1
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Tkachenko N, Golovanov V, Penni A, Vesamäki S, Ajayakumar MR, Muranaka A, Kobayashi N, Efimov A. The windmill, the dragon, and the frog: geometry control over the spectral, magnetic, and electrochemical properties of cobalt phthalocyanine regioisomers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024. [PMID: 38895861 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01564a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
For the first time, we have prepared non-aggregating phthalocyanine cobalt complexes as a set of resolved positional isomers. These compounds comprise a unique test bed for the structure-properties studies, as their optical and electrochemical properties are influenced by the planarity of the phthalocyanine macrocycle, which can be controlled by the positional isomerism of the bulky aromatic substituents at the α-phthalo sites. We support our conclusions with molecular modelling studies, which show a perfect match between the calculated and experimentally determined spectral/electrochemical values. We challenge a common perception that the NMR spectra of cobalt phthalocyanines cannot be measured due to the paramagnetic nature of Co(II). We suggest instead that the key factors affecting the NMR spectral resolution are molecular aggregation and π-π stacking. These interactions are suppressed by the bulky peripheral substituents on the cobalt phthalocyanines prepared, making these isomeric compounds an excellent tool for paramagnetic NMR studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Viacheslav Golovanov
- Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 10, 33720 Tampere, Finland.
- South-Ukrainian National University, Staroportofrankovskaya str. 26, 65020, Odessa, Ukraine
| | - Aleksandr Penni
- Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 10, 33720 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Sami Vesamäki
- Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 10, 33720 Tampere, Finland.
| | - M R Ajayakumar
- Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 10, 33720 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Atsuya Muranaka
- Molecular Structure Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Nagao Kobayashi
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
| | - Alexander Efimov
- Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 10, 33720 Tampere, Finland.
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2
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Pekbelgin Karaoğlu H. Effect of Direct Alkyne Substitution on the Photophysical Properties of Two Novel Octasubstituted Zinc Phthalocyanines. ChemistryOpen 2024:e202300295. [PMID: 38279590 DOI: 10.1002/open.202300295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of two novel phthalonitrile derivatives (3-4) bearing ethynylcyclohex-1-ene and ethynylcyclohexane groups and two peripherally octa substituted zinc (II) phthalocyanines (5-6) were prepared. The synthesis of phthalonitrile derivatives was performed with Sonagashira coupling reaction by using palladium-catalyzed. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by using FT-IR, NMR, mass, and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy techniques. Aggregation studies of 5 and 6 were performed in various organic solvents and different concentrations in tetrahydrofuran (THF). The photophysical studies of the Pcs were performed in THF to determine the effect of the alkyne groups on the fluorescence of the Pc ring. Substances showing fluorescence properties can be used in practical applications such as to create an image in microscopy. Fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF ) and fluorescence lifetime (τF ) of 5-6 were calculated. The fluorescence quenching studies of 5-6 were performed by adding the different concentrations of 1,4-benzoquinone (BQ) to a constant concentration of the Pcs in THF and it was found that benzoquinone was an effective quencher. The values of the Stern-Volmer constant (Ksv ) and quenching constant (kq ) of zinc phthalocyanines (5-6) were examined. All obtained results were compared with each other and with unsubstituted zinc Pc compound used as a reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hande Pekbelgin Karaoğlu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
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3
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Yenilmez HY, Farajzadeh N, Güler Kuşçulu N, Bahar D, Özdemir S, Tollu G, Güllü M, Altuntaş Bayır Z. Effect of Axial Ligand Length on Biological and Anticancer Properties of Axially Disubstituted Silicon Phthalocyanines. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202201167. [PMID: 36912724 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202201167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, three new axially disubstituted silicon phthalocyanines (SiPc1-3) and their quaternized phthalocyanine derivatives (QSiPc1-3) were prepared and characterized. The biological properties (antioxidant, antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and microbial cell viability activities) of the water-soluble silicon phthalocyanines were examined, as well. A 1 % DMSO diluted with pure water was used as a solvent in biological activity studies. All the compounds exhibited high antioxidant activity. They displayed efficient antimicrobial and antimicrobial photodynamic therapeutic properties against various microorganisms, especially Gram (+) bacteria. Additionally, they demonstrated high antibiofilm activities against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. In addition, 100 % bacterial reduction was obtained for all the studied phthalocyanines against E. coli viable cells. Besides, the DNA cleavage and binding features of compounds (QSiPc1-3) were studied using pBR322 DNA and CT-DNA, respectively. Furthermore, the human topoisomerase I enzyme inhibition activities of compounds QSiPc1-3 were studied. Anticancer properties of the water-soluble compounds were investigated using cell proliferation MTT assay. They exhibited anticarcinogenic activity against the human colon cancer cell line (DLD-1). Compounds QSiPc1 and QSiPc3 displayed a high anticarcinogenic effect on the DLD-1 cell line. The obtained results indicated that all the studied compounds may be effective biological agents and anticancer drugs after further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yasemin Yenilmez
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, TR-34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nazli Farajzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, TR-34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nilgün Güler Kuşçulu
- Department of Chemistry Technology, Mustafa Çıkrıkçıoğlu Vocational School, Kayseri University, TR-38280, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Dilek Bahar
- Genome & Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Erciyes University, TR-38039, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Sadin Özdemir
- Food Processing Programme, Technical Science Vocational School, Mersin University, TR-33343 Yenisehir, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Gülşah Tollu
- Department of Laboratory and Veterinary Health, Technical Science Vocational School, Mersin University, TR-33343 Yenisehir, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Mithat Güllü
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Erciyes University, TR-38039, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Zehra Altuntaş Bayır
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, TR-34469, Istanbul, Turkey
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4
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Bichan N, Ovchenkova E, Mozgova V, Kudryakova N, Lomova T. Donor-acceptor dyads based on octakis – Substituted cobalt(II) phthalocyanine and different fullero[60]/[70]pyrrolidines. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.115908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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5
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Falkowski M, Leda A, Rebis T, Piskorz J, Popenda L, Hassani M, Mlynarczyk DT, Marszall MP, Milczarek G. A Synergistic Effect of Phthalimide-Substituted Sulfanyl Porphyrazines and Carbon Nanotubes to Improve the Electrocatalytic Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27144409. [PMID: 35889282 PMCID: PMC9322414 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A sulfanyl porphyrazine derivative with peripheral phthalimide moieties was metallated with cobalt(II) and iron(II) metal ions. The purity of the macrocycles was confirmed by HPLC, and subsequently, compounds were characterized using various analytical methods (ES-TOF, MALDI-TOF, UV–VIS, and NMR spectroscopy). To obtain hybrid electroactive electrode materials, novel porphyrazines were combined with multiwalled carbon nanotubes. The electrocatalytic effect derived from cobalt(II) and iron(II) cations was evaluated. As a result, a significant decrease in the overpotential was observed compared with that obtained with bare glassy carbon (GC) or glassy carbon electrode/carbon nanotubes (GC/MWCNTs), which allowed for sensitive determination of hydrogen peroxide in neutral conditions (pH 7.4). The prepared sensor enables a linear response to H2O2 concentrations of 1–90 µM. A low detection limit of 0.18 μM and a high sensitivity of 640 μA mM−1 cm−2 were obtained. These results indicate that the obtained sensors could potentially be applied in biomedical and environmental fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Falkowski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Dr. A. Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.H.); (M.P.M.)
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (T.R.); Tel.: +48-52-585-35-32 (M.F.)
| | - Amanda Leda
- Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland; (A.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Tomasz Rebis
- Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland; (A.L.); (G.M.)
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (T.R.); Tel.: +48-52-585-35-32 (M.F.)
| | - Jaroslaw Piskorz
- Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Lukasz Popenda
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, 61-614 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Mina Hassani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Dr. A. Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.H.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Dariusz T. Mlynarczyk
- Chair and Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Michal P. Marszall
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Dr. A. Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.H.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Grzegorz Milczarek
- Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland; (A.L.); (G.M.)
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6
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Aftab J, Farajzadeh N, Yenilmez HY, Özdemir S, Gonca S, Altuntas Bayir Z. New phthalonitrile/metal phthalocyanines-gold nanoparticle conjugates for biological applications. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:4466-4476. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00041e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The appearance of nanoscience and its effect on the development of the scientific fields particularly materials chemistry have been well-known today. In this study, a new di-substituted phthalonitrile derivative namely...
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7
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Mısır MN, Mısır G, Bekircan O, Kantekin H, Öztürk D, Durmuş M. Sulfur bridged new metal-free and metallo phthalocyanines carrying 1,2,4-triazole rings and their photophysicochemical properties. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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8
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Yang W, Ma L, Liu C, Sun T, Jiang J. Magnetic Behaviors and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Heteroleptic Bis(phthalocyaninato) Holmium Compounds. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
| | - Li Ma
- Beijing Aerospace Propulsion Institute Beijing 100176 China
| | - Chao Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
| | - Tingting Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
| | - Jianzhuang Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
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9
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Kumral E, Yenilmez HY, Albayrak S, Şahin AN, Altındal A, Bayır ZA. Investigation of the photoconductive properties of thiophene substituted metallo-phthalocyanines. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:9385-9392. [PMID: 32588838 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01129k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of 4-(thiophen-3-ylethynyl)phthalonitrile was achieved via the Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction. Herein, we report the synthesis of symmetrical metallo-phthalocyanines with cobalt, zinc, and manganese as the metal ions, and tetrakis(ethynylthiophene) groups substituted at the peripheral positions. The new compounds have been characterized by using mass, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR and UV-vis spectroscopy. Dark and photoconductivity measurements were carried out on spin coated thiophene substituted metallo-phthalocyanines at various temperatures fixed between 300 and 440 K. Photocurrent generation and charge transport mechanisms are discussed as well. The evaluation of the photoconductive properties of these compounds indicated that the photocurrent generation efficiency and charge transport mechanism exhibited a strong temperature dependence. On the other hand, conductivity measurements revealed that the temperature dependence of the conductivity can be described by the Arrhenius type exponential equation under dark conditions. Furthermore, it was found that the photoconductive behavior of the film can be described successfully by the variable range hopping model for the whole investigated temperature range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda Kumral
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey.
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10
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Pekbelgin Karaoğlu H, Kalkan Burat A. α- and β-Substituted Metal-Free Phthalocyanines: Synthesis, Photophysical and Electrochemical Properties. Molecules 2020; 25:E363. [PMID: 31963102 PMCID: PMC7024180 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Two novel phthalonitrile derivatives, bearing two hexyloxy groups and a benzodioxin (or a naphthodioxin) annulated ring, along with their corresponding metal-free phthalocyanines (H2Pc) were prepared. FT-IR, mass, electronic absorption, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy were employed for the characterization of all compounds. The effect of hexadeca substituents on the photophysical properties of metal-free Pcs was investigated. Photophysical properties of H2Pc were studied in tetrahydrofuran (THF). Fluorescent quantum yields of phthalocyanines (Pcs) were calculated and compared with the unsubstituted phthalocyanine. 1,4-Benzoquinone effectively quenched the fluorescence of these compounds in THF. Cyclic and square wave voltammetry methods were applied to metal-free phthalocyanines and Pc-centered oxidation and reduction processes were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayfer Kalkan Burat
- Chemistry Department, Technical University of Istanbul, İstanbul TR34469, Turkey
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11
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Karaoğlu HP, Atsay A, Nar I, McKee V, Koçak MB, Hamuryudan E, Gül A. Near-infrared absorbing π-extended hexadeca substituted phthalocyanines. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.07.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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12
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Farajzadeh N, Karaoğlu HP, Akin M, Saki N, Koçak MB. Synthesis, Photophysical and Biological Properties of New Phthalocyanines Bearing Peripherally 4‐(Trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy Groups. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201901509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nazli Farajzadeh
- Department of ChemistryIstanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469 TURKEY
| | | | - Mustafa Akin
- Department of ChemistryKocaeli University, Umuttepe, Kocaeli 41380 TURKEY
| | - Neslihan Saki
- Department of ChemistryKocaeli University, Umuttepe, Kocaeli 41380 TURKEY
| | - Makbule Burkut Koçak
- Department of ChemistryIstanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469 TURKEY
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13
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Zhu H, Song H, Zhao W, Peng Z, Liu D, Xing L, Dai J, Huang Z, Liao P, Wang Y, Wu K. Chiral features of metal phthalocyanines sitting atop the pre-assembled TiOPc monolayer on Ag(111). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:16323-16328. [PMID: 31309203 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03198g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The chiral features of the top-layer TiOPc molecules on monolayered TiOPc assembly on Ag(111) were carefully investigated by scanning tunnelling microscopy and local work function measurements. Combined with the density functional theory calculations, systematic experimental explorations of the TiOPc/TiOPc, CuPc/TiOPc and TiOPc/CuPc systems on Ag(111) revealed that the chirality originated from asymmetric electronic interactions rather than conformational change, which might be related to the high performance of the photoelectronic devices based on the MPc complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhu
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Huanjun Song
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China. and Research Institute of Aerospace Special Materials and Processing Technology, Beijing, 100074, China
| | - Wenhui Zhao
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Zhantao Peng
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Dan Liu
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Lingbo Xing
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Jingxin Dai
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Zhichao Huang
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Peilin Liao
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
| | - Yuan Wang
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Kai Wu
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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14
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Farajzadeh N, Karaoğlu HP, Akin M, Saki N, Koçak MB. Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of novel octa-substituted phthalocyanines bearing (trifluoromethoxy) phenoxy groups on peripheral positions. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619500068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study presents a novel phthalonitrile derivative (2) bearing (trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy groups in 4,5 positions. Cyclotetramerization of (2) in [Formula: see text],[Formula: see text]-dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE) gave a series of peripherally octa-substituted metallophthalocyanines (3-Zn, 3-Co and 3-Cu). The newly synthesized phthalocyanines have been characterized by a combination of various spectroscopic techniques. Effects of solvent nature on aggregation behavior of 3-Zn were studied using different solvents such as acetone, CHCl3 and dichloromethane (DCM). In addition, the aggregation behavior of the phthalocyanine complex 3-Zn was examined in DCM at different concentrations ranging from 4 × 10[Formula: see text]–14 × 10[Formula: see text] M. Antimicrobial activities of synthesized compounds were tested by using the thin layer chromotography (TLC)-direct bioautography and disk diffusion methods. In both assays, the molecules showed activity on the tested Gram (+) bacteria. Antioxidant activities of the molecules, on the other hand, were determined by using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method and a reducing power assay. The highest activity was obtained with 3-ZnPc for both methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazli Farajzadeh
- Istanbul Technical University, Department of Chemistry, Maslak, Istanbul, TR34469, Turkey
| | | | - Mustafa Akin
- Department of Chemistry, Kocaeli University, TR41380, İzmit, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Saki
- Department of Chemistry, Kocaeli University, TR41380, İzmit, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Makbule Burkut Koçak
- Istanbul Technical University, Department of Chemistry, Maslak, Istanbul, TR34469, Turkey
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