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Jing L, Xu Y, Xie M, Li Z, Wu C, Zhao H, Zhong N, Wang J, Wang H, Yan Y, Li H, Hu J. Cyano-Rich g-C 3 N 4 in Photochemistry: Design, Applications, and Prospects. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2304404. [PMID: 37670529 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Cyano-rich g-C3 N4 materials are widely used in various fields of photochemistry due to the very powerful electron-absorbing ability and electron storage function of cyano, as well as its advantages in improving light absorption, adjusting the energy band structure, increasing the polarization rate and electron density in the structure, active site concentration, and promoting oxygen activation ability. Notwithstanding, there is yet a huge knowledge break in the design, preparation, detection, application, and prospect of cyano-rich g-C3 N4 . Accordingly, an overall review is arranged to substantially comprehend the research progress and position of cyano-rich g-C3 N4 materials. An overall overview of the current research position in the synthesis, characterization (determination of their location and quantity), application, and reaction mechanism analysis of cyano-rich g-C3 N4 materials to provide a quantity of novel suggestions for cyano-modified carbon nitride materials' construction is provided. In view of the prevailing challenges and outlooks of cyano-rich g-C3 N4 materials, this paper will purify the growth direction of cyano-rich g-C3 N4 , to achieve a more in-depth exploration and broaden the applications of cyano-rich g-C3 N4 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Liquan Jing
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Yuanguo Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China
| | - Meng Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Chongchong Wu
- CNOOC Institute of Chemicals & Advanced Materials (CICM), Beijing, 102200, P. R. China
| | - Heng Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Na Zhong
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Jiu Wang
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Yubo Yan
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Environment Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, 223300, P. R. China
| | - Huaming Li
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China
| | - Jinguang Hu
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
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Nie Y, Bao R, Liu L, Yi J, Tao J, Min D, Li L, Tan S, Wang J, Zhang Z. Constructing a perfect, efficient heterojunction catalyst with HNO3 protonated C3N4 and GO-derived GOQDs via electrostatic self-assembly. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Wu T, He Q, Liu Z, Shao B, Liang Q, Pan Y, Huang J, Peng Z, Liu Y, Zhao C, Yuan X, Tang L, Gong S. Tube wall delamination engineering induces photogenerated carrier separation to achieve photocatalytic performance improvement of tubular g-C 3N 4. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127177. [PMID: 34583163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Morphology adjustment is a feasible method to change the physicochemical properties of photocatalysts. The issue that excessively thick tube wall of tubular g-C3N4 is not conducive to the electron migration from inside to the surface thus inhibiting the separation of photogenerated carriers has always been ignored. Potassium ions were used to regulate the structure of the tubular supramolecular precursor by breaking hydrogen bonds, thereby promoting the synthesis of delaminated laminar tubular g-C3N4 (K-CN), which not only shortened the transfer distance of photogenerated electrons but also provided abundant reaction active sites. Experiments and DFT calculations were combined to reveal the details of the physicochemical properties of K-CN. The photocatalytic capacity of K-CN for tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) degradation and H2O2 generation were 83% and 133 μM, respectively. This work not only synthesized a novel delaminated tubular g-C3N4 but also provided a strategy and inspiration for structure and performance optimization for tubular g-C3N4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Qingyun He
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Zhifeng Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Binbin Shao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Qinghua Liang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yuan Pan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Jing Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Zan Peng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Chenhui Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Xingzhong Yuan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Lin Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Shanxi Gong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
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Wu S, Wang Y. Construction of C@WS 2/g-C 3N 4 Z-scheme photocatalyst with C film as an effective electron mediator and its enhanced degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol under visible light. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 273:129746. [PMID: 33515963 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel Z-scheme heterojunction C@WS2/g-C3N4 composite was prepared with carbon as a bridge for improving the photocatalytic property. The results of composition and structure studies demonstrate that the introduced carbon was deposited on the surface of WS2 with a film form in the ternary composites. The analysis of optical and photo-electrochemical properties reveals that the carbon film played as an electron-mediator in the ternary composites and could improve the separation and transportation of photogenerated charge. Meanwhile, it could change the pathway of photogenerated electrons between WS2 and g-C3N4, thereby constructing a Z-scheme heterojunction for maintaining the redox ability of photogenerated charge. The ternary 2%-C@WS2/g-C3N4 composite exhibited an excellent photodegradation rate towards 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) under visible light irradiation, which was 3.15 and 3.06 times of the pure g-C3N4 and binary WS2/g-C3N4 composite, respectively. Besides, the degradation pathway of 2,4-DCP and photocatalytic degradation mechanisms were investigated and discussed in detail. The generated ·O2--, ·OH and h+ by ternary composites could promote the dechlorination reaction of 2,4-DCP effectively and decompose it into smaller organic molecules. This work extends the design of g-C3N4-based 2D/2D heterojunction or Z-scheme photocatalysts to remediate the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Wu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, PR China.
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Stroyuk O, Raievska O, Zahn DRT. Graphitic carbon nitride nanotubes: a new material for emerging applications. RSC Adv 2020; 10:34059-34087. [PMID: 35519070 PMCID: PMC9056768 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05580h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We provide a critical review of the current state of the synthesis and applications of nano- and micro-tubes of layered graphitic carbon nitride. This emerging material has a huge potential for light-harvesting applications, including light sensing, artificial photosynthesis, selective photocatalysis, hydrogen storage, light-induced motion, membrane technologies, and can become a major competitor for such established materials as carbon and titania dioxide nanotubes. Graphitic carbon nitride tubes (GCNTs) combine visible-light sensitivity, high charge carrier mobility, and exceptional chemical/photochemical stability, imparting this material with unrivaled photocatalytic activities in photosynthetic processes, such as water splitting and carbon dioxide reduction. The unique geometric GCNT structure and versatility of possible chemical modifications allow new photocatalytic applications of GCNTs to be envisaged including selective photocatalysts of multi-electron processes as well as light-induced and light-directed motion of GCNT-based microswimmers. Closely-packed arrays of aligned GCNTs show great promise as multifunctional membrane materials for the light energy conversion and storage, light-driven pumping of liquids, selective adsorption, and electrochemical applications. These emerging applications require synthetic routes to GCNTs with highly controlled morphological parameters and composition to be available. We recognize three major strategies for the GCNT synthesis including templating, supramolecular assembling of precursors, and scrolling of nano-/microsheets, and outline promising routes for further progress of these approaches in the light of the most important emerging applications of GCNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Stroyuk
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz-Institut Erlangen Nürnberg für Erneuerbare Energien (HI ERN) Immerwahrstr. 2 91058 Erlangen Germany
- L.V. Pysarzhevsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Nat. Acad. of Science of Ukraine 03028 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Oleksandra Raievska
- L.V. Pysarzhevsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Nat. Acad. of Science of Ukraine 03028 Kyiv Ukraine
- Semiconductor Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology D-09107 Chemnitz Germany
- Center for Materials, Architectures, and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology D-09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Dietrich R T Zahn
- Semiconductor Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology D-09107 Chemnitz Germany
- Center for Materials, Architectures, and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology D-09107 Chemnitz Germany
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Tang W, Tian Y, Chen B, Xu Y, Li B, Jing X, Zhang J, Xu S. Supramolecular Copolymerization Strategy for Realizing the Broadband White Light Luminescence Based on N-Deficient Porous Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g-C 3N 4). ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:6396-6406. [PMID: 31916432 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b19338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The N-deficient porous g-C3N4 with broadband white light emission was constructed by supramolecular copolymerization design, which combined organic copolymers cyanuric acid and 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine with melamine upon the mixture gas environment of (95%)N2/(5%)H2. Herein, we achieved great breakthrough in narrowing the band gap of g-C3N4 from 2.64 to 1.39 eV. Furthermore, in contrast to pristine g-C3N4, we demonstrated that the emission wavelengths of N-deficient porous g-C3N4 can be tuned from narrow blue to broadband white range, where the optimal white light coordinate position is (0.297, 0.345). The prepared N-deficient porous g-C3N4 overcomes the limitation of the narrow adjusting range of optical properties while using conventional g-C3N4 and makes it more promising for applications in solid-state displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Tang
- Institute of Photoelectric Materials and Devices , China Jiliang University , Hangzhou 310018 , PR China
| | - Ying Tian
- Institute of Photoelectric Materials and Devices , China Jiliang University , Hangzhou 310018 , PR China
| | - BoWen Chen
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology , China Jiliang University , Hangzhou 310018 , PR China
| | - Yayan Xu
- Institute of Photoelectric Materials and Devices , China Jiliang University , Hangzhou 310018 , PR China
| | - Bingpeng Li
- Institute of Photoelectric Materials and Devices , China Jiliang University , Hangzhou 310018 , PR China
| | - Xufeng Jing
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology , China Jiliang University , Hangzhou 310018 , PR China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Institute of Photoelectric Materials and Devices , China Jiliang University , Hangzhou 310018 , PR China
| | - Shiqing Xu
- Institute of Photoelectric Materials and Devices , China Jiliang University , Hangzhou 310018 , PR China
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