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Mollar-Cuni A, Ibáñez-Ibáñez L, Guisado-Barrios G, Mata JA, Vicent C. Introducing Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry to Identify Site-Selective C-H Bond Activation in N-Heterocyclic Carbene Metal Complexes. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:2291-2300. [PMID: 36374280 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The activation of C-H bonds in a selective manner still constitutes a major challenge from a synthetic point of view; thus, it remains an active area of fundamental and applied research. Herein, we introduce ion mobility spectrometry mass spectrometry-based (IM-MS) approaches to uncover site-selective C-H bond activation in a series of metal complexes of general formula [(NHC)LMCl]+ (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene; L = pentamethylcyclopentadiene (Cp*) or p-cymene; M = Pd, Ru, and Ir). The C-H bond activation at the N-bound groups of the NHC ligand is promoted upon collision induced dissociation (CID). The identification of the resulting [(NHC-H)LM]+ isomers relies on the distinctive topology that such cyclometalated isomers adopt upon site-selective C-H bond activation. Such topological differences can be reliably evidenced as different mobility peaks in their respective CID-IM mass spectra. Alternative isomers are also identified via dehydrogenation at the Cp*/p-cymene (L) ligands to afford [(NHC)(L-H)M]+. The fragmentation of the ion mobility-resolved peaks is also investigated by CID-IM-CID. It enables the assignment of mobility peaks to the specific isomers formed from C(sp2)-H or C(sp3)-H bond activation and distinguishes them from the Cp*/p-cymene (L) dehydrogenation isomers. The conformational change of the NHC ligands upon C-H bond activation, concomitant with cyclometalation, is also discussed on the basis of the estimated collision cross section (CCS). A unique conformation change of the pyrene-tagged NHC members is identified that involves the reorientation of the NHC ring accompanied by a folding of the pyrene moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Mollar-Cuni
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Laura Ibáñez-Ibáñez
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Gregorio Guisado-Barrios
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica. Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jose A Mata
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Cristian Vicent
- Serveis Centrals d'Intrumentació Científica (SCIC). Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071Castellón, Spain
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Tiwari CS, Illam PM, Donthireddy SNR, Rit A. Recent Advances in the Syntheses and Catalytic Applications of Homonuclear Ru-, Rh-, and Ir-Complexes of C NHC ^C Cyclometalated Ligands. Chemistry 2021; 27:16581-16600. [PMID: 34469015 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the past few decades, chemistry of cyclometalated species has gained momentum with increased applications in several areas of scientific developments. Cyclometalation reactions result in the formation of stable metallacycles through the generation of metal-carbon covalent bonds by activating the unreactive Csp2 -H or Csp3 -H bonds. The extra stability gained by the formation of metallacycles enhances their applicability scopes especially in the area of homogeneous catalysis. In the recent research development in this area, NHC ligands (strong σ-donor and generally, weak π-acceptor) have been found to be one of the most suitable candidates for the intramolecular C-H activation process which leads to the cyclometalated species. The growth in the area of cyclometalation chemistry that started in the late 20th century is still continuing and in the past few decades, various examples of NHC derived transition metal-based cyclometalated complexes came into the picture. As covering all the reported literatures in this area (includes mainly late transition metals) will exceed the limits of minireview, we restricted ourselves to the recent (2015 - May 2021) examples of the most common Ru-, Rh-, and Ir-based CNHC ^C cyclometalated complexes and their applications in various homogeneous catalytic conversions such as transfer hydrogenation, amidation, oxidation of alcohols, annulations, and so forth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S N R Donthireddy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Arnab Rit
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
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Wada Y, Takehara T, Suzuki T, Aoki S, Hibi T, Sako M, Tsujino H, Tsutsumi Y, Arisawa M. Carbon–Carbon Bond Formation between N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligand on Ruthenium Carbene Catalysts and 1,4-Naphthoquinone via Intramolecular Carbon(sp 3)–Hydrogen Bond Activation. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Wada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 1-6, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tsunayoshi Takehara
- Comprehensive Analysis Center, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Takeyuki Suzuki
- Comprehensive Analysis Center, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Satoshi Aoki
- Department of Mathematics, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1, Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Takayuki Hibi
- Department of Pure and Applied Mathematics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Makoto Sako
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 1-6, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Tsujino
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 1-6, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- The Museum of Osaka University, Machikaneyama 1-13, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yasuo Tsutsumi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 1-6, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Arisawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 1-6, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Nakanishi K, Jimenez-Halla JOC, Yamazoe S, Nakamoto M, Shang R, Yamamoto Y. Synthesis and Isolation of an Anionic Bis(dipyrido-annulated) N-Heterocyclic Carbene CCC-Pincer Iridium(III) Complex by Facile C-H Bond Activation. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:9970-9976. [PMID: 34156239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Meridional tridentate N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-based pincer ligands contribute to a substantial growth in modern organometallic chemistry in both homogeneous catalysis and luminescence materials. Among all NHC-based pincer ligands, the dianionic LX2-type CCC-pincer ones constitute the smallest subcategory owing to their limited ligand frameworks suitable for complexation. This work reports a one-pot, high-yield synthesis of a homoleptic anionic all-carbon bis-pincer iridium(III) complex (4) directly from a bis(aryl)-substituted dipyrido-annulated (dpaAr2) imidazolium salt and [Ir(COD)Cl]2 via a cascade of deprotonation/C-H activation processes. Both experimental complexation chemistry and computational mechanistic investigation suggest that the large bite angle and π-rich character of the dpaAr2 NHC are responsible for its facile complexation as a dianionic LX2-type CCC-pincer ligand precursor. The all-carbon ligated iridium(III) complex (4) bearing a π-conjugated ligand scaffold showed remarkably low oxidation potentials, which allows future investigations in its redox chemistry and photophysical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Nakanishi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - J Oscar C Jimenez-Halla
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Guanajuato, Campus Gto, Noria Alta s/n, 36050 Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Seiji Yamazoe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Masaaki Nakamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Rong Shang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Yohsuke Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
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Bauri S, Mallik A, Rit A. Naphthyl-Derived Orthometalated RuII-NHC Complexes: Effect of the NHC Donors and/or Substitution Pattern on Their Synthesis and Catalytic Activity. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Bauri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Anirban Mallik
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Arnab Rit
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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Espinal-Viguri M, Varela-Izquierdo V, Miloserdov FM, Riddlestone IM, Mahon MF, Whittlesey MK. Heterobimetallic ruthenium–zinc complexes with bulky N-heterocyclic carbenes: syntheses, structures and reactivity. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:4176-4189. [PMID: 30816897 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt05023f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Addition of ZnMe2 to cationic and neutral ruthenium hydride complexes bearing NHC ligands affords new Ru–Zn heterobimetallic complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mary F. Mahon
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Bath
- Bath BA2 7AY
- UK
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