1
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Kerpa S, Schulze VR, Holzapfel M, Cvancar L, Fischer M, Maison W. Decoration of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) with N-oxides increases the T 1 relaxivity of Gd-complexes. ChemistryOpen 2024; 13:e202300298. [PMID: 38224205 DOI: 10.1002/open.202300298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
High complex stability and longitudinal relaxivity of Gd-based contrast agents are important requirements for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) because they ensure patient safety and contribute to measurement sensitivity. Charged and zwitterionic Gd3+-complexes of the well-known chelator 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) provide an excellent basis for the development of safe and sensitive contrast agents. In this report, we describe the synthesis of DOTA-NOx, a DOTA derivative with four N-oxide functionalities via "click" functionalization of the tetraazide DOTAZA. The resulting complexes Gd-DOTA-NOx and Eu-DOTA-NOx are stable compounds in aqueous solution. NMR-spectroscopic characterization revealed a high excess of the twisted square antiprismatic (TSAP) coordination geometry over square antiprismatic (SAP). The longitudinal relaxivity of Gd-DOTA-NOx was found to be r1=7.7 mm-1 s-1 (1.41 T, 37 °C), an unusually high value for DOTA complexes of comparable weight. We attribute this high relaxivity to the steric influence and an ordering effect on outer sphere water molecules surrounding the complex generated by the strongly hydrated N-oxide groups. Moreover, Gd-DOTA-NOx was found to be stable against transchelation with high excess of EDTA (200 eq) over a period of 36 h, and it has a similar in vitro cell toxicity as clinically used DOTA-based GBCAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Kerpa
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 45, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Verena R Schulze
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP, Center for Applied Nanotechnology CAN, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 45, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malte Holzapfel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP, Center for Applied Nanotechnology CAN, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 45, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lina Cvancar
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Fischer
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Maison
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 45, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
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2
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Kobus M, Friedrich T, Zorn E, Burmeister N, Maison W. Medicinal Chemistry of Drugs with N-Oxide Functionalities. J Med Chem 2024; 67:5168-5184. [PMID: 38549449 PMCID: PMC11017254 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Molecules with N-oxide functionalities are omnipresent in nature and play an important role in Medicinal Chemistry. They are synthetic or biosynthetic intermediates, prodrugs, drugs, or polymers for applications in drug development and surface engineering. Typically, the N-oxide group is critical for biomedical applications of these molecules. It may provide water solubility or decrease membrane permeability or immunogenicity. In other cases, the N-oxide has a special redox reactivity which is important for drug targeting and/or cytotoxicity. Many of the underlying mechanisms have only recently been discovered, and the number of applications of N-oxides in the healthcare field is rapidly growing. This Perspective article gives a short summary of the properties of N-oxides and their synthesis. It also provides a discussion of current applications of N-oxides in the biomedical field and explains the basic molecular mechanisms responsible for their biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Kobus
- Universität Hamburg, Department of Chemistry, Bundesstrasse 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Timo Friedrich
- Universität Hamburg, Department of Chemistry, Bundesstrasse 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eilika Zorn
- Universität Hamburg, Department of Chemistry, Bundesstrasse 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nils Burmeister
- Universität Hamburg, Department of Chemistry, Bundesstrasse 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Maison
- Universität Hamburg, Department of Chemistry, Bundesstrasse 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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3
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Huynh PT, Vu HD, Ryu J, Kim HS, Jung H, Youn SW. Gadolinium-Cyclic 1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-Tetraacetic Acid-Click-Sulfonyl Fluoride for Probing Serine Protease Activity in Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083538. [PMID: 37110769 PMCID: PMC10141219 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Serine protease is linked to a wide range of diseases, prompting the development of robust, selective, and sensitive protease assays and sensing methods. However, the clinical needs for serine protease activity imaging have not yet been met, and the efficient in vivo detection and imaging of serine protease remain challenging. Here, we report the development of the gadolinium-cyclic 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid-click-Sulfonyl Fluoride (Gd-DOTA-click-SF) MRI contrast agent targeting serine protease. The HR-FAB mass spectrum confirmed the successful formation of our designed chelate. The molar longitudinal relaxivity (r1) of the Gd-DOTA-click-SF probe (r1 = 6.82 mM-1 s-1) was significantly higher than that of Dotarem (r1 = 4.63 mM-1 s-1), in the range of 0.01-0.64 mM at 9.4 T. The in vitro cellular study and the transmetallation kinetics study showed that the safety and stability of this probe are comparable to those of conventional Dotarem. Ex vivo abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) MRI revealed that this probe has a contrast-agent-to-noise ratio (CNR) that is approximately 51 ± 23 times greater than that of Dotarem. This study of superior visualization of AAA suggests that it has the potential to detect elastase in vivo and supports the feasibility of probing serine protease activity in T1-weighted MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Tu Huynh
- Department of Radiology, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, 3056-6, Daemyung-4-Dong, Nam-gu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Huy Duc Vu
- Department of Radiology, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, 3056-6, Daemyung-4-Dong, Nam-gu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghwa Ryu
- Department of Radiology, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, 3056-6, Daemyung-4-Dong, Nam-gu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Su Kim
- Korea Basic Science Institute (Daegu Center), Kyungpook University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoesu Jung
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (KMEDIhub), 88, Dongnae-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Won Youn
- Department of Radiology, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, 3056-6, Daemyung-4-Dong, Nam-gu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
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4
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Keot N, Sarma M. Computational insight into a mechanistic overview of water exchange kinetics and thermodynamic stabilities of bis and tris-aquated complexes of lanthanides. RSC Adv 2023; 13:1516-1529. [PMID: 36688060 PMCID: PMC9816859 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05810c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A thorough investigation of Ln3+ complexes with more than one inner-sphere water molecule is crucial for designing high relaxivity contrast agents (CAs) used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This study accomplished a comparative stability analysis of two hexadentate (H3cbda and H3dpaa) and two heptadentate (H4peada and H3tpaa) ligands with Ln3+ ions. The higher stability of the hexadentate H3cbda and heptadentate H4peada ligands has been confirmed by the binding affinity and Gibbs free energy analysis in aqueous solution. In addition, energy decomposition analysis (EDA) reveals the higher binding affinity of the peada4- ligand than the cbda3- ligand towards Ln3+ ions due to the higher charge density of the peada4- ligand. Moreover, a mechanistic overview of water exchange kinetics has been carried out based on the strength of the metal-water bond. The strength of the metal-water bond follows the trend Gd-O47 (w) > Gd-O39 (w) > Gd-O36 (w) in the case of the tris-aquated [Gd(cbda)(H2O)3] and Gd-O43 (w) > Gd-O40 (w) for the bis-aquated [Gd(peada)(H2O)2]- complex, which was confirmed by bond length, electron density (ρ), and electron localization function (ELF) at the corresponding bond critical points. Our analysis also predicts that the activation energy barrier decreases with the decrease in bond strength; hence k ex increases. The 17O and 1H hyperfine coupling constant values of all the coordinated water molecules were different, calculated by using the second-order Douglas-Kroll-Hess (DKH2) approach. Furthermore, the ionic nature of the bonding in the metal-ligand (M-L) bond was confirmed by the Quantum Theory of Atoms-In-Molecules (QTAIM) and ELF along with energy decomposition analysis (EDA). We hope that the results can be used as a basis for the design of highly efficient Gd(iii)-based high relaxivity MRI contrast agents for medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niharika Keot
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology GuwahatiAssam781039India+91 361 2582318
| | - Manabendra Sarma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology GuwahatiAssam781039India+91 361 2582318
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5
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Lu Y, Liang Z, Feng J, Huang L, Guo S, Yi P, Xiong W, Chen S, Yang S, Xu Y, Li Y, Chen X, Shen Z. Facile Synthesis of Weakly Ferromagnetic Organogadolinium Macrochelates-Based T 1 -Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 10:e2205109. [PMID: 36377432 PMCID: PMC9811448 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
To surmount the major concerns of commercial small molecule Gd chelates and reported Gd-based contrast agents (GBCAs) for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a new concept of organogadolinium macrochelates (OGMCs) constructed from the coordination between Gd3+ and macromolecules is proposed. A library of macromolecules were screened for Gd3+ coordination, and two candidates [i.e., poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), and poly(aspartic acid) (PASP)] succeeded in OGMC formation. Under optimized synthesis conditions, both Gd-PAA12 and Gd-PASP11 OGMCs are outstanding T1 -weighted CAs owing to their super high r1 values (> 50 mm-1 s-1 , 3.0 T) and ultralow r2 /r1 ratios (< 1.6, 3.0 T). The ferromagnetism of OGMCs is completely different from the paramagnetism of commercial and reported GBCAs. The ferromagnetism is very weak (Ms < 1.0 emu g-1 ) leading to a low r2 , which is preferred for T1 MRI. Gd3+ is not released from the OGMC Gd-PAA12 and Gd-PASP11, ensuring biosafety for in vivo applications. The safety and T1 -weighted MRI efficiencies of the OGMC Gd-PAA12 and Gd-PASP11 are tested in cells and mice. The synthesis method of the OGMCs is facile and easy to be scaled up. Consequently, the OGMC Gd-PAA12 and Gd-PASP11 are superior T1 -weighted CAs with promising translatability to replace the commercial Gd chelates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudie Lu
- School of Biomedical EngineeringSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510515China
| | - Zhiyu Liang
- Medical Imaging CenterNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510515China
| | - Jie Feng
- Medical Imaging CenterNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510515China
| | - Lin Huang
- School of Biomedical EngineeringSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510515China
| | - Shuai Guo
- School of Biomedical EngineeringSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510515China
| | - Peiwei Yi
- School of Biomedical EngineeringSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510515China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Medical Imaging CenterNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510515China
| | - Sijin Chen
- Medical Imaging CenterNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510515China
| | - Sugeun Yang
- Department of Biomedical ScienceBK21 FOUR Program in Biomedical Science and EngineeringInha University College of MedicineIncheon22212South Korea
| | - Yikai Xu
- Medical Imaging CenterNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510515China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Biomedical EngineeringSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510515China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical EngineeringClinical Imaging Research CentreNanomedicine Translational Research ProgramYong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore119228Singapore
| | - Zheyu Shen
- School of Biomedical EngineeringSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510515China
- Medical Imaging CenterNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510515China
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6
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Sasaki Y, Kaneko M, Ban Y, Matsumiya M, Nakase M, Takeshita K. Multi-stage extraction and separation of Ln and An using TODGA and DTBA or DTPA accompanying pH adjustment with lactic acid and ethylenediamine. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2022.2080707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Sasaki
- Nuclear Science Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki, JAPAN
| | - Masashi Kaneko
- Nuclear Science Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki, JAPAN
| | - Yasutoshi Ban
- Nuclear Science Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki, JAPAN
| | - Masahiko Matsumiya
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, JAPAN
| | - Masahiko Nakase
- Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, JAPAN
| | - Kenji Takeshita
- Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, JAPAN
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7
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Synthesis, characterization and relaxivity validations of Gd(III) complex of DOTA tetrahydrazide as MRI contrast agent. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Sasaki Y, Kaneko M, Matsumiya M, Nakase M, Takeshita K. Mutual Separation of Ln and an Using TODGA and DTBA with High Organic Acid Concentrations. SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/07366299.2021.2024650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Masahiko Matsumiya
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
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9
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Xu W, Zhang J, Zhao M, Yang Z, Wu Q, Nian F. Red Fluorescent Emissive Gd-Phenolic Nanoparticles for In Vivo Fluorescence and Magnetic Resonance Bimodal Imaging. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2021; 17:1635-1646. [PMID: 34544540 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2021.3136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Due to the combination of the high resolution of fluorescence imaging and the no limitation in penetration depth of magnetic resonance imaging, dual-mode imaging of magnetic resonance and fluorescence (MR/FI) have attracted extensive research in recent years. Herein, a novel MR/FI bimodal imaging probe is facile fabricated by attaching the rhodamine fluorophore covalently to the surface of the Gd-phenolic coordination polymer nanoparticles. The contents of Gd3+ and RB of the as prepared probe are calculated to be 8.2% and 12.5%. The quantum yield of the probe is about 8.84% as well as red fluorescent emissive. The longitudinal r1 value is 6.94 mM-1 s-1 and the ratio r2/r1 is very low and about 1.22. Subsequently, the and MR imaging and fluorescence both in vitro and In Vivo are performed. The metabolic pathways In Vivo are inferred by studying the bio-distribution of the probe in major organs. The as-prepared probe exhibits excellent imaging performance and biocompatibility, which is conducive to its further application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibing Xu
- College of Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- College of Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Minzhi Zhao
- College of Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhijie Yang
- College of Life Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qingfeng Wu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Fang Nian
- College of Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Anju, Chaturvedi S, Chaudhary V, Pant P, Jha P, Kumaran SS, Hussain F, Kumar Mishra A. 5-HT 1A targeting PARCEST agent DO3AM-MPP with potential for receptor imaging: Synthesis, physico-chemical and MR studies. Bioorg Chem 2020; 106:104487. [PMID: 33339667 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Contrast enhancement in MRI using magnetization or saturation transfer techniques promises better sensitivity, and faster acquisition compared to T1 or T2 contrast. This work reports the synthesis and evaluation of 5-HT1A targeted PARACEST MRI contrast agent using 1,4,7,10-tetraazacycloDOdecane-4,7,10-triacetAMide (DO3AM) as the bifunctional chelator, and 5-HT1A-antagonist methoxyphenyl piperazine (MPP) as a targeting unit. The multi-step synthesis led to the MPP conjugated DO3AM with 60% yield. CEST-related physicochemical parameters were evaluated after loading DO3AM-MPP with paramagnetic MRI active lanthanides: Gadolinium (Gd-DO3AM-MPP) and Europium (Eu-DO3AM-MPP). Luminescence lifetime measurements with Eu-DO3AM-MPP and computational DFT studies using Gd-DO3AM-MPP revealed the coordination of one water molecule (q = 1.43) with metal-water distance (rM-H2O) of 2.7 Å and water residence time (τm) of 0.23 ms. The dissociation constant of Kd 62 ± 0.02 pM as evaluated from fluorescence quenching of 5-HT1A (protein) and docking score of -4.81 in theoretical evaluation reflect the binding potential of the complex Gd-DO3AM-MPP with the receptor 5-HT1A. Insights of the docked pose reflect the importance of NH2 (amide) and aromatic ring in Gd-DO3AM-MPP while interacting with Ser 374 and Phe 370 in the antagonist binding pocket of 5-HT1A. Gd-DO3AM-MPP shows longitudinal relaxivity 5.85 mM-1s-1 with a water residence lifetime of 0.93 ms in hippocampal homogenate containing 5-HT1A. The potentiometric titration of DO3AM-MPP showed strong selectivity for Gd3+ over physiological metal ions such as Zn2+ and Cu2+. The in vitro and in vivo studies confirmed the minimal cytotoxicity and presential binding of Gd-DO3AM-MPP with 5-HT1A receptor in the hippocampus region of the mice. Summarizing, the complex Gd-DO3AM-MPP can have a potential for CEST imaging of 5-HT1A receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, North Campus, Delhi 110007, India; Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Brig. S. K Mazumdar Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Shubhra Chaturvedi
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Brig. S. K Mazumdar Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India.
| | - Vishakha Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, North Campus, Delhi 110007, India; Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Brig. S. K Mazumdar Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Pradeep Pant
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Preeti Jha
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Senthil S Kumaran
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Firasat Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, North Campus, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Anil Kumar Mishra
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Brig. S. K Mazumdar Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India.
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11
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Xu K, Xu N, Zhang B, Tang W, Ding Y, Hu A. Gadolinium complexes of macrocyclic diethylenetriamine-N-oxide pentaacetic acid-bisamide as highly stable MRI contrast agents with high relaxivity. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:8927-8932. [PMID: 32555806 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00248h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Gadolinium(iii) complexes are generally considered efficient magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents (CAs) and widely used in clinical applications. High relaxivity and stability are two essential criteria for a Gd(iii)-complex to be used as a MRI-CA. One crucial strategy to achieve high relaxivity for small molecular Gd(iii)-based MRI contrast agents is to increase the hydration number q. Meanwhile, metal complexes with macrocyclic ligands have been proved to inherit high thermodynamic stability and kinetic inertness. Herein, a series of macrocyclic ligands based on diethylenetriamine-N-oxide pentaacetic acid-bisamide were synthesized. Among them, cyclo-DTPA-NO-C6O2 (3d) was the strongest ligand for Gd(iii) as confirmed by experimental results. The hydration number of the Gd-cyclo-DTPA-NO-C6O2 (4d) complex was characterized by luminescence measurements to be 3 and the coordination structure was confirmed with computational simulations. Consequently, the relaxivity of this complex (14.3 mM-1 s-1, 1.5 T, 25 °C) is about triple that of commercial MRI CAs. The conditional stability constant of the Gd(iii) complex, pGd, calculated from spectrophotometric titration studies, was comparable to that of one of the most stable commercial MRI-CAs, Gd-DTPA (Magnevist®). Meanwhile, the kinetic inertness of the complex was even higher than that of Gd-DTPA thanks to its macrocyclic coordination structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehan Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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12
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Xu K, Wang M, Tang W, Ding Y, Hu A. Flash nanoprecipitation with Gd(III)‐based metallosurfactants to fabricate polylactic acid nanoparticles as highly efficient contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:2475-2479. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kehan Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Mingwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering School of Chemical EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Weijun Tang
- Department of RadiologyHuashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University Shanghai 200040 China
| | - Yun Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Aiguo Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
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13
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Sasaki Y, Morita K, Matsumiya M, Nakase M. Simultaneous separation of Am and Cm from Nd and Sm by multi-step extraction using the TODGA-DTPA-BA-HNO 3 system. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2019-3215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The simultaneous separation of Am and Cm from lanthanides is important for atomic energy fields. However, the process is difficult owing to the chemical behavior of trivalent metal ions with similar ionic radii. All lanthanides, Am, and Cm can be extracted by diglycolamide (DGA). In addition, relatively high separation factors between An and Ln were obtained by the extraction system of TODGA, DTPA (diethylenetriamine-N,N,N′,N″,N″-pentaacetic acid) and HNO3. In this work, DTPA-BA (diethylenetriamine-N,N′,N″-triacetic-N,N″-bisamide), which is an improved version of DTPA, was employed for the separation of Ln and An. After performing a basic study on DTPA-BA, a relatively high separation factor (approximately 8) for actinides/lanthanides was obtained. Then, the multi-step extraction was performed. Thus, the recoveries of 94.7 % for Nd and 4.7 % for Am and Cm in organic phase, and 5.3 % Nd and 95.3 % for Am and Cm in aqueous phase were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Sasaki
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency , Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195 , Japan
| | - Keisuke Morita
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency , Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195 , Japan
| | - Masahiko Matsumiya
- Yokohama National University , 79-1 Tokiwadai , Yokohama 240-8501 , Japan
| | - Masahiko Nakase
- Tokyo Institute and Technology , 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8550 , Japan
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14
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Evaluation of Gadopiclenol and P846, 2 High-Relaxivity Macrocyclic Magnetic Resonance Contrast Agents Without Protein Binding, in a Rodent Model of Hepatic Metastases. Invest Radiol 2019; 54:549-558. [DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Pellico J, Ellis CM, Davis JJ. Nanoparticle-Based Paramagnetic Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2019; 2019:1845637. [PMID: 31191182 PMCID: PMC6525923 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1845637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging modality that is routinely used in clinics, providing anatomical information with micron resolution, soft tissue contrast, and deep penetration. Exogenous contrast agents increase image contrast by shortening longitudinal (T 1) and transversal (T 2) relaxation times. Most of the T 1 agents used in clinical MRI are based on paramagnetic lanthanide complexes (largely Gd-based). In moving to translatable formats of reduced toxicity, greater chemical stability, longer circulation times, higher contrast, more controlled functionalisation and additional imaging modalities, considerable effort has been applied to the development of nanoparticles bearing paramagnetic ions. This review summarises the most relevant examples in the synthesis and biomedical applications of paramagnetic nanoparticles as contrast agents for MRI and multimodal imaging. It includes the most recent developments in the field of production of agents with high relaxivities, which are key for effective contrast enhancement, exemplified through clinically relevant examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pellico
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Connor M. Ellis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Jason J. Davis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK
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