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Zhao T, Xu Y, Liu R, Shang X, Huang C, Dong W, Long M, Zou B, Wang X, Li G, Shen Y, Liu T, Tang B. Molecular Engineering Design of Enhanced Donor-Acceptor Therapeutic Reagent for Efficient Image-Guided Photodynamic Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301035. [PMID: 37450348 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The greatest barrier to the further development and clinical application of tumor image-guided photodynamic therapy (PDT), is the inconsistency between the fluorescence intensity and singlet oxygen generation yield of the photosensitizer under light excitation. Herein, a novel donor-acceptor (D-A) system is designed from the point of molecular selection by wrapping a classical porphyrin molecule (5,10,15,20-tetraphenylphorphyrin, H2 TPP) as an acceptor into conjugated polymer (Poly[N,N'-bis(4-butylpheny)-N,N'-bis(phenyl)benzidine], ADS254BE) as a donor through fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) mechanism, which exhibits bright red emission centered at 650 nm (quantum yield, 0.12), relatively large Stoke shift of 276 nm, enhanced singlet oxygen generation rate of 0.73, and excellent photostability. The investigations on distribution and killing effect of nanomaterials in cancer cells reveal that ADS254BE/H2 TPP NPs can accumulate in the cytoplasm for imaging while simultaneously producing a large amount of singlet oxygen to remarkably kill cancer cells, which can be used for real-time image-guided PDT. In the xenograft tumor model, real-time imaging and long-term tracing in tumor tissue with ADS254BE/H2 TPP NPs disclose that the growth of lung cancer in mice can be effectively inhibited during in situ imaging. From the standpoint of molecular engineering design, this work provides a feasible strategy for novel D-A systems to improve the development of image-guided PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhao
- School, of Basic Medical Sciences, Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yanli Xu
- School, of Basic Medical Sciences, Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Rui Liu
- School, of Basic Medical Sciences, Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xiaofei Shang
- School, of Basic Medical Sciences, Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Ciyuan Huang
- Guangxi Key Lab of Processing for Nonferrous Metals and Featured Materials and Key Lab of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education; School of Resources, Environments and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Wuqi Dong
- School, of Basic Medical Sciences, Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Min Long
- Guangxi Key Lab of Processing for Nonferrous Metals and Featured Materials and Key Lab of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education; School of Resources, Environments and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Bingsuo Zou
- Guangxi Key Lab of Processing for Nonferrous Metals and Featured Materials and Key Lab of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education; School of Resources, Environments and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Xianwen Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Gang Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yuxian Shen
- School, of Basic Medical Sciences, Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Guangxi Key Lab of Processing for Nonferrous Metals and Featured Materials and Key Lab of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education; School of Resources, Environments and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
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2
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Neill JS, Boyle NM, Marques Passo T, Heintz K, Browne WR, Quilty B, Pryce MT. Photophysical and electrochemical properties of meso-tetrathien-2’-yl porphyrins compared to meso-tetraphenylporphyrin. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2023.114573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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3
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Dingiswayo S, Burgess K, Babu B, Mack J, Nyokong T. Photodynamic Antitumor and Antimicrobial Activities of Free-Base Tetra(4-methylthiolphenyl)chlorin and Its Tin(IV) Complex. Chempluschem 2022; 87:e202200115. [PMID: 35604018 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Meso-tetra(4-methylthiolphenyl)chlorin (3) and its Sn(IV) complex (3-Sn) have been synthesized and characterized. The heavy atom effects of the Sn(IV) ion and sulfur atoms result in relatively high singlet oxygen quantum yield values of 0.40 and 0.48. The photodynamic activities against MCF-7 breast cancer cells were determined through irradiation with a Thorlabs 660 nm LED for 30 min (280 mW.cm-2). IC50 values of 7.8 and 3.9 μM were obtained, respectively. 3-Sn was found to have significant photodynamic antimicrobial activity against both gram-(+) S. aureus and gram-(-) E. coli bacteria upon irradiation with a Thorlabs 660 nm LED for 75 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somila Dingiswayo
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
| | - Kristen Burgess
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
| | - Balaji Babu
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
| | - John Mack
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
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4
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Babu B, Mack J, Nyokong T. A Sn( iv) porphyrin with mitochondria targeting properties for enhanced photodynamic activity against MCF-7 cells. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00350c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A Sn(iv) porphyrin with a mitochondria targeting triphenylphosphonium moiety has a high ΦΔ value (ca. 0.72) and does not aggregate in aqueous solution. The dye exhibits favorable photodynamic activity against MCF-7 cells with an IC50 value of 2.9 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Babu
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - John Mack
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
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5
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Babu B, Mack J, Nyokong T. Sn(IV) N-confused porphyrins as photosensitizer dyes for photodynamic therapy in the near IR region. Dalton Trans 2021; 49:15180-15183. [PMID: 33107524 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03296d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The utility of Sn(iv) N-confused porphyrin (SnNCP) for use as photosensitizer dyes in photodynamic therapy is investigated. SnNCP has an unusually high singlet oxygen quantum yield of 0.72 in DMSO. IC50 values of 1.6 and 12.8 μM were obtained against MCF-7 cells upon irradiation with 660 and 780 nm LEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Babu
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation. Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - John Mack
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation. Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation. Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
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Babu B, Mack J, Nyokong T. An octabrominated Sn(iv) tetraisopropylporphyrin as a photosensitizer dye for singlet oxygen biomedical applications. Dalton Trans 2021; 49:9568-9573. [PMID: 32578634 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01915a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Two novel Sn(iv) tetraisopropylphenylporphyrins have been synthesized to explore the effect of octabromination at the β-pyrrole positions on their photophysical properties and photodynamic activity. The lower energy Q band of an octabrominated complex lies at 675 nm well within the therapeutic window. The octabrominated dye has a relatively high singlet oxygen quantum yield of 0.78 in DMF and exhibits favorable photodynamic activity against MCF-7 cells with an IC50 value of 10.7 μM and a 5.74 log reduction value (5 μM) towards S. aureus under illumination at 660 nm for 60 min with a Thorlabs M660L3 LED (280 mW cm-2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Babu
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa.
| | - John Mack
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa.
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa.
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Oyim J, Omolo CA, Amuhaya EK. Photodynamic Antimicrobial Chemotherapy: Advancements in Porphyrin-Based Photosensitize Development. Front Chem 2021; 9:635344. [PMID: 33898388 PMCID: PMC8058465 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.635344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The reduction of available drugs with effectiveness against microbes is worsening with the current global crisis of antimicrobial resistance. This calls for innovative strategies for combating antimicrobial resistance. Photodynamic Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (PACT) is a relatively new method that utilizes the combined action of light, oxygen, and a photosensitizer to bring about the destruction of microorganisms. This technique has been found to be effective against a wide spectrum of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Of greater interest is their ability to destroy resistant strains of microorganisms and in effect help in combating the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. This manuscript reviews porphyrins and porphyrin-type photosensitizers that have been studied in the recent past with a focus on their structure-activity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Oyim
- School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, United States International University-Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Calvin A. Omolo
- School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, United States International University-Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Edith K. Amuhaya
- School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, United States International University-Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
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Self-assembly of a symmetrical dimethoxyphenyl substituted Zn(II) phthalocyanine into nanoparticles with enhanced NIR absorbance for singlet oxygen generation. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.113123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Babu B, Mack J, Nyokong T. Photodynamic activity of Sn(IV) tetrathien-2-ylchlorin against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:2177-2182. [PMID: 33496304 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03958f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new readily-synthesized Sn(iv) tetraarylchlorin with thien-2-yl substituents (SnC) has been prepared and fully characterized by various spectroscopic techniques and its photophysical and photochemical properties, such as the singlet oxygen quantum yield (ΦΔ), fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF), triplet lifetime (τT) and photostability, have been evaluated. SnC has an unusually high ΦΔ value of 0.89 in DMF. Studies on the photodynamic activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells exhibited a very low IC50 value of 0.9 μM and high phototoxicity (dark versus light) indices of >27.8 after irradiation with a 660 nm Thorlabs LED (280 mW cm-2). The results demonstrate that Sn(iv) tetraarylchlorins of this type are suitable candidates for further in-depth PDT studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Babu
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa.
| | - John Mack
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa.
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa.
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10
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Mazumdar ZH, Sharma D, Mukherjee A, Basu S, Shukla PK, Jha T, Sengupta D. meso-Thiophenium Porphyrins and Their Zn(II) Complexes: A New Category of Cationic Photosensitizers. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:2041-2047. [PMID: 33062190 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A new category of cationic meso-thiophenium porphyrins are introduced as possible alternatives to the popular meso-pyridinium porphyrins. Combinations of cationic porphyrins bearing meso-2-methylthiophenium and meso-4-hydroxyphenyl moieties T2(OH)2M (A2B2 type) and T(OH)3M (AB3 type) along with their zinc(II) complexes T2(OH)2MZn and T(OH)3MZn, are reported. The increase in the number of thienyl groups attached to the meso-positions of the porphyrin derivatives (A2B2 frame) has been shown to impart longer fluorescence lifetimes and stronger photocytotoxicity toward A549 lung cancer cells, as evident with T2(OH)2M and its corresponding diamagnetic metal complex T2(OH)2MZn. The photoactivated T2(OH)2MZn imparts an early stage reactive oxygen species (ROS) upregulation and antioxidant depletion in A549 cells and contributes to the strongest oxidative stress-induced cell death mechanism in the series. The DFT calculations of the singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔE) of all the four hydrophilic thiophenium porphyrin derivatives establish the potential applicability of these cationic photosensitizers as PDT agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeaul Hoque Mazumdar
- Department of Chemistry, Assam University, Dargakona, Silchar-788011, Assam India
| | - Debdulal Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Assam University, Dargakona, Silchar-788011, Assam India
| | - Avinaba Mukherjee
- Department of Zoology, Charuchandra College, University of Calcutta, Kolkata-700029, West Bengal, India
| | - Samita Basu
- Chemical Science Division Saha, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata-700064, West Bengal, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Shukla
- Department of Physics, Assam University, Dargakona, Silchar-788011, Assam, India
| | - Tarun Jha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Devashish Sengupta
- Department of Chemistry, Assam University, Dargakona, Silchar-788011, Assam India
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Dingiswayo S, Babu B, Prinsloo E, Mack J, Nyokong T. A comparative study of the photophysicochemical and photodynamic activity properties of meso-4-methylthiophenyl functionalized Sn(IV) tetraarylporphyrins and triarylcorroles. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424620500273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Tin(IV) complexes of a 4-methylthiophenyl functionalized porphyrin (1-Sn) and its corrole analogue (2-Sn) were synthesized so that their photophysicochemical properties and photodynamic activities against MCF-7 breast cancer cells could be compared. Singlet oxygen luminescence studies revealed that 1-Sn and 2-Sn have comparable [Formula: see text] values in DMF of 0.59 and 0.60, respectively, while the IC[Formula: see text] values after irradiation of MCF-7 cells for 30 min with a Thorlabs 625 nm LED (432 J · cm[Formula: see text] were determined to be 12.4 and 8.9 [Formula: see text]M. The results demonstrate that the cellular uptake of 2-Sn and its molar absorptivity at the irradiation wavelength play a crucial role during in vitro cytotoxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somila Dingiswayo
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Balaji Babu
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Earl Prinsloo
- Biotechnology Innovation Centre, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - John Mack
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
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Molupe N, Babu B, Prinsloo E, Kaassis AYA, Edkins K, Mack J, Nyokong T. Photodynamic activity of Sn(IV) meso-tetraacenaphthylporphyrin and its methyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619501633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel Sn(IV) meso-tetraacenaphthylporphyrin (SnTAcP) has been synthesized and characterized. SnTAcP was complexed with methyl-[Formula: see text]-cyclodextrin (m[Formula: see text]-CD), a nanocarrier that enhances water solubility, and the complexes were evaluated as PDT agents using MCF-7 breast cancer cells. A relatively low singlet oxygen quantum yield value of 0.36 was obtained in DMF, and the lowest energy Q band lies at 608 nm on the edge of the therapeutic window. SnTAcP was found to be non-toxic in the dark and phototoxic towards MCF-7 breast cancer cells with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC[Formula: see text] value of 11 ± 1.1 [Formula: see text]g · mL[Formula: see text] after 30 min of irradiation with a 625 nm Thorlabs LED that provides a dose of 432 J · cm[Formula: see text]. A higher IC[Formula: see text] value of 21 ± 1.1 [Formula: see text]g · mL-1 was obtained for the m[Formula: see text]-CD inclusion complex of SnTAcP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nthabeleng Molupe
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Balaji Babu
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Earl Prinsloo
- Biotechnology Innovation Centre, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | | | - Katharina Edkins
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - John Mack
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
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Babu B, Soy RC, Mack J, Nyokong T. Non-aggregated lipophilic water-soluble tin porphyrins as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy and photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj01564d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Readily-synthesized water-soluble Sn(iv) tetrapyridylporphyrin dyes have been prepared which exhibit enhanced properties for use as photosensitizer dyes in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Babu
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation
- Department of Chemistry
- Rhodes University
- Makhanda 6140
- South Africa
| | - Rodah C. Soy
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation
- Department of Chemistry
- Rhodes University
- Makhanda 6140
- South Africa
| | - John Mack
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation
- Department of Chemistry
- Rhodes University
- Makhanda 6140
- South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation
- Department of Chemistry
- Rhodes University
- Makhanda 6140
- South Africa
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Kuzuhara D, Nakaoka H, Matsuo K, Aratani N, Yamada H. 2,7,12,17-Tetra(2,5-thienylene)-substituted porphycenes. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619500743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We report syntheses of thiophene and dithiophene-substituted porphycenes (ThPc and DThPc) at 2,7,12,17-positions by McMurry coupling. The crystal structure of ThPc revealed that the porphycene plane shows a highly planar structure, and the dihedral angles between the porphycene core and thiophene are relatively small at 21[Formula: see text] and 18[Formula: see text]. ThPc and DThPc exhibit red-shifted and broadened absorption because of the extension of [Formula: see text] conjugations through porphycene to the substituted thiophenes. We found that introduction of thiophene units onto porphycene results in decreasing the HOMO–LUMO differences effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Kuzuhara
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, 4-3-5 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8551, Japan
| | - Haruka Nakaoka
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Kyohei Matsuo
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Naoki Aratani
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Hiroko Yamada
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
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Babu B, Prinsloo E, Mack J, Nyokong T. Synthesis, characterization and photodynamic activity of Sn(iv) triarylcorroles with red-shifted Q bands. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj03391b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A tin(iv)corrole with meso-thien-2-yl rings has significantly red-shifted Q bands and is found to have favourable photodynamic therapy activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Babu
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation
- Department of Chemistry
- Rhodes University
- Makhanda 6140
- South Africa
| | - Earl Prinsloo
- Biotechnology Innovation Centre
- Rhodes University
- Makhanda 6140
- South Africa
| | - John Mack
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation
- Department of Chemistry
- Rhodes University
- Makhanda 6140
- South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation
- Department of Chemistry
- Rhodes University
- Makhanda 6140
- South Africa
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