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Mansour AM, Khaled RM, Ferraro G, Shehab OR, Merlino A. Metal-based carbon monoxide releasing molecules with promising cytotoxic properties. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:9612-9656. [PMID: 38808485 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00087k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide, the "silent killer" gas, is increasingly recognised as an important signalling molecule in human physiology, which has beneficial biological properties. A particular way of achieving controlled CO administration is based on the use of biocompatible molecules that only release CO when triggered by internal or external factors. These approaches include the development of pharmacologically effective prodrugs known as CO releasing molecules (CORMs), which can supply biological systems with CO in well-regulated doses. An overview of transition metal-based CORMs with cytotoxic properties is here reported. The mechanisms at the basis of the biological activities of these molecules and their potential therapeutical applications with respect to their stability and CO releasing properties have been discussed. The activation of metal-based CORMs is determined by the type of metal and by the nature and features of the auxiliary ligands, which affect the metal core electronic density and therefore the prodrug resistance towards oxidation and CO release ability. A major role in regulating the cytotoxic properties of these CORMs is played by CO and/or CO-depleted species. However, several mysteries concerning the cytotoxicity of CORMs remain as intriguing questions for scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Mansour
- Department of Chemistry, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Rabaa M Khaled
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Gamma Street, 12613, Egypt.
| | - Giarita Ferraro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Ola R Shehab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Gamma Street, 12613, Egypt.
| | - Antonello Merlino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
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Trallero J, Camacho M, Marín-García M, Álvarez-Marimon E, Benseny-Cases N, Barnadas-Rodríguez R. Properties and cellular uptake of photo-triggered mixed metallosurfactant vesicles intended for controlled CO delivery in gas therapy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 228:113422. [PMID: 37356136 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
The scientific relevance of carbon monoxide has increased since it was discovered that it is a gasotransmitter involved in several biological processes. This fact stimulated research to find a secure and targeted delivery and lead to the synthesis of CO-releasing molecules. In this paper we present a vesicular CO delivery system triggered by light composed of a synthetized metallosurfactant (TCOL10) with two long carbon chains and a molybdenum-carbonyl complex. We studied the characteristics of mixed TCOL10/phosphatidylcholine metallosomes of different sizes. Vesicles from 80 to 800 nm in diameter are mainly unilamellar, do not disaggregate upon dilution, in the dark are physically and chemically stable at 4 °C for at least one month, and exhibit a lag phase of about 4 days before they show a spontaneous CO release at 37 °C. Internalization of metallosomes by cells was studied as function of the incubation time, and vesicle concentration and size. Results show that large vesicles are more efficiently internalized than the smaller ones in terms of the percentage of cells that show TCOL10 and the amount of drug that they take up. On balance, TCOL10 metallosomes constitute a promising and viable approach for efficient delivery of CO to biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Trallero
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Biophysics Unit/Center for Biophysical Studies, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Mercedes Camacho
- Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - Centre CERCA, Genomics of Complex Diseases, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maribel Marín-García
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Biophysics Unit/Center for Biophysical Studies, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Elena Álvarez-Marimon
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Biophysics Unit/Center for Biophysical Studies, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Núria Benseny-Cases
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Biophysics Unit/Center for Biophysical Studies, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; Consorcio para la Construcción Equipamiento y Explotacion del Laboratorio de Luz Sincrotron, ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Ramon Barnadas-Rodríguez
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Biophysics Unit/Center for Biophysical Studies, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
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Garg P, Kaur B, Kaur G, Chaudhary GR. Design and applications of metallo-vesicular structures using inorganic-organic hybrids. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 302:102621. [PMID: 35276534 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
In advanced biomedical diagnosis, various supramolecular assemblies based on inorganic-organic hybrids have found great interest as functional materials. These assemblies describe a new field of metallovesicles where the introduction of metal ions enables the chemical manipulation of assemblies in terms of their structural stability, redox activity, and pH stability. Additionally, they mimic the elaborative architecture of natural liposomal assemblies and exhibit hierarchical morphologies, and promise novel functions. With the constant developments in this field, various supramolecular assemblies such as MCsomes, Polymersomes, and Metallosomes, etc. came into existence. These hybrid assemblies have been utilized for several applications such as drug delivery, MRI contrasting, DNA delivery, and catalytic activity. The key advantage of these assemblies is their ability to deliver therapeutics to specific locations due to their biomimetic properties and release their contents at the desired time. Hence, they provide a valuable platform for the treatment of a variety of diseases. Through the present article, we intend to provide insights into the latest developments made in this field. This modularity underscores the tremendous promise of supramolecular assemblies as an emerging interdisciplinary research branch at the interface of chemistry and biological sciences.
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Metallo-Liposomes Derived from the [Ru(bpy)3]2+ Complex as Nanocarriers of Therapeutic Agents. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9050090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The obtaining of nanocarriers of gene material and small drugs is still an interesting research line. Side-effects produced by the toxicity of several pharmaceutics, the high concentrations needed to get therapeutic effects, or their excessive use by patients have motivated the search for new nanostructures. For these reasons, cationic metallo-liposomes composed by phosphatidylcholine (PC), cholesterol (CHO) and RuC1C19 (a surfactant derived from the metallic complex [Ru(bpy)3]2+) were prepared and characterized by using diverse techniques (zeta potential, dynamic light scattering and electronic transmission microscopy –TEM-). Unimodal or bimodal populations of spherical aggregates with small sizes were obtained depending on the composition of the liposomes. The presence of cholesterol favored the formation of small aggregates. ct-DNA was condensed in the presence of the liposomes investigated. In-vitro assays demonstrated the ability of these nanoaggregates to internalize into different cell lines. A positive gene transfection into human bone osteosarcoma epithelial cells (U2OS) was also observed. The RuC1C19 surfactant was used as sensor to quantify the binding of DNA to the liposomes. Doxorubicin was encapsulated into the metallo-liposomes, demonstrating their ability to be also used as nanocarriers of drugs. A relationship between then encapsulation percentage of the antibiotic and the composition of the aggregates has been established.
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Garg P, Kaur B, Kaur G, Saini S, Chaudhary GR. A study of the spectral behaviour of Eosin dye in three states of metallosurfactants: Monomeric, micelles and metallosomes. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Kaur B, Kaur G, Chaudhary GR, Sharma VK, Srinivasan H, Mitra S, Sharma A, Gawali SL, Hassan P. An investigation of morphological, microscopic dynamics, fluidity, and physicochemical variations in Cu-decorated metallosomes with cholesterol. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Borràs J, Mesa V, Suades J, Barnadas-Rodríguez R. Direct Synthesis of Rhenium and Technetium-99m Metallosurfactants by a Transmetallation Reaction of Lipophilic Groups: Potential Applications in the Radiolabeling of Liposomes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:1993-2002. [PMID: 31995988 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A new zinc dithiocarbamate functionalized with palmitoyl groups is described as a useful tool for the preparation of metallosurfactants through a transmetallation reaction with the transition metals rhenium and technetium. An amphiphilic rhenium complex is synthesized by a transmetallation reaction with the zinc complex in presence of the polar phosphine sodium triphenylphosphine trisulfonate, which leads to a rhenium complex with a lipophilic dithiocarbamate and a polar phosphine ligand. The study of this rhenium complex has shown that it self-aggregates, leading to the formation of aggregates that have been analyzed by dynamic light scattering and cryotransmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). In addition, this amphiphilic rhenium complex is incorporated into soy phosphatidylcholine liposomes, whether liposomes are prepared by mixing phospholipid and the rhenium complex or by the incorporation of the rhenium complex into preformed liposomes. The one-pot reaction of the radiocompound [99mTc(H2O)3(CO)3]+ with the above-mentioned zinc dithiocarbamate, the phosphine sodium triphenylphosphine trisulfonate and the phospholipid soy phosphatidylcholine, leads to liposomes labeled with a Tc-99m homologous complex of the rhenium complex, in accordance with the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Borràs
- Departament de Quı́mica, Edifici C, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Verónica Mesa
- Departament de Quı́mica, Edifici C, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joan Suades
- Departament de Quı́mica, Edifici C, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ramon Barnadas-Rodríguez
- Unitat de Biofı́sica/Centre d'Estudis en Biofı́sica, Departament de Bioquı́mica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
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Kaur G, Kaur B, Garg P, Chaudhary GR, Gawali SL, Hassan P. A study of synthesis, characterization and metalloplex formation ability of cetylpyridinium chloride based metallosomes. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.112326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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9
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Divya D, Nagarajaprakash R, Vidhyapriya P, Sakthivel N, Manimaran B. Single-Pot Self-Assembly of Heteroleptic Mn(I)-Based Aminoquinonato-Bridged Ester/Amide-Functionalized Dinuclear Metallastirrups: Potential Anticancer and Visible-Light-Triggered CORMs. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:12790-12802. [PMID: 31460403 PMCID: PMC6682026 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Multicomponent self-assembly of Mn2(CO)10, a bis-chelating aminoquinonato (ON∩ON) bridge (L), and an ester/amide-functionalized flexible neutral ditopic linker (L') has resulted into the formation of M2LL'-type manganese(I)-based dinuclear metallastirrups of general formula [{(CO)3Mn(μ-η4-L)Mn(CO)3}(μ-L')] (1-10). Compounds 1-10 were accomplished via orthogonal bonding of the aminoquinone ligand (2,5-bis(n-butylamino)-1,4-benzoquinone/2,5-bis(phenethylamino)-1,4-benzoquinone) and ditopic pyridyl ligand to manganese carbonyl. The resultant metallastirrups were characterized using elemental analyses and IR, UV-vis, 1H NMR, and electrospray ionization-mass spectroscopic techniques. The molecular structure of 6 was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. Furthermore, molecular recognition capabilities of 1, 5, 7, and 9 were evaluated with aromatic compounds containing hydroxy/amine functionalities. Anticancer activities of compounds 1-3, 5-7, 9, and 10 were investigated against three cancer cell lines, that is, lung (A549), colon (HCT-15), and cervical (HeLa) as well as on normal cells (HEK 293). Compound 9 showed a broad-spectrum inhibition toward these cancer cells upon exposure to visible light. The myoglobin assay was performed using UV-vis absorption spectroscopy to investigate the visible-light-triggered CO release from 5 and 9 that could be related to their ability to effectively inhibit cancer cells. In addition, morphological studies confirmed the induction of autophagy due to the treatment of cancer cells using compound 9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanaraj Divya
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry
University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Ramamurthy Nagarajaprakash
- Chemical
Sciences Research Group, Division of Research & Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Pitchavel Vidhyapriya
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry
University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Natarajan Sakthivel
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry
University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Bala. Manimaran
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry
University, Puducherry 605014, India
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Comparative Analysis of Protein Quantification Methods for the Rapid Determination of Protein Loading in Liposomal Formulations. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11010039. [PMID: 30669330 PMCID: PMC6358724 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in manufacturing processes provide the ability for the high throughput production of liposomes containing a range of moieties, from small molecules to large biologicals (including proteins and nucleic acids for prophylactic and therapeutic applications). Whilst rapid quantification methods for small molecules are generally well established, the ability to rapidly quantify liposomal entrapment of proteins is limited. Indeed, most standard protein quantification techniques (including the BCA assay and Reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC)) measure protein encapsulation indirectly, by measuring the amount of non-incorporated drug, and subtracting from the initial amount of protein added. However, this can give inaccurate and misrepresentative results. To address this, we have developed a range of methods to directly quantify protein entrapment within liposomes. The encapsulation efficiency within neutral, anionic and cationic liposome formulations was determined by three techniques; BCA assay, RP-HPLC and HPLC coupled to an evaporative light scattering detector, (HPLC-ELSD). All three methods are reliable for the quantification of protein, with linear responses and correlation coefficients of 0.99, and LOQ for all three methods being less than 10 µg/mL. Here within, we provide three methods for the rapid and robust quantification of protein loading within liposomal (and other bilayer) vesicle systems.
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