1
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Krämer F. Aluminum in Frustrated Lewis Pair Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405207. [PMID: 38826040 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
This review article describes the development of the use of aluminum compounds in the chemistry of frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) over the last 14 years. It also discusses the synthesis, reactivity and catalytic applications of intermolecular, intramolecular and so-called hidden FLPs with phosphorus, nitrogen and carbon Lewis bases. The intrinsically higher acidity of aluminum compounds compared to their boron analogs opens up different reaction pathways. The results are presented in a more or less chronological order. It is shown that Al FLPs react with a variety of polar and non-polar substrates and form both stable adducts and reversibly activate bonds. Consequently, some catalytic applications of the title compounds were presented such as dimerization of alkynes, hydrogenation of tert-butyl ethylene and imines, C-F bond activation, reduction of CO2, dehydrogenation of amine borane and transfer of ammonia. In addition, various Al FLPs were used as initiators in polymerization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Krämer
- C1 Green Chemicals AG, Am Studio 2a, 12489, Berlin, Germany
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2
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Goswami S, Mandal P, Sarkar S, Mukherjee M, Pal S, Mallick D, Mukherjee D. Flexible NHC-aryloxido aluminum complex and its zwitterionic imidazolium aluminate precursor in ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:1346-1354. [PMID: 38164613 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02932h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Anionic donor-functionalized NHC (N-heterocyclic carbene) complexes of Al are rare. We report one such case here, an NHC-aryloxido AlMe2 complex [Al(L)Me2] (2), following a stepwise synthesis from the proligand [HO-4,6-tBu2-C6H2-2-CH2{CH(NCHCHNAr)}]Br [LH2Br; Ar = 2,6-iPr2-C6H3 (Dipp)] and AlMe3via the zwitterionic intermediate [Al(LH)Me2Br] (1). The ligand's flexibility in 2 is evident from the conformational fluxionality revealed by VT-1H NMR spectroscopic analysis. The ∠O-Al-C (ca. 100.5°) bite angle is also wider than the ∠O-Ti-C (ca. 80.6°) as seen in our recently reported Ti complex [Ti(L)(NMe2)2Br]. DFT analysis showed that the CNHC-Al bond is significantly ionic, as is the CNHC-Ti bond. Both 1 and 2 are active in the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of ε-caprolactone (CL). 2, similar to [Ti(L)(NMe2)2Br], exhibits bifunctional MLC-type monomer activation, but only at an elevated temperature. However, the 2/BnOH combination is catalytically active at room temperature, likely through a zwitterionic [Al(LH)Me2(OBn)]. The 1/BnOH combination follows a similar mechanism but surprisingly at a faster rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santu Goswami
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, West Bengal, India.
| | - Pranay Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, West Bengal, India.
| | - Subham Sarkar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, West Bengal, India.
- Department of Chemistry, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700073, West Bengal, India.
| | - Mainak Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Rajasthan 342037, India.
| | - Samanwita Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Rajasthan 342037, India.
| | - Dibyendu Mallick
- Department of Chemistry, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700073, West Bengal, India.
| | - Debabrata Mukherjee
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, West Bengal, India.
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3
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Wilde T, Murphy F, Smylie CRT, Kennedy AR, Weetman CE. Synthesis and Reactivity of an Aluminium N-heterocyclic Aminal. Chem Asian J 2023:e202301058. [PMID: 38149325 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202301058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Tethered N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are an emerging class of ligand, as they feature all the desirable aspects of NHCs (ease of synthesis, high tunabilty) but also enable metal-ligand cooperativity when combined with Lewis acidic metal centres due to the donor-acceptor nature of the complexes formed. Herein we report a simple ethoxy-tethered NHC for the stabilisation of Al(III) hydrides, resulting in the unexpected formation of a bicyclic N-heterocyclic aminal (1). Compound 1 behaves as a metal hydride, capable of reducing benzophenone and carbodiimide to yield compounds 2 and 3, respectively. Furthermore, we show that 1 behaves as an efficient catalyst in the dehydrocoupling of amine-boranes due to the hemi-labile nature of the supporting ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Wilde
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL
| | - Fáinché Murphy
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL
| | - Cooper R T Smylie
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL
| | - Catherine E Weetman
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL
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4
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Escomel L, Soulé N, Robin E, Del Rosal I, Maron L, Jeanneau E, Thieuleux C, Camp C. Rational Preparation of Well-Defined Multinuclear Iridium–Aluminum Polyhydride Clusters and Comparative Reactivity. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:5715-5730. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Léon Escomel
- Laboratory of Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials, CP2M UMR 5128, CNRS, Université de Lyon, Institut de Chimie de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, ESCPE Lyon, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Naïme Soulé
- Laboratory of Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials, CP2M UMR 5128, CNRS, Université de Lyon, Institut de Chimie de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, ESCPE Lyon, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Emmanuel Robin
- Laboratory of Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials, CP2M UMR 5128, CNRS, Université de Lyon, Institut de Chimie de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, ESCPE Lyon, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Iker Del Rosal
- Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSA, UPS, UMR 5215, LPCNO, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Maron
- Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSA, UPS, UMR 5215, LPCNO, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Erwann Jeanneau
- Université de Lyon, Centre de Diffractométrie Henri Longchambon, 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Chloé Thieuleux
- Laboratory of Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials, CP2M UMR 5128, CNRS, Université de Lyon, Institut de Chimie de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, ESCPE Lyon, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Clément Camp
- Laboratory of Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials, CP2M UMR 5128, CNRS, Université de Lyon, Institut de Chimie de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, ESCPE Lyon, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France
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5
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Zhang T, Luan YX, Lam NYS, Li JF, Li Y, Ye M, Yu JQ. A directive Ni catalyst overrides conventional site selectivity in pyridine C-H alkenylation. Nat Chem 2021; 13:1207-1213. [PMID: 34635815 PMCID: PMC8633040 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-021-00792-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Achieving the transition metal-catalysed pyridine C3-H alkenylation, with pyridine as the limiting reagent, has remained a long-standing challenge. Previously, we disclosed that the use of strong coordinating bidentate ligands can overcome catalyst deactivation and provide Pd-catalysed C3 alkenylation of pyridines. However, this strategy proved ineffective when using pyridine as the limiting reagent, as it required large excesses and high concentrations to achieve reasonable yields, which rendered it inapplicable to complex pyridines prevalent in bioactive molecules. Here we report that a bifunctional N-heterocyclic carbene-ligated Ni-Al catalyst can smoothly furnish C3-H alkenylation of pyridines. This method overrides the intrinsic C2 and/or C4 selectivity, and provides a series of C3-alkenylated pyridines in 43-99% yields and up to 98:2 C3 selectivity. This method not only allows a variety of pyridine and heteroarene substrates to be used as the limiting reagent, but is also effective for the late-stage C3 alkenylation of diverse complex pyridine motifs in bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu-Xin Luan
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Jiang-Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengchun Ye
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Jin-Quan Yu
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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6
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Pollard VA, Fuentes MA, Robertson SD, Weetman C, Kennedy AR, Brownlie J, Angus FJ, Smylie C, Mulvey RE. Reactivity studies and structural outcomes of a bulky dialkylaluminium amide in the presence of the N-heterocyclic carbene, ItBu. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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7
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Dąbrowska AM, Hurko A, Durka K, Dranka M, Horeglad P. The Effect of Symmetric and Asymmetric NHCs on the Structure and Catalytic Properties of Dialkylgallium Alkoxides in the Ring-Opening Polymerization of rac-Lactide—Linking the Structure, Activity, and Stereoselectivity. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Dąbrowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksander Hurko
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Durka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Dranka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Horeglad
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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8
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Escomel L, Del Rosal I, Maron L, Jeanneau E, Veyre L, Thieuleux C, Camp C. Strongly Polarized Iridium δ--Aluminum δ+ Pairs: Unconventional Reactivity Patterns Including CO 2 Cooperative Reductive Cleavage. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:4844-4856. [PMID: 33735575 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The iridium tetrahydride complex Cp*IrH4 reacts with a range of isobutylaluminum derivatives of general formula Al(iBu)x(OAr)3-x (x = 1, 2) to give the unusual iridium aluminum species [Cp*IrH3Al(iBu)(OAr)] (1) via a reductive elimination route. The Lewis acidity of the Al atom in complex 1 is confirmed by the coordination of pyridine, leading to the adduct [Cp*IrH3Al(iBu)(OAr)(Py)] (2). Spectroscopic, crystallographic, and computational data support the description of these heterobimetallic complexes 1 and 2 as featuring strongly polarized Al(III)δ+-Ir(III)δ- interactions. Reactivity studies demonstrate that the binding of a Lewis base to Al does not quench the reactivity of the Ir-Al motif and that both species 1 and 2 promote the cooperative reductive cleavage of a range of heteroallenes. Specifically, complex 2 promotes the decarbonylation of CO2 and AdNCO, leading to CO (trapped as Cp*IrH2(CO)) and the alkylaluminum oxo ([(iBu)(OAr)Al(Py)]2(μ-O) (3)) and ureate ({Al(OAr)(iBu)[κ2-(N,O)AdNC(O)NHAd]} (4)) species, respectively. The bridged amidinate species Cp*IrH2(μ-CyNC(H)NCy)Al(iBu)(OAr) (5) is formed in the reaction of 2 with dicyclohexylcarbodiimine. Mechanistic investigations via DFT support cooperative heterobimetallic bond activation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léon Escomel
- Laboratory of Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials, CP2M UMR 5128, Université de Lyon, Institut de Chimie de Lyon, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, ESCPE Lyon, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Iker Del Rosal
- Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSA, UPS, UMR 5215, LPCNO, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Maron
- Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSA, UPS, UMR 5215, LPCNO, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Erwann Jeanneau
- Université de Lyon, Centre de Diffractométrie Henri Longchambon, 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Laurent Veyre
- Laboratory of Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials, CP2M UMR 5128, Université de Lyon, Institut de Chimie de Lyon, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, ESCPE Lyon, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Chloé Thieuleux
- Laboratory of Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials, CP2M UMR 5128, Université de Lyon, Institut de Chimie de Lyon, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, ESCPE Lyon, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Clément Camp
- Laboratory of Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials, CP2M UMR 5128, Université de Lyon, Institut de Chimie de Lyon, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, ESCPE Lyon, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France
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9
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Liu S, Amaro-Estrada JI, Baltrun M, Douair I, Schoch R, Maron L, Hohloch S. Catalytic Deoxygenation of Nitroarenes Mediated by High-Valent Molybdenum(VI)–NHC Complexes. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shenyu Liu
- Paderborn University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | | | - Marc Baltrun
- Paderborn University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Iskander Douair
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, INSA Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Roland Schoch
- Paderborn University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, INSA Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Stephan Hohloch
- University of Innsbruck, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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10
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Petit J, Pavard PA, Camp C. Unusually large ‘yaw’ angle upon coordination of a new bulky unsymmetrical 3-hydroxyadamantyl-functionalized N-heterocyclic carbene ligand to rhodium(i). MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2021.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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11
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Srivastava R, Jakoobi M, Thieuleux C, Quadrelli EA, Camp C. A family of rhodium(i) NHC chelates featuring O-containing tethers for catalytic tandem alkene isomerization-hydrosilylation. Dalton Trans 2020; 50:869-879. [PMID: 33237067 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03698f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The rhodium complex Rh(HL)(COD)Cl, 1, L being a functionalized N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand with an oxygen-containing pendant arm, has been used as the entry point to synthesize a series of neutral and cationic Rh(i) O,C chelates. While the Rh-carbene interaction is similar in all these 16-electron complexes, structural analysis reveals that the strength of the Rh-O bond is greatly affected by the nature of the O-donor: R-O- > R-OH > R-OBF3. These subtle changes in the nature of the O-containing tether are found to be responsible for large differences in the alkene hydrosilylation catalytic activity of these compounds: the stronger the Rh-O interaction, the better the catalytic performances. The most active catalyst, [Rh(L)(COD)], 2, demonstrated good catalytic activity under mild reaction conditions for the hydrosilylation of a range of alkene substrates with the industrially relevant non-activated tertiary silane, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-heptamethyltrisiloxane (MDHM). Furthermore, this complex is an effective catalyst for the selective remote functionalization of internal olefins at room temperature via tandem alkene isomerization-hydrosilylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Srivastava
- Université de Lyon, Institut de Chimie de Lyon, C2P2 UMR 5265 CNRS-UCBL-CPE Lyon, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France.
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12
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Chernyshev VM, Denisova EA, Eremin DB, Ananikov VP. The key role of R-NHC coupling (R = C, H, heteroatom) and M-NHC bond cleavage in the evolution of M/NHC complexes and formation of catalytically active species. Chem Sci 2020; 11:6957-6977. [PMID: 33133486 PMCID: PMC7553045 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02629h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Complexes of metals with N-heterocyclic carbene ligands (M/NHC) are typically considered the systems of choice in homogeneous catalysis due to their stable metal-ligand framework. However, it becomes obvious that even metal species with a strong M-NHC bond can undergo evolution in catalytic systems, and processes of M-NHC bond cleavage are common for different metals and NHC ligands. This review is focused on the main types of the M-NHC bond cleavage reactions and their impact on activity and stability of M/NHC catalytic systems. For the first time, we consider these processes in terms of NHC-connected and NHC-disconnected active species derived from M/NHC precatalysts and classify them as fundamentally different types of catalysts. Problems of rational catalyst design and sustainability issues are discussed in the context of the two different types of M/NHC catalysis mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Chernyshev
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI) , Prosveschenya 132 , Novocherkassk , 346428 , Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Denisova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry , Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky Prospect 47 , 119991 Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry B Eremin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry , Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky Prospect 47 , 119991 Moscow , Russian Federation
- The Bridge@USC , University of Southern California , 1002 Childs Way , Los Angeles , California 90089-3502 , USA
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI) , Prosveschenya 132 , Novocherkassk , 346428 , Russia
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry , Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky Prospect 47 , 119991 Moscow , Russian Federation
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13
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Evans KJ, Mansell SM. Functionalised N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands in Bimetallic Architectures. Chemistry 2020; 26:5927-5941. [PMID: 31981386 PMCID: PMC7317719 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have become immensely successful ligands in coordination chemistry and homogeneous catalysis due to their strong terminal σ-donor properties. However, by targeting NHC ligands with additional functionalisation, a new area of NHC coordination chemistry has developed that has enabled NHCs to be used to build up bimetallic and multimetallic architectures. This minireview covers the development of functionalised NHC ligands that incorporate additional donor sites in order to coordinate two or more metal atoms. This can be through the N-atom of the NHC ring, through a donor group attached to the N-atom or the carbon backbone, coordination of the π-bond or an annulated π-donor on the backbone, or through direct metalation of the backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieren J. Evans
- Institute of Chemical SciencesHeriot-Watt UniversityEdinburghEH14 4ASUK
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14
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Asada T, Hoshimoto Y, Ogoshi S. Rotation-Triggered Transmetalation on a Heterobimetallic Cu/Al N-Phosphine-Oxide-Substituted Imidazolylidene Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:9772-9784. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Asada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoichi Hoshimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sensuke Ogoshi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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15
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Srivastava R, Quadrelli EA, Camp C. Lability of Ta–NHC adducts as a synthetic route towards heterobimetallic Ta/Rh complexes. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:3120-3128. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00344a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This work highlights the reactivity of Ta–NHC adducts and the aptitude of the NHC motif to transfer from Ta to Rh which is used with profit as an efficient synthetic route to access early/late heterobimetallic complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Srivastava
- Université de Lyon
- Institut de Chimie de Lyon
- C2P2 UMR 5265 CNRS
- F-69616 Villeurbanne
- France
| | | | - Clément Camp
- Université de Lyon
- Institut de Chimie de Lyon
- C2P2 UMR 5265 CNRS
- F-69616 Villeurbanne
- France
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16
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Zaremba R, Dranka M, Trzaskowski B, Chęcińska L, Horeglad P. Probing the M–CNHC Bond and Its Effect on the Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of R2MOR(NHC) (M = Al, Ga, In) Complexes. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Zaremba
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Dranka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Trzaskowski
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lilianna Chęcińska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 163/165, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paweł Horeglad
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
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