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Han L, Tan H, Lee J, Wang P, Zhao Y. Synthesis of triazole AD-1 derivatives and its mechanism of mediating DNA damage of ROS in lung cancer cells. Bioorg Chem 2024; 148:107457. [PMID: 38763000 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Based on the significant biological activities and the remarkable physical and chemical properties of 1H-1,2,3-triazole pharmacophore, we herein adopted the strategy of click chemistry to combine the triazole fragment and the unique scaffold of 25-OCH3-PPD (AD-1) to design a series of potent compounds inducing apoptosis and DNA damage. The anti-proliferative effect was verified by MTT assay and colony formation assay. DNA double-stand breaks (DSBs) were obtained by observing the nuclear focus formation and the protein expression of γ-H2AX. Cell cycle arrest was evaluated by the cycle-related proteins such as CDK2, CDK4, CDK6, Cyclin D1 and P21. Apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) detection and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was measured with 2', 7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) staining. According to SAR analysis, the most potent compound 6a exhibited great inhibitory effect against A549 cells, which IC50 value of 2.84 ± 0.68 μM. Furthermore, 6a remarkably induced DNA damage, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in A549 cells. 6a treatment increased the levels of ROS. Network pharmacology and molecular docking predicted the potential signaling pathways and ligand-receptor interactions, and the results of western blotting showed that 6a inhibited the PI3K/Akt/Bcl-2 signaling pathway by decreasing PI3K and Bcl-2 and total level of Akt expression, while Bax and Cyt c were increasing in 6a-treated A549 cells. As mentioned above, 6a has a potent inhibitory effect in A549 cells through induction of DNA damage, apoptosis via ROS generation and modulation of PI3K/Akt/Bcl-2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Han
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, 133002, China
| | - Hongyan Tan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, 133002, China
| | - Jungjoon Lee
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, 133002, China
| | - Peng Wang
- ORxes Therapeutics (Shanghai)Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200120, China.
| | - Yuqing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, 133002, China.
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2
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Liang HZ, Lu PX, Chu LL, Li G, Li CB, Chen XJ, Zhang J, Song J, Zhang T, Luo Y, Hu Y, Ma BP. Dammarane-type saponins from Gynostemma pentaphyllum and their anti-aging activities via up-regulating mitochondria related proteins. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023:113744. [PMID: 37301356 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The importance of mitochondria in regulation of aging has been extensively recognized and confirmed. Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino, a homology of medicine and food, has been widely utilized as dietary supplement. In this study, the transcriptome of normal cells (wild type mouse embryo fibroblasts) regulated by the 30% aqueous EtOH extract of G. pentaphyllum was firstly evaluated by RNA sequencing and the results revealed that the G. pentaphyllum could up-regulate the genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and sirtuin (SIRT) signaling pathways, indicating its effect in promoting cell viability might be attributed to the role of improving mitochondrial functions. To further discover the bioactive compounds, sixteen undescribed dammarane-type saponins along with twenty-eight known analogues were isolated from the active extract of G. pentaphyllum. Their structures were elucidated by means of comprehensive analysis of NMR and HRMS spectroscopic data. All isolates were evaluated for the regulatory effects on SIRT3 and translocase of the outer membrane 20 (TOM20), and thirteen of them exhibited satisfactory agonist activities on both SIRT3 and TOM20 at 5 μM. Furthermore, the preliminary structure-activity relationships analysis demonstrated the additional hydroxymethyl and carbonyl groups or less sugar residues in saponins could contribute positively to the up-regulatory effect on SIRT3 and TOM20. These findings encouraged the potential roles of G. pentaphyllum and its bioactive saponins in the development of natural drugs for the treatment of aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Zhen Liang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Peng-Xin Lu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Li-Li Chu
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Gang Li
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Chuan-Biao Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Chen
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Juan Song
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- AnKang Chia Tai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shaanxi, 725000, China
| | - Ying Luo
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Ying Hu
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, 550025, China.
| | - Bai-Ping Ma
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
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3
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Han L, Li T, Miao D, Lee J, Xiao S, Piao H, Zhao Y. Design, Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Novel Indole Derivatives of Panaxadiol. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200372. [PMID: 35938749 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Based on the well-known cytotoxicity of indole compounds, we used the 'Fisher indole synthesis' method to introduce appropriately substituted indole rings into panaxadiol (PD), generating eighteen novel Panaxadiol indole derivatives. Six human cancer cell lines (A549, HepG-2, HCT-116, SGC-7901, MDA-MB-231, PC-3 cells) and one normal ovarian cell lines (IOSE144) were designed to evaluate the anti-proliferative activity of the PD derivatives. The results showed that the majority of PD derivatives showed enhanced anti-proliferative activity, when compared with PD, with P-Methylindolo-PD exhibiting the highest cytotoxicity. In A549 cells, IC50 value was 5.01±0.87 μM, which is roughly 12 times higher than the activity of PD and 5 times that of 5-FU. Moreover, cell morphology analysis and Annexin V-FITC/PI assays exhibited that P-Methylindolo-PD could induce A549 cell apoptosis (55.7 % of apoptotic cells at 20 μM). Moreover, molecular docking experiments were performed to explore the molecular mechanism underlining the binding of P-Methylindolo-PD to the active site of EGFR. The results support that P-Methylindolo-PD might be a promising lead compound for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Han
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, P. R. China
| | - Tao Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, P. R. China
| | - Dongyu Miao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, P. R. China
| | - Jungjoon Lee
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, P. R. China
| | - Shengnan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, P. R. China
| | - Huri Piao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, P. R. China
| | - Yuqing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, P. R. China
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Xiao S, Wang X, Xu L, Li T, Cao J, Zhao Y. Novel panaxadiol triazole derivatives induce apoptosis in HepG-2 cells through the mitochondrial pathway. Bioorg Chem 2020; 102:104078. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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De Wang X, Li T, Li Y, Yuan WH, Zhao YQ. 2-Pyrazine-PPD, a novel dammarane derivative, showed anticancer activity by reactive oxygen species-mediate apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress in gastric cancer cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 881:173211. [PMID: 32464194 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
20 (R)-Dammarane-3β, 12β, 20, 25-tetrol (25-OH-PPD), a ginsenoside, was derived from Panax ginseng (C. A. Meyer) and inhibited growth of several cancer cell lines. To improve the anti-cancer activity, we introduced the pyrazine ring to 25-OH-PPD and obtained the compound 20(R)-[2,3-β]-Pyrazine-dammarane-12β,20,25-triol (2-Pyrazine-PPD). we evaluated the anti-cancer activity of 2-Pyrazine-PPD and investigated the main anti-cancer mechanisms of 2-Pyrazine-PPD in gastric cancer cells. We found that 2-Pyrazine-PPD remarkably suppressed the proliferation of gastric cancer cells in a concentration-dependent, and showed little toxicity to the normal cell (human gastric epithelial cell line-GES-1). Further study indicated that 2-Pyrazine-PPD induced apoptosis by mitochondria pathway in BGC-803 cancer cells, and activated unfolded protein response and the protein kinase RNA-activated (PKR)-like ER kinase (PERK)/Eukaryotic translation initiation factor-2α (eIF-2α)/Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) axis, the expression level of the protein C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), the marker of endoplasmic reticulum stress, and the apoptosis inducing by 2-Pyrazine-PPD can partly be inhibited by siRNA-mediated knockdown of CHOP. Moreover, the production of reactive oxygen species was remarkably up-regulated in BGC-803 cancer cells treated with 2-Pyrazine-PPD. N-acetylcysteine (NAC, a reactive oxygen species scavenger) can attenuate 2-Pyrazine-PPD-induced apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Taken together, we suggested that 2-Pyrazine-PPD exhibited remarkable anti-cancer activity by reactive oxygen species-mediate cell apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress in gastric cancer cells. Our results uncovered the mechanism of 2-Pyrazine-PPD as a promising anti-tumor candidate for gastric cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu De Wang
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China; Key Laboratory of Structure-based Drug Design and Discovery of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceurical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Tao Li
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China; Key Laboratory of Structure-based Drug Design and Discovery of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceurical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China; Key Laboratory of Structure-based Drug Design and Discovery of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceurical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Wei Hui Yuan
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China; Key Laboratory of Structure-based Drug Design and Discovery of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceurical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Yu Qing Zhao
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China; Key Laboratory of Structure-based Drug Design and Discovery of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceurical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
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6
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Wang M, Li H, Liu W, Cao H, Hu X, Gao X, Xu F, Li Z, Hua H, Li D. Dammarane-type leads panaxadiol and protopanaxadiol for drug discovery: Biological activity and structural modification. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 189:112087. [PMID: 32007667 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Based on the definite therapeutic benefits, such as neuroprotective, cardioprotective, anticancer, anti-diabetic and so on, the Panax genus which contains many valuable plants, including ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer), notoginseng (Panax notoginseng) and American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.), attracts research focus. Actually, the biological and pharmacological effects of the Panax genus are mainly attributed to the abundant ginsenosides. However, the low membrane permeability and the gastrointestinal tract influence seriously limit the absorption and bioavailability of ginsenosides. The acid or base hydrolysates of ginsenosides, 20 (R,S)-panaxadiol and 20 (R,S)-protopanaxadiol showed improved bioavailability and diverse pharmacological activities. Moreover, relative stable skeletons and active hydroxyl group at C-3 position and other reactive sites are suitable for structural modification to improve biological activities. In this review, the pharmacological activities of panaxadiol, protopanaxadiol and their structurally modified derivatives are comprehensively summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, And School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Haonan Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, And School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Hao Cao
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Xu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, And School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, And School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Fanxing Xu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Zhanlin Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, And School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Huiming Hua
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, And School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Dahong Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, And School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
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7
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Ma L, Wang X, Li W, Miao D, Li Y, Lu J, Zhao Y. Synthesis and anti-cancer activity studies of dammarane-type triterpenoid derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 187:111964. [PMID: 31862444 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Two series of novel derivatives of AD-2, an active ginsenoside derived from ginseng were designed and synthesized. Five human cancer cell lines (MGC-803, SGC-7901, A549, MCF-7, PC-3 cells) and one normal ovarian cell IOSE144 were employed to evaluate the anti-proliferative activity. Most of derivatives possessed obvious enhanced activity compared with AD-2. Among them, compound 4c displayed the most excellent activity in all tested cancer cell lines, especially A549 cells with an IC50 value of 1.07 ± 0.05 μM. The underlying mechanism study suggested that 4c induced S-phase arrest and apoptosis in A549 cells. Increasing the level of ROS and inducing collapse of MMP in cells treated with 4c were also proved. Moreover, Western blot analysis showed that the expression level of p53 and p21 were obviously increased. 4c could remarkably up-regulate the expression of cyt c in cytosol, the ratio of Bax to Bcl-2 and activate caspase-3/9/PARP. Besides, the expression level of MDM2 was remarkably decreased. The results indicated that 4c caused apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway, which ROS generation was probably involved in, and had the potent to serve as anti-proliferative agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ma
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xude Wang
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Dongyu Miao
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jincai Lu
- Department of Medicinal Plant, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Yuqing Zhao
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Structure-based Drug Design &; Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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8
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Xiao S, Lin Z, Wang X, Lu J, Zhao Y. Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Panaxadiol Derivatives. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e1900516. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Xiao
- School of Functional Food and Red WineShenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 P. R. China
| | - Zhe Lin
- School of Functional Food and Red WineShenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 P. R. China
| | - Xude Wang
- School of Functional Food and Red WineShenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 P. R. China
| | - Jincai Lu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia MedicaShenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 P. R. China
| | - Yuqing Zhao
- School of Functional Food and Red WineShenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of EducationShenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 P. R. China
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Synthesis, structure and in vitro biological evaluation of new lupane and dammarane triterpenoids fused with pyrazine heterocycle. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Zhang Q, Wang X, Lv L, Su G, Zhao Y. Antineoplastic Activity, Structural Modification, Synthesis and Structure-activity Relationship of Dammarane-type Ginsenosides: An Overview. CURR ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272823666190401141138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Dammarane-type ginsenosides are a class of tetracyclic triterpenoids with the same dammarane skeleton. These compounds have a wide range of pharmaceutical applications for neoplasms, diabetes mellitus and other metabolic syndromes, hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, aging, neurodegenerative disease, bone disease, liver disease, kidney disease, gastrointestinal disease and other conditions. In order to develop new antineoplastic drugs, it is necessary to improve the bioactivity, solubility and bioavailability, and illuminate the mechanism of action of these compounds. A large number of ginsenosides and their derivatives have been separated from certain herbs or synthesized, and tested in various experiments, such as anti-proliferation, induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and cancer-involved signaling pathways. In this review, we have summarized the progress in structural modification, shed light on the structure-activity relationship (SAR), and offered insights into biosynthesis-structural association. This review is expected to provide a preliminary guide for the modification and synthesis of ginsenosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR, China
| | - Xude Wang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR, China
| | - Liyan Lv
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR, China
| | - Guangyue Su
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR, China
| | - Yuqing Zhao
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR, China
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