Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University of Engineering Science LongTeng Road 333 Shanghai 201620 P.R. China
| | - Jinjie Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University of Engineering Science LongTeng Road 333 Shanghai 201620 P.R. China
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22
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Bai X, Jia T, Wang X, Hou S, Hao D, Bingjie-Ni. High carrier separation efficiency for a defective g-C3N4 with polarization effect and defect engineering: mechanism, properties and prospects. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy00595b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Different types of defects in g-C3N4 induce polarization effect to promote the separation of charge carriers and improve the photocatalytic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Bai
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture
- Beijing 100044
- China
| | - Tianqi Jia
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture
- Beijing 100044
- China
| | - Xuyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture
- Beijing 100044
- China
| | - Shanshan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture
- Beijing 100044
- China
| | - Derek Hao
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater (CTWW)
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- University of Technology Sydney (UTS)
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Bingjie-Ni
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater (CTWW)
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- University of Technology Sydney (UTS)
- Sydney
- Australia
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23
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Kumar S, Gawande MB, Kopp J, Kment S, Varma RS, Zbořil R. P- and F-co-doped Carbon Nitride Nanocatalysts for Photocatalytic CO 2 Reduction and Thermocatalytic Furanics Synthesis from Sugars. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:5231-5238. [PMID: 32687261 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A new P- and F-co-doped amorphous carbon nitride (PFCN) has been synthesized via sol-gel-mediated thermal condensation of dicyandiamide. Such synthesized P- and F-co-doped carbon nitride displayed a well-defined mesoporous nanostructure and enhanced visible light absorption region up to infrared with higher BET surface area of 260.93 m2 g-1 ; the highest recorded value for phosphorus-doped carbon nitride materials. Moreover, the formation mechanism is delineated and the role of templates was found to be essential not only in increasing the surface area but also in facilitating the co-doping of P and F atoms. Co-doping helped to narrow the optical band gap to 1.8 eV, thus enabling an excellent photocatalytic activity for the aqueous reduction of carbon dioxide into methanol under visible-light irradiation, which is fifteen times higher (119.56 μmol g-1 h-1 ) than the bare carbon nitride. P doping introduced Brønsted acidity into the material, turning it into an acid-base bifunctional catalyst. Consequently, the material was also investigated for the thermal conversion of common carbohydrates into furanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subodh Kumar
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Manoj B Gawande
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai-Marathwada Campus, Jalna, Maharashtra, 431213, India
| | - Josef Kopp
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Stepan Kment
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Rajender S Varma
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Zbořil
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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24
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Stroyuk O, Raievska O, Zahn DRT. Graphitic carbon nitride nanotubes: a new material for emerging applications. RSC Adv 2020; 10:34059-34087. [PMID: 35519070 PMCID: PMC9056768 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05580h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We provide a critical review of the current state of the synthesis and applications of nano- and micro-tubes of layered graphitic carbon nitride. This emerging material has a huge potential for light-harvesting applications, including light sensing, artificial photosynthesis, selective photocatalysis, hydrogen storage, light-induced motion, membrane technologies, and can become a major competitor for such established materials as carbon and titania dioxide nanotubes. Graphitic carbon nitride tubes (GCNTs) combine visible-light sensitivity, high charge carrier mobility, and exceptional chemical/photochemical stability, imparting this material with unrivaled photocatalytic activities in photosynthetic processes, such as water splitting and carbon dioxide reduction. The unique geometric GCNT structure and versatility of possible chemical modifications allow new photocatalytic applications of GCNTs to be envisaged including selective photocatalysts of multi-electron processes as well as light-induced and light-directed motion of GCNT-based microswimmers. Closely-packed arrays of aligned GCNTs show great promise as multifunctional membrane materials for the light energy conversion and storage, light-driven pumping of liquids, selective adsorption, and electrochemical applications. These emerging applications require synthetic routes to GCNTs with highly controlled morphological parameters and composition to be available. We recognize three major strategies for the GCNT synthesis including templating, supramolecular assembling of precursors, and scrolling of nano-/microsheets, and outline promising routes for further progress of these approaches in the light of the most important emerging applications of GCNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Stroyuk
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz-Institut Erlangen Nürnberg für Erneuerbare Energien (HI ERN) Immerwahrstr. 2 91058 Erlangen Germany
- L.V. Pysarzhevsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Nat. Acad. of Science of Ukraine 03028 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Oleksandra Raievska
- L.V. Pysarzhevsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Nat. Acad. of Science of Ukraine 03028 Kyiv Ukraine
- Semiconductor Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology D-09107 Chemnitz Germany
- Center for Materials, Architectures, and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology D-09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Dietrich R T Zahn
- Semiconductor Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology D-09107 Chemnitz Germany
- Center for Materials, Architectures, and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology D-09107 Chemnitz Germany
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25
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Jiang TJ, Luo CW, Xie C, Wei YH, Li A. Synthesis of oxygen-doped graphitic carbon nitride and its application for the degradation of organic pollutants via dark Fenton-like reactions. RSC Adv 2020; 10:32906-32918. [PMID: 35516513 PMCID: PMC9056629 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05202g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is a promising photocatalyst for environmental protection but its development is greatly limited for its application in dark Fenton-like reactions due to its extremely low specific surface area and lack of suitable active sites. Herein, for the first time, graphitic carbon nitride with large surface area and abundant defect sites was developed by tailoring oxygen via a simple and green method without any templates, namely, the calcination–hydrothermal–calcination successive treatment of melamine. The structure of the catalyst was characterized using several technologies, including XRD, SEM, TEM, N2-physisorption, FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy and XPS. The results revealed that it possessed a large specific surface area (ca. 236 m2 g−1), while changes in its structural properties such as the formation of new defect sites and change in the content of nitrogen atoms were observed. These properties were beneficial for the in situ activation of H2O2 toward reactive oxygen species, as confirmed by the reactive oxygen species capturing experiments. Furthermore, various influencing factors were systemically investigated. The results clearly showed that the oxygen-doped g-C3N4 was light-independent and metal-free Fenton-like catalyst for the enhanced degradation of organic pollutants in wastewater. Compared to the pristine g-C3N4, the oxygen-doped g-C3N4 showed superior performance under various conditions such as broad pH range and excellent stability. Thus, this study provides a novel pathway for the treatment of organic pollutants in water. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is a promising photocatalyst for environmental protection but its development is greatly limited for its application in dark Fenton-like reactions due to its extremely low specific surface area and lack of suitable active sites.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Jiao Jiang
- School of Resource Environmental and Safety Engineering, Cooperative Innovation Center for Nuclear Fuel Cycle Technology and Equipment, University of South China 421000 China +86-734-8282345
| | - Cai-Wu Luo
- School of Resource Environmental and Safety Engineering, Cooperative Innovation Center for Nuclear Fuel Cycle Technology and Equipment, University of South China 421000 China +86-734-8282345.,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 100085 China.,State Key Laboratory of Safety and Health for Metal Mines, Sinosteel Maanshan General Institute of Mining Research Co., Ltd 243000 China.,Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Material, LongYan University 364012 China
| | - Chao Xie
- School of Resource Environmental and Safety Engineering, Cooperative Innovation Center for Nuclear Fuel Cycle Technology and Equipment, University of South China 421000 China +86-734-8282345
| | - Yue-Hua Wei
- School of Resource Environmental and Safety Engineering, Cooperative Innovation Center for Nuclear Fuel Cycle Technology and Equipment, University of South China 421000 China +86-734-8282345
| | - An Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology 414000 China
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26
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Influence of C3N4 Precursors on Photoelectrochemical Behavior of TiO2/C3N4 Photoanode for Solar Water Oxidation. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13040974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical water splitting is considered as a long-term solution for the ever-increasing energy demands. Various strategies have been employed to improve the traditional TiO2 photoanode. In this study, TiO2 nanorods were decorated by graphitic carbon nitride (C3N4) derived from different precursors such as thiourea, melamine, and a mixture of thiourea and melamine. Photoelectrochemical activity of TiO2/C3N4 photoanode can be modified by tuning the number of precursors used to synthesize C3N4. C3N4 derived from the mixture of melamine and thiourea in TiO2/C3N4 photoanode showed photocurrent density as high as 2.74 mA/cm2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE. C3N4 synthesized by thiourea showed particle-like morphology, while melamine and melamine with thiourea derived C3N4 yielded two dimensional (2D) nanosheets. Nanosheet-like C3N4 showed higher photoelectrochemical performance than that of particle-like nanostructures as specific surface area, and the redox ability of nanosheets are believed to be superior to particle-like nanostructures. TiO2/C3N4 displayed excellent photostability up to 20 h under continuous illumination. Thiourea plays an important role in enhancing the photoelectrochemical performance of TiO2/C3N4. This study emphasizes the fact that the improved photoelectrochemical performance can be achieved by varying the precursors of C3N4 in TiO2/C3N4 heterojunction. This is the first report to show the influence of C3N4 precursors on photoelectrochemical performance in TiO2/C3N4 systems. This would pave the way to explore different precursors influence on C3N4 with respect to the photoelectrochemical response of TiO2/C3N4 heterojunction photoanode.
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27
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Shi J, Mao L, Cai C, Li G, Cheng C, Zheng B, Hu Y, Huang Z, Hu X, Żyła G. One-pot fabrication of 2D/2D HCa2Nb3O10/g-C3N4 type II heterojunctions towards enhanced photocatalytic H2 evolution under visible-light irradiation. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy01202e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Effective 2D-composite photocatalysts, HCa2Nb3O10/g-C3N4, with enhanced photocatalytic activity are conveniently synthesized by a facile one-pot method.
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28
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Xue B. Synthesis of graphitic carbon nitride—Nanostructured photocatalyst. NANO-MATERIALS AS PHOTOCATALYSTS FOR DEGRADATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS 2020:279-304. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-818598-8.00014-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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29
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Iqbal W, Yang B, Zhao X, Rauf M, Mohamed IMA, Zhang J, Mao Y. Facile one-pot synthesis of mesoporous g-C3N4 nanosheets with simultaneous iodine doping and N-vacancies for efficient visible-light-driven H2 evolution performance. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy02111f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Direct and efficient visible-light water splitting by photocatalysis is essential for the sustainable conversion of solar energy into H2 fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waheed Iqbal
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals
| | - Bo Yang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
- P. R. China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology
- Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100085
- China
| | - Muhammad Rauf
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
- P. R. China
| | - Ibrahim M. A. Mohamed
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
- P. R. China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
| | - Yanping Mao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
- P. R. China
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30
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Bai P, Wu N, Wang Y, Yang T, Li H, Zhang J, Chai Z, Wang X. pH-Controllable regeneration and visible-light photocatalytic redox of carbon and nitrogen co-doped Zn 3Nb 2O 8 towards degradation of multiple contaminants. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy00085j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
N/C–Zn3Nb2O8 with a compatible band structure and negative surface demonstrates enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity and stability in degradation of multiple pH-sensitive contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Bai
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics of Rare Earth Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Inner Mongolia University
- Hohhot 010021
- People's Republic of China
| | - Niri Wu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics of Rare Earth Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Inner Mongolia University
- Hohhot 010021
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanjiang Wang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics of Rare Earth Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Inner Mongolia University
- Hohhot 010021
- People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Yang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics of Rare Earth Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Inner Mongolia University
- Hohhot 010021
- People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics of Rare Earth Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Inner Mongolia University
- Hohhot 010021
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics of Rare Earth Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Inner Mongolia University
- Hohhot 010021
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanli Chai
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics of Rare Earth Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Inner Mongolia University
- Hohhot 010021
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics of Rare Earth Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Inner Mongolia University
- Hohhot 010021
- People's Republic of China
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31
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Wu P, Wu Z, Mullins DR, Yang SZ, Han X, Zhang Y, Foo GS, Li H, Zhu W, Dai S, Zhu H. Promoting Pt catalysis for CO oxidation via the Mott-Schottky effect. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:18568-18574. [PMID: 31287484 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr04055b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
CO oxidation is an important reaction both experimentally and industrially, and its performance is usually dominated by the charge states of catalysts. For example, CO oxidation on the platinum (Pt) surface requires a properly charged state for the balance of adsorption and activation of CO and O2. Here, we present "Mott-Schottky modulated catalysis" on Pt nanoparticles (NPs) via an electron-donating carbon nitride (CN) support with a tunable Fermi level. We demonstrate that properly-charged Pt presents an excellent catalytic CO oxidation activity with an initial conversion temperature as low as 25 °C and total CO conversion below 85 °C. The tunable electronic structure of Pt NPs, which is regulated by the Fermi level of CN, is a key factor in dominating the catalytic performance. This "Mott-Schottky modulated catalysis" concept may be extended to maneuver the charge state on other metal catalysts for targeted catalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiwen Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China. and Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA.
| | - Zili Wu
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA.
| | - David R Mullins
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA.
| | - Shi-Ze Yang
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Xue Han
- Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Yafen Zhang
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA.
| | - Guo Shiou Foo
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA.
| | - Huaming Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Wenshuai Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Sheng Dai
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA.
| | - Huiyuan Zhu
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA. and Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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32
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Graphitic Carbon Nitride Materials for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production via Water Splitting: A Short Review. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9100805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of photocatalytic hydrogen via water splitting under light irradiation is attracting much attention as an alternative to solve such problems as global warming and to increase interest in clean energy. However, due to the low efficiency and selectivity of photocatalytic hydrogen production under solar energy, a major challenge persists to improve the performance of photocatalytic hydrogen production through water splitting. In recent years, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), a non-metal photocatalyst, has emerged as an attractive material for photocatalytic hydrogen production. However, the fast recombination of photoexcited electron–hole pairs limits the rate of hydrogen evolution and various methods such as modification, heterojunctions with semiconductors, and metal and non-metal doping have been applied to solve this problem. In this review, we cover the rational design of g-C3N4-based photocatalysts achieved using methods such as modification, metal and non-metal doping, and heterojunctions, and we summarize recent achievements in their application as hydrogen production photocatalysts. In addition, future research and prospects of hydrogen-producing photocatalysts are also reviewed.
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33
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Photocatalytic Selective Oxidation of Organic Compounds in Graphitic Carbon Nitride Systems: A Review. THEOR EXP CHEM+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11237-019-09607-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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34
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Kessler FK, Schuhbeck AM, Schnick W. Melamium Thiocyanate Melam, a Melamium Salt with Disordered Anion Sites. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201900054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian K. Kessler
- Department of Chemistry; Chair in Inorganic Solid-State Chemistry; University of Munich (LMU); Butenandtstraße 5-13 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Alexander M. Schuhbeck
- Department of Chemistry; Chair in Inorganic Solid-State Chemistry; University of Munich (LMU); Butenandtstraße 5-13 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schnick
- Department of Chemistry; Chair in Inorganic Solid-State Chemistry; University of Munich (LMU); Butenandtstraße 5-13 81377 Munich Germany
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35
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Kessler FK, Schnick W. Ammelinium Sulfate Monohydrate and Ammelinium Sulfate Cyanuric Acid - Synthesis and Structural Characterization. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201900042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian K. Kessler
- Department of Chemistry; Chair in Inorganic Solid-State Chemistry; University of Munich (LMU); Butenandtstraße 5-13 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schnick
- Department of Chemistry; Chair in Inorganic Solid-State Chemistry; University of Munich (LMU); Butenandtstraße 5-13 81377 Munich Germany
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36
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Kessler FK, Schnick W. From Heptazines to Triazines - On the Formation of Poly(triazine imide). Z Anorg Allg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201900043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian K. Kessler
- Department of Chemistry; Chair in Inorganic Solid-State Chemistry; University of Munich (LMU); Butenandtstraße 5-13 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schnick
- Department of Chemistry; Chair in Inorganic Solid-State Chemistry; University of Munich (LMU); Butenandtstraße 5-13 81377 Munich Germany
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37
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Navarro-Aguilar AI, Obregón S, Hernández-Uresti DB, Suárez-de la Cruz J. Effective coupling of BiPO4/g-C3N4 hybrid composites in ciprofloxacin photodegradation. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-019-03825-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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38
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Interfacial engineering of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)-based metal sulfide heterojunction photocatalysts for energy conversion: A review. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(19)63293-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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39
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Waqas M, Yang B, Cao L, Zhao X, Iqbal W, Xiao K, Zhu C, Zhang J. Tuning the N-bonded cerium(iii) fraction/g-C3N4 interface in hollow structures using an in situ reduction treatment for superior photochemical hydrogen evolution. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy01305a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hybridized N-CeO2/g-C3N4 hollow structures show CeO2 surface oxygen vacancy population for enhanced hydrogen evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waqas
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
- P.R. China
| | - Bo Yang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
- P.R. China
| | - Lujie Cao
- Department of Material Science and Engineering
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen 518055
- P.R. China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100085
- P.R. China
| | - Waheed Iqbal
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
- P.R. China
| | - Ke Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
- P.R. China
| | - Caizhen Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
- P.R. China
| | - Junmin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
- P.R. China
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40
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Ojha N, Bajpai A, Kumar S. Visible light-driven enhanced CO2 reduction by water over Cu modified S-doped g-C3N4. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy01185d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized Cu modified S-doped g-C3N4 thin sheets using calcination followed by a wet-impregnation method. The photocatalytic activity was studied for reduction of CO2 to CO and CH4 in the presence of water and a plausible mechanism is explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niwesh Ojha
- Gas-Solid Interaction Laboratory
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Patna
- Patna
- India
| | - Abhinav Bajpai
- Gas-Solid Interaction Laboratory
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Patna
- Patna
- India
| | - Sushant Kumar
- Gas-Solid Interaction Laboratory
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Patna
- Patna
- India
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41
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Kumar A, Rana A, Sharma G, Naushad M, Al-Muhtaseb AH, Guo C, Iglesias-Juez A, Stadler FJ. High-Performance Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production and Degradation of Levofloxacin by Wide Spectrum-Responsive Ag/Fe 3O 4 Bridged SrTiO 3/g-C 3N 4 Plasmonic Nanojunctions: Joint Effect of Ag and Fe 3O 4. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:40474-40490. [PMID: 30387348 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b12753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Highly photoresponsive semiconductor photocatalysis for energy and environmental applications require judicious choice and optimization of semiconductor interfaces for wide spectral capabilities. This work aims at rational designing of highly active SrTiO3/g-C3N4 junctions bridged with Ag/Fe3O4 nanoparticles for utilizing Z-scheme transfer and surface plasmon resonance effect of Ag augmented by iron oxide. The SrTiO3/(Ag/Fe3O4)/g-C3N4 (SFC) catalyst was employed for photocatalytic hydrogen production and photodegradation of levofloxacin (LFC; 20 mg/L) under UV, visible, near infra-red, and natural solar light exhibiting high performance. Under visible light (<780 nm), SFC-3 sample (30 wt % g-C3N4 and 3% Ag/Fe3O4) shows a H2 evolution of 2008 μmol g-1 h-1 which is ∼14 times that of bare g-C3N4. In addition, 99.3% removal of LFC was degraded in 90 min under visible light with retention of activity under sun. The inherent topological properties, complete, higher charge separation, and reduced recombination allowed this catalyst for a high photocatalytic response which was proved by UV-diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, photoluminescence, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and photocurrent response measurements. Scavenging experiments and electron spin resonance analysis reveal that the mechanism shifts from a dual charge transfer in case of binary junction to essential Z-scheme with incorporation of Ag/Fe3O4. Both •O2- and •OH are main active radicals in visible light, whereas •O2- majorly participate under UV. The synergistic effect of SrTiO3, g-C3N4, and plasmon resonance of Ag/Fe3O4 not only improves light response and reduce recombination but also enhances the redox-ability of charge carriers. A H2 production mechanism and LFC degradation pathway (degradation, defluorination, and hydrolysis) has been predicted. This work paves a way for development of photocatalysts working in practical conditions for pollution and energy issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Nanshan District Key Laboratory for Biopolymers and Safety Evaluation , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen , 518055 , PR China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen , 518060 , PR China
| | - Anamika Rana
- School of Chemistry , Shoolini University , Solan , Himachal Pradesh 173229 , India
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Nanshan District Key Laboratory for Biopolymers and Safety Evaluation , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen , 518055 , PR China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen , 518060 , PR China
| | - Mu Naushad
- Advanced Material Research Chair, Department of Chemistry, College of Science , King Saud University , Building # 5 , Riyadh 11451 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Ala'a H Al-Muhtaseb
- Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , Sultan Qaboos University , Muscat 123 , Oman
| | - Changsheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment , Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences , Beijing 100012 , PR China
| | - Ana Iglesias-Juez
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC , C/Marie Curie 2 , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Florian J Stadler
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Nanshan District Key Laboratory for Biopolymers and Safety Evaluation , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen , 518055 , PR China
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