1
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Guo Z, Cao Y, Fan L, Liu W, Wei L, Ma Y, Ren J, Zhang Q, Cao C. A temperature-independent model of dual calibration standards for onsite and point-of-care quantification analyses via electrophoresis titration chip. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1289:342207. [PMID: 38245206 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Electrophoresis titration chip (ETC) is a versatile tool for onsite and point-of-care quantification analyses because it affords naked-eye detection and a straightforward quantification format. However, it is vulnerable to changes in environmental temperature, which regulates the electrophoretic migration by affecting the ion mobility and the target recognition by influencing the enzyme activity. Therefore, the quantification accuracy of the ETC tests was severely compromised. Rather than using the dry bath or heating/cooling units, we proposed a facile model of dual calibration standards (DCS) to mathematically eliminate the effects of temperature on quantification accuracy. To verify our model, we deployed the ETC device at different temperatures ranging from 5 to 40 °C. We further utilized the DCS-ETC to determine the protein content and uric acid concentration in real samples outside the laboratory. All the experimental results showed that our model significantly stabilized the quantification recovery from 35.31-153.44 % to 99.38-103.44 % for protein titration; the recovery of uric acid titration is also stable at 96.25-106.42 %, suggesting the enhanced robustness of the ETC tests. Therefore, DCS-ETC is a field-deployable test that can offer reliable quantification performance without extra equipment for temperature control. We envision that it is promising to be used for onsite applications, including food safety control and disease diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Guo
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information & Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yiren Cao
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information & Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Liuyin Fan
- Student Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Weiwen Liu
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information & Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Li Wei
- Shanghai 6th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200235, China
| | - Yixin Ma
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information & Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jicun Ren
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information & Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Chengxi Cao
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information & Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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2
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Tian Y, Cao Y, Zha G, Chen KE, Khan MI, Ren J, Liu W, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Cao C. Marker-Free Isoelectric Focusing Patterns for Identification of Meat Samples via Deep Learning. Anal Chem 2023; 95:13941-13948. [PMID: 37653711 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Isoelectric focusing (IEF) is a powerful tool for resolving complex protein samples, which generates IEF patterns consisting of multiplex analyte bands. However, the interpretation of IEF patterns requires the careful selection of isoelectric point (pI) markers for profiling the pH gradient and a trivial process of pI labeling, resulting in low IEF efficiency. Here, we for the first time proposed a marker-free IEF method for the efficient and accurate classification of IEF patterns by using a convolutional neural network (CNN) model. To verify our method, we identified 21 meat samples whose IEF patterns comprised different bands of meat hemoglobin, myoglobin, and their oxygen-binding variants but no pI marker. Thanks to the high throughput and short assay time of the microstrip IEF, we efficiently collected 1449 IEF patterns to construct the data set for model training. Despite the absence of pI markers, we experimentally introduced the severe pH gradient drift into 189 IEF patterns in the data set, thereby omitting the need for profiling the pH gradient. To enhance the model robustness, we further employed data augmentation during the model training to mimic pH gradient drift. With the advantages of simple preprocessing, a rapid inference of 50 ms, and a high accuracy of 97.1%, the CNN model outperformed the traditional algorithm for simultaneously identifying meat species and cuts of meat of 105 IEF patterns, suggesting its great potential of being combined with microstrip IEF for large-scale IEF analyses of complicated protein samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youli Tian
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information & Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yiren Cao
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information & Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Genhan Zha
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information & Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ke-Er Chen
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Muhammad Idrees Khan
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information & Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jicun Ren
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Weiwen Liu
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information & Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuxing Wang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information & Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chengxi Cao
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information & Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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3
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Wang Y, Xianyu Y. Colorimetric Sensing Strategy through the Coordination Chemistry between Ascorbic Acid 2-Phosphate and Copper Ions. Anal Chem 2023; 95:7202-7211. [PMID: 37129375 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The coordination chemistry between phosphorylated molecules and metal ions has been reported, while few studies focus on its sensing capability. Herein, we report a colorimetric sensing strategy through the coordination chemistry between ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (AAP) and copper ions. The phosphate group-containing AAP can coordinate with copper ions to induce a visible color change from blue to green in a rapid way, which can be easily read by the naked eye or a smartphone based on the blue-to-green (B/G) ratio. This coordination chemistry provides a facile and convenient strategy for designing colorimetric assays. Alkaline phosphatase can catalyze the hydrolysis of AAP to ascorbic acid (AA), thus modulating the AAP/AA transformation and the AAP-mediated coordination, offering a straightforward way for monitoring the enzymatic activity. This colorimetric sensing strategy shows good performances in stability, sensitivity, cost, and scale-up production, holding great promise as a point-of-care technique for diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunlei Xianyu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Diagnosis and Monitoring Research of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, 310016 Hangzhou, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, 315100 Ningbo, China
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4
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Towards the development of paper analytical devices for testing alkaline phosphatase, starch, and urea in milk. Int Dairy J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2022.105470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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5
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Madhu M, Chao CM, Ke CY, Hsieh MM, Tseng WL. Directed self-assembly of Ag+-deposited MoS2 quantum dots for colorimetric, fluorescent and fluorescence-lifetime sensing of alkaline phosphatase. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:1909-1919. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03826-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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6
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Takao J, Endo T, Hisamoto H, Sueyoshi K. Direct Measurement of Initial Rate of Enzyme Reaction by Electrokinetic Filtration Using a Hydrogel-plugged Capillary Device. ANAL SCI 2021; 37:1439-1446. [PMID: 33840683 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.21p067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel electrokinetic filtration device using a plugged hydrogel was developed to directly measure the initial rate of enzyme reactions. In the proposed method, the enzyme reaction proceeded only for a short time when the substrate was passed through a thin layer of enzyme trapped by the hydrogel without any lag times for mixing and detection. In experimental conditions, alkaline phosphatase (enzyme) was filtrated at a cathodic-side interface of the plugged hydrogel by molecular sieving effect, providing the thin enzyme zone whose thickness was approximately 100 μm. When 4-methylumberiferyl phosphate (substrate) was electrokinetically introduced into the device after trapping the enzyme, 4-methylumberiferone (product) was generated by the enzyme reaction for only 1.26 s as the substrate passed through the trapped enzyme zone. As a result, the initial rate of the enzyme reaction could be directly calculated to 31.0 μM/s by simply dividing the concentration of the product by the tunable reaction time. Compared to the initial rate obtained by mixing the enzyme and substrate solutions, the value of the maximum velocity of the enzyme reaction was 30-fold larger than that in the mixing method due to the preconcentration of the enzyme by trapping. The Michaelis-Menten constant in the proposed method was 2.7-fold larger than that in the mixing method, suggesting the variation of changes in the equilibrium of complex formation under the experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junku Takao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Tatsuro Endo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Hideaki Hisamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Kenji Sueyoshi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University.,Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO)
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7
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Kanno Y, Zhou Y, Fukuma T, Takahashi Y. Alkaline Phosphatase‐based Electrochemical Analysis for Point‐of‐Care Testing. ELECTROANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kanno
- Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology Yokohama Kanagawa 226-8503 Japan
| | - Yuanshu Zhou
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI) Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Takeshi Fukuma
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI) Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Yasufumi Takahashi
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI) Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO) Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) Saitama 332-0012 Japan
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8
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Chen L, Zhang Q, Liu W, Xiao H, Liu X, Fan L, Wang Y, Li H, Cao C. A facile thermometer-like electrophoresis titration biosensor for alternative miRNA assay via moving reaction boundary chip. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 171:112676. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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9
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Liu L, Jiang H, Wang X. Alkaline phosphatase-responsive Zn 2+ double-triggered nucleotide capped gold nanoclusters/ alginate hydrogel with recyclable nanozyme capability. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 173:112786. [PMID: 33190050 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A novel hydrogel loaded with adenosine 5'-monophosphate capped Au nanoclusters (AuAMP NCs) is fabricated in a gentle route by double-triggering of Zn2+. This built-in fluorescent hydrogel material not only has good optical properties of Au NCs, but also possesses excellent mechanical structure of hydrogel materials. Free phosphate ions may trigger the devastation of the "egg-box" structure of the as-prepared ZnSA-AuAMP hydrogel, thus releasing the immobilized fluorescent AuAMP NCs, with a release efficiency up to 93.62% within 3 h. On this basis, a fast, sensitive fluorescent detection method for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is achieved, with a linear detection of ALP in the range of 0.47-10.03 U/L and a limit of detection of 0.09 U/L. This allows the accurate detection of ALP in diluted human serum samples. Last but not least, the ZnSA-AuAMP hydrogel also exhibits peroxidase-like activity with good recyclability, because it is facile to be separated and extracted from catalytic reaction buffer. This work suggests that hydrogels may act as an inexpensive container for controllable regulation of nanozyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, PR China
| | - Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, PR China.
| | - Xuemei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, PR China.
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10
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Electrochemical Detection and Point-of-Care Testing for Circulating Tumor Cells: Current Techniques and Future Potentials. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20216073. [PMID: 33114569 PMCID: PMC7663783 DOI: 10.3390/s20216073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are tumor cells that escaped from the primary tumor or the metastasis into the blood and they play a major role in the initiation of metastasis and tumor recurrence. Thus, it is widely accepted that CTC is the main target of liquid biopsy. In the past few decades, the separation of CTC based on the electrochemical method has attracted widespread attention due to its convenience, rapidness, low cost, high sensitivity, and no need for complex instruments and equipment. At present, CTC detection is not widely used in the clinic due to various reasons. Point-of-care CTC detection provides us with a possibility, which is sensitive, fast, cheap, and easy to operate. More importantly, the testing instrument is small and portable, and the testing does not require specialized laboratories and specialized clinical examiners. In this review, we summarized the latest developments in the electrochemical-based CTC detection and point-of-care CTC detection, and discussed the challenges and possible trends.
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11
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Smartphone colorimetric assay of acid phosphatase based on a controlled iodine-mediated etching of gold nanorods. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:8051-8059. [PMID: 33001243 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02954-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A simple but efficient colorimetric assay was developed for the detection and quantification of acid phosphatase (ACP) using a smartphone. This strategy is based on target-controlled iodine-mediated etching of gold nanorods (AuNRs). Due to effective hydrolysis of the substrate pyrophosphate (PPi) by ACP, chelated Cu2+ with PPi was released, which promoted the redox reaction with an iodide ion (I-), leading to the formation of I3-. As the etching agent of AuNRs, I3- caused a blueshift of the localized surface plasmon resonance peak and, more importantly, an observable color change. The vivid colors were recorded with a smartphone camera and directly analyzed using an image-processing app. On the basis of the direct correlation between ACP concentration and the etching degree of AuNRs as well as color change, this smartphone nanocolorimetry technique showed a good linear response toward ACP over the range of 0-15.0 U/L, with a detection limit of 0.97 U/L. Using the standard addition method, the practical applicability of the proposed smartphone-based assay was successfully demonstrated by determining ACP in human serum samples, with results consistent with those obtained by UV-Vis spectrophotometry.
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12
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Zhou X, Khusbu FY, Chen H, Ma C. A turn-on fluorescence assay of alkaline phosphatase activity based on an enzyme-triggered conformational switch of G-quadruplex. Talanta 2020; 208:120453. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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13
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Balbaied T, Moore E. Overview of Optical and Electrochemical Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Biosensors: Recent Approaches in Cells Culture Techniques. BIOSENSORS 2019; 9:E102. [PMID: 31450819 PMCID: PMC6784369 DOI: 10.3390/bios9030102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which catalyzes the dephosphorylation process of proteins, nucleic acids, and small molecules, can be found in a variety of tissues (intestine, liver, bone, kidney, and placenta) of almost all living organisms. This enzyme has been extensively used as a biomarker in enzyme immunoassays and molecular biology. ALP is also one of the most commonly assayed enzymes in routine clinical practice. Due to its close relation to a variety of pathological processes, ALP's abnormal level is an important diagnostic biomarker of many human diseases, such as liver dysfunction, bone diseases, kidney acute injury, and cancer. Therefore, the development of convenient and reliable assay methods for monitoring ALP activity/level is extremely important and valuable, not only for clinical diagnoses but also in the area of biomedical research. This paper comprehensively reviews the strategies of optical and electrochemical detection of ALP and discusses the electrochemical techniques that have been addressed to make them suitable for ALP analysis in cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanih Balbaied
- University College Cork, Sensing & Separation Group, School of Chemistry and life Science Interface, Tyndall National Institute, T12R5CP Cork, Ireland
| | - Eric Moore
- University College Cork, Sensing & Separation Group, School of Chemistry and life Science Interface, Tyndall National Institute, T12R5CP Cork, Ireland.
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14
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Kong H, Liu WW, Zhang W, Zhang Q, Wang CH, Khan MI, Wang YX, Fan LY, Cao CX. Facile, Rapid, and Low-Cost Electrophoresis Titration of Thrombin by Aptamer-Linked Magnetic Nanoparticles and a Redox Boundary Chip. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:29549-29556. [PMID: 31259516 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b09598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An aptamer-linked assay of a target biomarker (e.g., thrombin) is facing the challenges of long-term run, complex performance, and expensive instrument, unfitting clinical diagnosis in resource-limited areas. Herein, a facile chip electrophoresis titration (ET) model was proposed for rapid, portable, and low-cost assay of thrombin via aptamer-linked magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), redox boundary (RB), and horseradish peroxidase (HRP). In the electrophoresis titration-redox boundary (ET-RB) model, thrombin was chosen as a model biomarker, which could be captured within 15 min by MNP-aptamer 1 and HRP-aptamer 2, forming a sandwich complex of (MNP-aptamer 1)-thrombin-(HRP-aptamer 2). After MNP separation and chromogenic reaction of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) within 10 min, an ET-RB run could be completed within 5 min based on the reaction between a 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine radical cation (TMB•+) and l-ascorbic acid in the ET channel. The systemic experiments based on the ET-RB method revealed that the sandwich complex could be formed and the thrombin content could be assayed via an ET-RB chip, demonstrating the developed model and method. In particular, the ET-RB method had the evident merits of simplicity, rapidity (less than 30 min), and low cost as well as portability and visuality, in contrast to the currently used thrombin assay. In addition, the developed method had high selectivity, sensitivity (limit of detection of 0.04 nM), and stability (intraday: 3.26%, interday: 6.07%) as well as good recovery (urine: 97-102%, serum: 94-103%). The developed model and method have potential to the development of a point-of-care testing assay in resource-constrained conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Kong
- Shanghai Sixth Peoples' Hospital East , Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School , Shanghai 201306 , China
| | - Wei-Wen Liu
- Shanghai Sixth Peoples' Hospital East , Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School , Shanghai 201306 , China
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information & Electrical Engineering , §State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology , ∥School of Physics and Astronomy , and ⊥Student Innovation Center , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | | | - Qiang Zhang
- Shanghai Sixth Peoples' Hospital East , Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School , Shanghai 201306 , China
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information & Electrical Engineering , §State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology , ∥School of Physics and Astronomy , and ⊥Student Innovation Center , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Cun-Huai Wang
- Shanghai Sixth Peoples' Hospital East , Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School , Shanghai 201306 , China
| | - Muhammad Idrees Khan
- Shanghai Sixth Peoples' Hospital East , Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School , Shanghai 201306 , China
| | | | | | - Cheng-Xi Cao
- Shanghai Sixth Peoples' Hospital East , Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School , Shanghai 201306 , China
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information & Electrical Engineering , §State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology , ∥School of Physics and Astronomy , and ⊥Student Innovation Center , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
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15
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Zhang Q, Liu W, Khan MI, Wang C, Li G, Xiao H, Wang Y, Cao C. Facile Counting of Ligands Capped on Nanoparticles via a Titration Chip of Moving Reaction Boundary Electrophoresis. Anal Chem 2019; 91:7500-7504. [PMID: 31132248 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Absolute quantification of ligand capped on the surface of nanoparticles (NPs) has faced a great challenge without the use of complex inner standards (CIS). Herein, we proposed a facile electrophoresis titration (ET) model, designed an ET device, and developed a relevant method for counting the ligand on NPs without the use of CIS, based on moving reaction boundary (MRB). Furthermore, we conducted the relevant ET runs by using 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) and quantum dots (QDs) as the model ligand and NPs, respectively. The experiments revealed that the ligand content of 1518 ± 295 obtained via an ET was close to the one of 1408 ± 117 determined via NMR, validating the ET model. Moreover, the experiments showed fair stability (RSD < 5.62%) and simplicity of ET without the use of CIS. Evidently, the ET model opens a window for facile assay of ligand capped on NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East , Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School , Shanghai 201306 , China.,Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China.,School of Life Science and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Weiwen Liu
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Muhammad Idrees Khan
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East , Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School , Shanghai 201306 , China.,Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China.,School of Life Science and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Cunhuai Wang
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East , Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School , Shanghai 201306 , China.,Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China.,School of Life Science and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Guoqing Li
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East , Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School , Shanghai 201306 , China.,Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China.,School of Life Science and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Hua Xiao
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Yuxing Wang
- School of Physics and Astronomy , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Chengxi Cao
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East , Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School , Shanghai 201306 , China.,Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China.,School of Life Science and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
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16
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17
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Kong FZ, Jahan S, Zhong R, Cao XY, Li WL, Wang YX, Xiao H, Liu WW, Cao CX. Electrophoresis Titration Model of a Moving Redox Boundary Chip for a Point-of-Care Test of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. ACS Sens 2019; 4:126-133. [PMID: 30604605 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b01017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) have been widely used in clinical examination, food safety, and environmental analyses. However, they still face a great challenge in designing a device for a point-of-care test (POCT) due to its bulk optical detector and complexity. Herein an electrophoresis titration (ET) model of a moving redox boundary (MRB) was proposed for constructing an ET-ELISA chip of a POCT just with sextuplet electrode pairs and laminated cells. The chip had an anodic well, middle well, and cathode well which were connected by microchannels. The ELISA process was conducted in the bottom of the middle well, where horseradish peroxidase (HRP) catalyzed 3,3',5,5'-tetra-methyl benzidine (TMB) as a blue TMB dimer with two positive charges. Under an electrical field of 29 V, the TMB dimer migrated into the titration channel and reacted with the ascorbic acid, creating an MRB. The MRB motion was a function of antigen content, indicating a visual distance-based assay. As a proof of concept, a C-reactive protein was chosen as a model antigen. The experiments systemically validated the ET-ELISA model and method. Particularly, the chip was smartphone-detected, traditional power supply free, and did not use sulfuric acid used in typical ELISA, making the ET-ELISA method extremely simple, portable, and safe. The ET-ELISA has great potential to visual and portable ELISA in clinical medicine, the environment, and food safety immunoassay.
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