1
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Siddhartha, Rangarajan S, Kunchur HS, Balakrishna MS. A greener approach towards the synthesis of N-heterocyclic thiones and selones using the mechanochemical technique. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:15750-15761. [PMID: 36178103 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02322a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript describes the synthesis of N-heterocyclic thiones and selones of a variety of imidazolium salts involving an eco-friendly and solventless ball-milling technique. The products have been isolated in almost quantitative yield, involving a minimum quantity of solvents only for the isolation of products by column chromatography, and in some cases for purification purposes. Both mono- and bisimidazolium salts afforded N-heterocyclic thiones and selones. The methodology is found to be superior in terms of reaction time, yield and energy efficiency as compared to conventional solution-state reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha
- Phosphorus Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Shalini Rangarajan
- Phosphorus Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Harish S Kunchur
- Phosphorus Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Maravanji S Balakrishna
- Phosphorus Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
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2
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Saab M, Nelson DJ, Leech MC, Lam K, Nolan SP, Nahra F, Van Hecke K. Reactions of N-heterocyclic carbene-based chalcogenoureas with halogens: a diverse range of outcomes. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:3721-3733. [PMID: 35169826 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00010e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the reactions of chalcogenoureas derived from N-heterocyclic carbenes, referred to here as [E(NHC)], with halogens. Depending on the structure of the chalcogenourea and the identity of the halogen, a diverse range of reactivity was observed and a corresponding range of structures was obtained. Cyclic voltammetry was carried out to characterise the oxidation and reduction potentials of these [E(NHC)] species; selenoureas were found to be easier to oxidise than the corresponding thioureas. In some cases, a correlation was found between the oxidation potential of these compounds and the electronic properties of the corresponding NHC. The reactivity of these chalcogenoureas with different halogenating reagents (Br2, SO2Cl2, I2) was then investigated, and products were characterised using NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. X-ray analyses elucidated the solid-state coordination types of the obtained products, showing that a variety of possible adducts can be obtained. In some cases, we were able to extrapolate a structure/activity correlation to explain the observed trends in reactivity and oxidation potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Saab
- XStruct, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, Building S3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - David J Nelson
- WestCHEM Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, Scotland, UK
| | - Matthew C Leech
- School of Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Kevin Lam
- School of Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Steven P Nolan
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, Building S3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fady Nahra
- XStruct, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, Building S3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. .,VITO (Flemish Institute for Technological Research), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium.
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- XStruct, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, Building S3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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3
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Cauwenbergh T, Scattolin T, Simoens A, Tzouras NV, Stevens CV, Nolan SP. Continuous Flow Synthesis of Sulfur‐ and Selenium−NHC Compounds (NHC=
N
‐Heterocyclic Carbene). European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Cauwenbergh
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281, S3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Thomas Scattolin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281, S3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Andreas Simoens
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology Synthesis Biosources and Bioorganic Chemistry (SynBioC) Research Group Ghent University Coupure Links 653 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Nikolaos V. Tzouras
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281, S3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Christian V. Stevens
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology Synthesis Biosources and Bioorganic Chemistry (SynBioC) Research Group Ghent University Coupure Links 653 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Steven P. Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281, S3 9000 Ghent Belgium
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4
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Ho LP, Neitzel A, Bannenberg T, Tamm M. Rhodium and Iridium Complexes of Anionic Thione and Selone Ligands Derived from Anionic N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202104139. [PMID: 34878696 PMCID: PMC9305287 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The lithium salts of anionic N‐heterocyclic thiones and selones [{(WCA‐IDipp)E}Li(toluene)] (1: E=S; 2: E=Se; WCA=B(C6F5)3, IDipp=1,3‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazolin‐2‐ylidene), which contain a weakly coordinating anionic (WCA) borate moiety in the imidazole backbone were reacted with Me3SiCl, to furnish the silylated adducts (WCA‐IDipp)ESiMe3 (3: E=S; 4: E=Se). The reaction of the latter with [(η5‐C5Me5)MCl2]2 (M=Rh, Ir) afforded the rhodium(III) and iridium(III) half‐sandwich complexes [{(WCA‐IDipp)E}MCl(η5‐C5Me5)] (5–8). The direct reaction of the lithium salts 1 and 2 with a half or a full equivalent of [M(COD)Cl]2 (M=Rh, Ir) afforded the monometallic complexes [{(WCA‐IDipp)E}M(COD)] (9–12) or the bimetallic complexes [μ2‐{(WCA‐IDipp)E}M2(COD)2(μ2‐Cl)] (13–16), respectively. The bonding situation in these complexes has been investigated by means of density functional theory (DFT) calculations, revealing thiolate or selenolate ligand character with negligible metal‐chalcogen π‐interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luong Phong Ho
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Angelika Neitzel
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas Bannenberg
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
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5
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Voloshkin VA, Tzouras NV, Nolan SP. Recent advances in the synthesis and derivatization of N-heterocyclic carbene metal complexes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:12058-12068. [PMID: 34519733 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01847g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) metal complexes have gained an incredible amount of attention in the course of the last two decades and have become indispensable as an intricate part of a plethora of applications. The areas of their synthesis and derivatization are constantly evolving and bring new, more sustainable, cost-effective and simpler approaches to the design of existing and next generation catalysts and materials. This article provides an overview of the latest developments, focusing on those which have appeared during the last two years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav A Voloshkin
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S-3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Nikolaos V Tzouras
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S-3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Steven P Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S-3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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6
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Menia D, Kopacka H, Wurst K, Müller T, Lippmann P, Ott I, Bildstein B. Cobaltoceniumselenolate Gold(I) Complexes: Synthesis, Spectroscopic, Structural and Anticancer Properties. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021; 2021:2784-2786. [PMID: 34413703 PMCID: PMC8362036 DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cobaltoceniumselenolate is an unusual, highly air-sensitive, mesoionic compound containing a very soft anionic selenium donor atom. Here we explore its coordination chemistry with Au(I) metal centers and show that its hetero- and homoleptic gold complexes are highly colored, air-stable compounds, which were characterized by 1H/13C/31P/77Se NMR, IR, UV-Vis, HR-MS and single crystal XRD. Cytotoxicity of these polar, water-soluble complexes was studied against various standard cancer cell lines (A549MDA-MB-231, HT-29) revealing good anticancer activity of all three complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Menia
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of InnsbruckCenter for Chemistry and BiomedicineInnrain 80–826020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Holger Kopacka
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of InnsbruckCenter for Chemistry and BiomedicineInnrain 80–826020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Klaus Wurst
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of InnsbruckCenter for Chemistry and BiomedicineInnrain 80–826020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of InnsbruckCenter for Chemistry and BiomedicineInnrain 80–826020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Petra Lippmann
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical ChemistryTechnische Universität BraunschweigBeethovenstr. 5538106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Ingo Ott
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical ChemistryTechnische Universität BraunschweigBeethovenstr. 5538106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Benno Bildstein
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of InnsbruckCenter for Chemistry and BiomedicineInnrain 80–826020InnsbruckAustria
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7
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Ho LP, Koneczny M, Bannenberg T, Tamm M. Determination of the π-Accepting Properties of Borate-, Aluminate-, and Gallate-Functionalized N-Heterocyclic Carbenes by 77Se NMR Spectroscopy. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:9019-9028. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luong Phong Ho
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Brauschweig, Germany
| | - Marvin Koneczny
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Brauschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas Bannenberg
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Brauschweig, Germany
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Brauschweig, Germany
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8
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Adinarayana M, Nandeshwar M, Srinivas K, Prabusankar G. Super bulky Bismuth(III) imidazole selones. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2020.114932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Nandeshwar M, Adinarayana M, Srinivas K, Velappan K, Prabusankar G. Rare antimony(III) imidazole selone complexes: steric controlled structural and bonding aspects. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:17331-17340. [PMID: 33206066 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02999h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel antimony(iii) imidazole selone complexes in a super crowded environment are reported for the first time. The super bulky selone antimony complexes, [{IPr*Se}(SbCl3)2] (1) and [{IPr*Se}(SbBr3)2] (2), were isolated from the reactions between IPr*Se (IPr*Se = [1,3-bis(2,6-diphenylmethylphenyl)imidazole selone]) and suitable antimony(iii) halides. 1 and 2 are dinuclear complexes with a Sb : Se ratio of 1 : 0.5 with an unusual coordination mode of selone. The molecules 1 and 2 consist of both Menshutkin-type Sbπaryl interactions and a Sb-Se coordination bond. However, the reaction between antimony(iii) halides and [(IPaul)Se] ([(IPaul)Se] = [1,3-bis(2,4-methyl-6-diphenyl phenyl)imidazole selone]) with a spatially defined steric impact gave the dinuclear complex [{(IPaul)Se}(SbCl3)]2 (3) and the mononuclear complex [{(IPaul)Se}(SbBr3)] (4) without Menshutkin-type interactions. The Sb : Se ratio in 3 and 4 is 1 : 1. Interestingly, the Menshutkin-type interaction was absent in 3 and 4 due to the efficient coordinating ability of the ligand [(IPaul)Se] with the Sb(iii) center compared to that of the super bulky ligand IPr*Se. The thermal property of these antimony selone complexes was also investigated. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out on the model systems [L(SbCl3)2] (1A), [L(SbCl3)] (1B), [L'(SbCl3)2] (1C), and [L'(SbCl3)] (1D), where L = [1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropyl-4-methyl phenyl)imidazole selone] and L' = [1,3-bis(phenyl)imidazole selone], to understand the nature of orbitals and bonding situations. The computed metrical parameters of 1A are in good agreement with the experimental values. Natural population analysis of the model system reveals that the natural charge and total population of antimony(iii) are comparable. The unequal interaction between selenium and antimony obtained using Wiberg bond indices (WBIs) is fully consistent with the findings of the single-crystal X-ray studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneshwar Nandeshwar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, 502 285, India.
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10
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Moussa ME, Schiller J, Peresypkina E, Seidl M, Balázs G, Shelyganov P, Scheer M. The Potential of the Diarsene Complex [(C 5 H 5 ) 2 Mo 2 (CO) 4 (μ,η 2 -As 2 )] as a Connector Between Silver Ions. Chemistry 2020; 26:14315-14319. [PMID: 32531104 PMCID: PMC7702026 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of the organometallic diarsene complex [Cp2Mo2(CO)4(μ,η2‐As2)] (B) (Cp = C5H5) with Ag[FAl{OC6F10(C6F5)}3] (Ag[FAl]) and Ag[Al{OC(CF3)3}4] (Ag[TEF]), respectively, yields three unprecedented supramolecular assemblies [(η2‐B)4Ag2][FAl]2 (4), [(μ,η1:η2‐B)3(η2‐B)2Ag3][TEF]3 (5) and [(μ,η1:η2‐B)4Ag3][TEF]3 (6). These products are only composed of the complexes B and AgI. Moreover, compounds 5 and 6 are the only supramolecular assemblies featuring B as a linking unit, and the first examples of [AgI]3 units stabilized by organometallic bichelating ligands. According to DFT calculations, complex B coordinates to metal centers through both the As lone pair and the As−As σ‐bond thus showing this unique feature of this diarsene ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Elsayed Moussa
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jana Schiller
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Eugenia Peresypkina
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Seidl
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gábor Balázs
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Pavel Shelyganov
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
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11
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Jia W, Du T, Gao L, Du J. Synthesis, characterization, and catalytic activity of half‐sandwich ruthenium complexes with pyridine/phenylene bridged NHC = E (NHC = N‐heterocyclic carbene, E = S, Se) ligands. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei‐Guo Jia
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecular‐Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials ScienceAnhui Normal University Wuhu 241002 China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of Science Fuzhou 350002 China
| | - Teng‐Teng Du
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecular‐Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials ScienceAnhui Normal University Wuhu 241002 China
| | - Li‐Li Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecular‐Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials ScienceAnhui Normal University Wuhu 241002 China
| | - Jun Du
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecular‐Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials ScienceAnhui Normal University Wuhu 241002 China
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12
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Evans R. The interpretation of small molecule diffusion coefficients: Quantitative use of diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 117:33-69. [PMID: 32471534 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Measuring accurate molecular self-diffusion coefficients, D, by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques has become routine as hardware, software and experimental methodologies have all improved. However, the quantitative interpretation of such data remains difficult, particularly for small molecules. This review article first provides a description of, and explanation for, the failure of the Stokes-Einstein equation to accurately predict small molecule diffusion coefficients, before moving on to three broadly complementary methods for their quantitative interpretation. Two are based on power laws, but differ in the nature of the reference molecules used. The third addresses the uncertainties in the Stokes-Einstein equation directly. For all three methods, a wide range of examples are used to show the range of chemistry to which diffusion NMR can be applied, and how best to implement the different methods to obtain quantitative information from the chemical systems studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Evans
- Aston Institute of Materials Research, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom.
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13
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Tzouras NV, Nahra F, Falivene L, Cavallo L, Saab M, Van Hecke K, Collado A, Collett CJ, Smith AD, Cazin CSJ, Nolan SP. A Mechanistically and Operationally Simple Route to Metal-N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Complexes. Chemistry 2020; 26:4515-4519. [PMID: 32022329 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We have been puzzled by the involvement of weak organic and inorganic bases in the synthesis of metal-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes. Such bases are insufficiently strong to permit the presumed required deprotonation of the azolium salt (the carbene precursor) prior to metal binding. Experimental and computational studies provide support for a base-assisted concerted process that does not require free NHC formation. The synthetic protocol was found applicable to a number of transition-metal- and main-group-centered NHC compounds and could become the synthetic route of choice to form M-NHC bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos V Tzouras
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281,S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fady Nahra
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281,S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Separation and Conversion Technology Unit, VITO (Flemish Institute for Technological Research), Boeretang 200, B-2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - Laura Falivene
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marina Saab
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281,S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281,S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alba Collado
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | | | - Andrew D Smith
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Catherine S J Cazin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281,S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven P Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281,S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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14
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Saab M, Nelson DJ, Tzouras NV, A. C. A. Bayrakdar T, Nolan SP, Nahra F, Van Hecke K. Straightforward access to chalcogenoureas derived from N-heterocyclic carbenes and their coordination chemistry. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:12068-12081. [PMID: 32820302 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02558e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe a straightforward access to chalcogenoureas derived from N-heterocyclic carbenes, and we investigate the coordination chemistry of selenoureas with coinage metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Saab
- Department of Chemistry
- Ghent University
- 9000 Ghent
- Belgium
| | - David J. Nelson
- WestCHEM Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
| | | | | | | | - Fady Nahra
- Department of Chemistry
- Ghent University
- 9000 Ghent
- Belgium
- VITO (Flemish Institute for Technological Research)
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15
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Tacke M, Marhöfer D, Althani H, Müller-Bunz H. Unexpected reactions of NHC*—Cu I and —Ag I bromides with potassium thio- or selenocyanate. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2019; 75:1657-1663. [PMID: 31709086 PMCID: PMC6829722 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989019013719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
This article reports the unexpected reactions of Cu and Ag NHC bromides with potassium thio- or selenocyanates. It contains the first report of the boomerang-shaped [Ag(SCN)3]2− ion. The reactions of N-heterocyclic carbene CuI and AgI halides with potassium thio- or selenocyanate gave unexpected products. The attempted substitution reaction of bromido(1,3-dibenzyl-4,5-diphenylimidazol-2-ylidene)silver (NHC*—Ag—Br) with KSCN yielded bis[bis(1,3-dibenzyl-4,5-diphenylimidazol-2-ylidene)silver(I)] tris(thiocyanato)argentate(I) diethyl ether disolvate, [Ag(C29H24N2)2][Ag(NCS)3]·2C4H10O or [NHC*2Ag]2[Ag(SCN)3]·2Et2O, (1), while reaction with KSeCN led to bis(μ-1,3-dibenzyl-4,5-diphenyl-2-selenoimidazole-κ2Se:Se)bis[bromido(1,3-dibenzyl-4,5-diphenyl-2-selenoimidazole-κSe)silver(I)] dichloromethane hexasolvate, [Ag2Br2(C29H24N2Se)4]·6CH2Cl2 or (NHC*Se)4Ag2Br2·6CH2Cl2, (2), via oxidation of the NHC* fragment to 2-selenoimidazole. This oxidation was observed again in the reaction of NHC*—Cu—Br with KSeCN, yielding catena-poly[[[(1,3-dibenzyl-4,5-diphenyl-2-selenoimidazole-κSe)copper(I)]-μ-cyanido-κ2C:N] acetonitrile monosolvate], {[Cu(CN)(C29H24N2Se)]·C2H3N}n or NHC*Se—CuCN·CH3CN, (3). Compound (1) represents an organic/inorganic salt with AgI in a linear coordination in each of the two cations and in a trigonal coordination in the anion, accompanied by diethyl ether solvent molecules. The tri-blade boomerang-shaped complex anion [Ag(SCN)3]2− present in (1) is characterized by X-ray diffraction for the first time. Compound (2) comprises an isolated centrosymmetric molecule with AgI in a distorted tetrahedral BrSe3 coordination, together with dichloromethane solvent molecules. Compound (3) exhibits a linear polymeric 1∞[Cu—C≡N—Cu—] chain structure with a selenoimidazole moiety additionally coordinating to each CuI atom, and completed by acetonitrile solvent molecules. Electron densities associated with an additional ether solvent molecule in (1) and two additional dichloromethane solvent molecules in (2) were removed with the SQUEEZE procedure [Spek (2015 ▸). Acta Cryst. C71, 9–18] in PLATON.
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Quinlivan PJ, Chaijan MR, Palmer JH, Shlian DG, Parkin G. Coordination of 1-methyl-1,3-dihydro-2 H-benzimidazole-2-selone to zinc and cadmium: Monotonic and non-monotonic bond length variations for [H(sebenzim Me)] 2MCl 2 complexes (M = Zn, Cd, Hg). Polyhedron 2019; 164:185-194. [PMID: 31333278 PMCID: PMC6644719 DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of 1-methyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazole-2-selone, H(sebenzimMe), towards the zinc and cadmium halides, MX2 (M = Zn, Cd; X = Cl, Br, I), afford the adducts, [H(sebenzimMe)]2MX2, which have been structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction. The halide ligands of each of these complexes participate in hydrogen bonding interactions with the imidazole N-H moieties, although the nature of the interactions depends on the halide. Specifically, the chloride and bromide derivatives, [H(sebenzimMe)]2ZnX2 and [H(sebenzimMe)]2CdX2 (X = Cl, Br), exhibit two intramolecular N-H•••X interactions, whereas the iodide derivatives, [H(sebenzimMe)]2ZnI2 and [H(sebenzimMe)]2CdI2, exhibit only one intramolecular N-H•••I interaction. Comparison of the M-Se and M-Cl bond lengths of the chloride series, [H(sebenzimMe)]2MCl2 (M = Zn, Cd, Hg), indicates that while the average M-Cl bond lengths progressively increase as the metal becomes heavier, the variation in M-Se bond length exhibits a non-monotonic trend, with the Cd-Se bond being the longest. These different trends provide an interesting subtlety concerned with use of covalent radii in predicting bond length differences. In addition to tetrahedral [H(sebenzimMe)]2CdCl2, [H(sebenzimMe)]3,CdCl2•[H(sebenzim)Me]4CdCl2, which features both five-coordinate and six-coordinate coordinate centers, has also been structurally characterized. Finally, the reaction between CdI2 and H(sebenzimMe) at elevated temperatures affords the 1-methylbenzimidazole complex, [H(sebenzimMe)]-[H(benzimMe)]CdI2, a transformation that is associated with cleavage of the C-Se bond.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joshua H Palmer
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Daniel G Shlian
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Gerard Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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Doddi A, Peters M, Tamm M. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Adducts of Main Group Elements and Their Use as Ligands in Transition Metal Chemistry. Chem Rev 2019; 119:6994-7112. [PMID: 30983327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) are nowadays ubiquitous and indispensable in many research fields, and it is not possible to imagine modern transition metal and main group element chemistry without the plethora of available NHCs with tailor-made electronic and steric properties. While their suitability to act as strong ligands toward transition metals has led to numerous applications of NHC complexes in homogeneous catalysis, their strong σ-donating and adaptable π-accepting abilities have also contributed to an impressive vitalization of main group chemistry with the isolation and characterization of NHC adducts of almost any element. Formally, NHC coordination to Lewis acids affords a transfer of nucleophilicity from the carbene carbon atom to the attached exocyclic moiety, and low-valent and low-coordinate adducts of the p-block elements with available lone pairs and/or polarized carbon-element π-bonds are able to act themselves as Lewis basic donor ligands toward transition metals. Accordingly, the availability of a large number of novel NHC adducts has not only produced new varieties of already existing ligand classes but has also allowed establishment of numerous complexes with unusual and often unprecedented element-metal bonds. This review aims at summarizing this development comprehensively and covers the usage of N-heterocyclic carbene adducts of the p-block elements as ligands in transition metal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adinarayana Doddi
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marius Peters
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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An N-Heterocyclic Carbene with a Saturated Backbone and Spatially-Defined Steric Impact. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201800423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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González-Belman OF, Jiménez-Halla JOC, Nahra F, Cazin CSJ, Poater A. The role of the metal in the dual-metal catalysed hydrophenoxylation of diphenylacetylene. Catal Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cy00510a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Computational studies on homo- and heterobimetallic group 11 metal-NHC complexes were carried out, providing insights into the catalysed-hydrophenoxylation of alkynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar F. González-Belman
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi
- Departament de Química
- University de Girona
- 17003 Girona
- Spain
| | | | - Fady Nahra
- Department of Chemistry
- Centre for Sustainable Chemistry
- Ghent University
- 9000 Gent
- Belgium
| | - Catherine S. J. Cazin
- Department of Chemistry
- Centre for Sustainable Chemistry
- Ghent University
- 9000 Gent
- Belgium
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi
- Departament de Química
- University de Girona
- 17003 Girona
- Spain
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Abdellah I, Poater A, Lohier JF, Gaumont AC. Au(i)-Catalyzed hydroarylation of alkenes with N,N-dialkylanilines: a dual gold catalysis concept. Catal Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cy01309h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, we report the efficiency of the commercially available [(PPh3)AuCl] complex in combination with a set of potassium salts to catalyze the hydroarylation of a broad variety of alkenes using N,N-dialkylanilines, leading to full conversion and complete selectivity toward the Markovnikov products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química
- Universitat de Girona
- 17003 Girona
- Spain
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