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Bogdanov AV, Bukharov SV, Garifullina RA, Voloshina AD, Lyubina AP, Amerkhanova SK, Bezsonova MS, Khaptsev ZY, Tsivileva OM. Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity Evaluation of Ammonium Acylhydrazones Based on 4,6-Di-tert-butyl-2,3-dihydroxybenzaldehyde. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363222100012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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2
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Sommers KJ, Michaud ME, Hogue CE, Scharnow AM, Amoo LE, Petersen AA, Carden RG, Minbiole KPC, Wuest WM. Quaternary Phosphonium Compounds: An Examination of Non-Nitrogenous Cationic Amphiphiles That Evade Disinfectant Resistance. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:387-397. [PMID: 35077149 PMCID: PMC8996050 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) serve as mainstays in the formulation of disinfectants and antiseptics. However, an over-reliance and misuse of our limited QAC arsenal has driven the development and spread of resistance to these compounds, as well as co-resistance to common antibiotics. Extensive use of these compounds throughout the COVID-19 pandemic thus raises concern for the accelerated proliferation of antimicrobial resistance and demands for next-generation antimicrobials with divergent architectures that may evade resistance. To this end, we endeavored to expand beyond canonical ammonium scaffolds and examine quaternary phosphonium compounds (QPCs). Accordingly, a synthetic and biological investigation into a library of novel QPCs unveiled biscationic QPCs to be effective antimicrobial scaffolds with improved broad-spectrum activities compared to commercial QACs. Notably, a subset of these compounds was found to be less effective against a known QAC-resistant strain of MRSA. Bioinformatic analysis revealed the unique presence of a family of small multiresistant transporter proteins, hypothesized to enable efflux-mediated resistance to QACs and QPCs. Further investigation of this resistance mechanism through efflux-pump inhibition and membrane depolarization assays illustrated the superior ability of P6P-10,10 to perturb the cell membrane and exert the observed broad-spectrum potency compared to its commercial counterparts. Collectively, this work highlights the promise of biscationic phosphonium compounds as next-generation disinfectant molecules with potent bioactivities, thereby laying the foundation for future studies into the synthesis and biological investigation of this nascent antimicrobial class.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cody E. Hogue
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, United States
| | - Amber M. Scharnow
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Lauren E. Amoo
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, United States
| | - Ashley A. Petersen
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, United States
| | - Robert G. Carden
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, United States
| | - Kevin P. C. Minbiole
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, United States
| | - William M. Wuest
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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3
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New diacetamides based on C-arylphosphorylated derivatives of 2,6-diaminopyridine and 1,3-diaminobenzene. Russ Chem Bull 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-020-3011-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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4
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Sommers KJ, Bentley BS, Carden RG, Post SJ, Allen RA, Kontos RC, Black JW, Wuest WM, Minbiole KPC. Metallocene QACs: The Incorporation of Ferrocene Moieties into monoQAC and bisQAC Structures. ChemMedChem 2020; 16:467-471. [PMID: 33197298 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the incorporation of metallocene functionalities into a variety of bioactive structures, particularly antimicrobial peptides, we endeavored to broaden the structural variety of quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) by the incorporation of the ferrocene moiety. Accordingly, 23 ferrocene-containing mono- and bisQACs were prepared in high yields and tested for activity against a variety of bacteria, including Gram-negative strains and a panel of clinically isolated MRSA strains. Ferrocene QACs were shown to be effective antiseptics with some displaying single-digit micromolar activity against all bacteria tested, demonstrating yet another step in the expansion of structural variety of antiseptic QACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Sommers
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
| | - Brian S Bentley
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
| | - Robert G Carden
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
| | - Savannah J Post
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ryan A Allen
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Renee C Kontos
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
| | - Jacob W Black
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
| | - William M Wuest
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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5
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Carden RG, Sommers KJ, Schrank CL, Leitgeb AJ, Feliciano JA, Wuest WM, Minbiole KPC. Advancements in the Development of Non-Nitrogen-Based Amphiphilic Antiseptics to Overcome Pathogenic Bacterial Resistance. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:1974-1984. [PMID: 32886856 PMCID: PMC8371456 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) as common disinfecting agents for the past century has led bacteria to develop resistance to such compounds. Given the alarming increase in resistant strains, new strategies are required to combat this rise in resistance. Recent efforts to probe and combat bacterial resistance have focused on studies of multiQACs. Relatively unexplored, however, have been changes to the primary atom bearing positive charge in these antiseptics. Here we review the current state of the field of both phosphonium and sulfonium amphiphilic antiseptics, both of which hold promise as novel means to address bacterial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Carden
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA
| | - Kyle J Sommers
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA
| | | | - Austin J Leitgeb
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA
| | - Javier A Feliciano
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA
| | - William M Wuest
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Kevin P C Minbiole
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA
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6
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Burilova EA, Pashirova TN, Zueva IV, Gibadullina EM, Lushchekina SV, Sapunova AS, Kayumova RM, Rogov AM, Evtjugin VG, Sudakov IA, Vyshtakalyuk AB, Voloshina AD, Bukharov SV, Burilov AR, Petrov KA, Zakharova LY, Sinyashin OG. Bi-functional sterically hindered phenol lipid-based delivery systems as potential multi-target agents against Alzheimer's disease via an intranasal route. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:13757-13770. [PMID: 32573587 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr04037a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
New lipid-based nanomaterials and multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs) based on sterically hindered phenol, containing a quaternary ammonium moiety (SHP-s-R, with s = 2,3) of varying hydrophobicity (R = CH2Ph and CnH2n+1, with n = 8, 10, 12, 16), have been prepared as potential drugs against Alzheimer's disease (AD). SHP-s-R are inhibitors of human cholinesterases with antioxidant properties. The inhibitory potency of SHP-s-R and selectivity ratio of cholinesterase inhibition were found to significantly depend on the length of the methylene spacer (s) and alkyl chain length. The compound SHP-2-16 showed the best IC50 for human AChE and the highest selectivity, being 30-fold more potent than for human BChE. Molecular modeling of SHP-2-16 binding to human AChE suggests that this compound is a dual binding site inhibitor that interacts with both the peripheral anionic site and catalytic active site. The relationship between self-assembly parameters (CMC, solubilization capacity, aggregation number), antioxidant activity and a toxicological parameter (hemolytic action on human red blood cells) was investigated. Two sterically hindered phenols (SHP-2-Bn and SHP-2-R) were loaded into L-α-phosphatidylcholine (PC) nanoparticles by varying the SHP alkyl chain length. For the brain AChE inhibition assay, PC/SHP-2-Bn/SHP-2-16 nanoparticles were administered to rats intranasally at a dose of 8 mg kg-1. The Morris water maze experiment showed that scopolamine-induced AD-like dementia in rats treated with PC/SHP-2-Bn/SHP-2-16 nanoparticles was significantly reduced. This is the first example of cationic SHP-phospholipid nanoparticles for inhibition of brain cholinesterases realized by the use of intranasal administration. This route has promising potential for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia A Burilova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation.
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7
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Bogdanov AV, Iskhakova KR, Voloshina AD, Sapunova AS, Kulik NV, Terekhova NV, Arsenyev MV, Ziyatdinova GK, Bukharov SV. Ammonium-Charged Sterically Hindered Phenols with Antioxidant and Selective Anti-Gram-Positive Bacterial Activity. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e2000147. [PMID: 32349191 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The increase in the resistance of pathogens, in particular Staphylococcus aureus, to the action of antibiotics necessitates the search for new readily available and non-toxic drugs. In solving this problem, phenolic acylhydrazones have high potential. In this communication, the synthesis of quaternary ammonium compounds containing a differently substituted phenolic moiety has been performed. An initial study of antimicrobial activity showed that these compounds are highly selective against S. aureus and B. cereus. The highest activity (MIC 2.0 μm) was shown by hydrazones containing a catechol fragment. These compounds are more than 3-fold more active against S. aureus and 3-10-fold more active against B. cereus than norfloxacin. Low hemolytic and high antioxidant activities of all new compounds were also established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei V Bogdanov
- A.E.Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC, Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Str., Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Kamilla R Iskhakova
- Kazan National Research Technological University, 68 K. Marx Str., Kazan, 420015, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandra D Voloshina
- A.E.Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC, Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Str., Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasia S Sapunova
- A.E.Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC, Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Str., Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia V Kulik
- A.E.Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC, Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Str., Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia V Terekhova
- A.E.Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC, Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Str., Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Maxim V Arsenyev
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, RAS, 49 Tropinin Str., Nizhny, Novgorod, 603950, Russian Federation
| | - Guzel K Ziyatdinova
- Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Str., Kazan, 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey V Bukharov
- Kazan National Research Technological University, 68 K. Marx Str., Kazan, 420015, Russian Federation
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8
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Leitgeb AJ, Feliciano JA, Sanchez HA, Allen RA, Morrison KR, Sommers KJ, Carden RG, Wuest WM, Minbiole KPC. Further Investigations into Rigidity-Activity Relationships in BisQAC Amphiphilic Antiseptics. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:667-670. [PMID: 32022457 PMCID: PMC8322965 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Thirty-six biscationic quaternary ammonium compounds were efficiently synthesized in one step to examine the effect of molecular geometry of two-carbon linkers on antimicrobial activity. The synthesized compounds showed strong antimicrobial activity against a panel of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). While the linker geometry showed only a modest correlation with antimicrobial activity, several of the synthesized bisQACs are promising potential antiseptics due to good antimicrobial activity (MIC≤2 μM) and their higher therapeutic indices compared to previously reported QACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin J. Leitgeb
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085 (USA)
| | | | - Hugo A. Sanchez
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085 (USA)
| | - Ryan A. Allen
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085 (USA)
| | | | - Kyle J. Sommers
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322 (USA)
| | - Robert G. Carden
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085 (USA)
| | - William M. Wuest
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322 (USA)
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9
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Gibadullina E, Nguyen TT, Strelnik A, Sapunova A, Voloshina A, Sudakov I, Vyshtakalyuk A, Voronina J, Pudovik M, Burilov A. New 2,6-diaminopyridines containing a sterically hindered benzylphosphonate moiety in the aromatic core as potential antioxidant and anti-cancer drugs. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 184:111735. [PMID: 31610378 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A series of 2,6-diaminopyridines was synthesized for the first time, containing phosphoryl sterically hindered phenolic fragments in the aromatic core. The antioxidant activity of these compounds was investigated, 2,6-diaminopyridine derivatives were shown to exhibit higher activity in comparison with their structural analogues. For dialkyl/diphenyl [(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) (2,6-diaminopyridin-3-yl) methyl] phosphonates, their structural analogues based on meta-phenylenediamine, phosphorus-containing sterically hindered phenols and the corresponding cyclohexadienones cytotoxicity against tumor lines of epithelioid carcinoma of the cervix uteri (M-Hela) and breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) has been studied in vitro, as well as on normal human Chang liver cell lines. Diphenyl [(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) (2,6-diaminopyridin-3-yl) methyl] phosphonate was shown to be the most active against the epithelioid line M-Hela - IC50 comprises 7.4 μM. It was shown that apoptosis induced by the lead compound proceeds along the internal pathway of caspase-9 activation. It was established that all studied compounds do not possess hemolytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmira Gibadullina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov str., 420088, Kazan, Russian Federation.
| | - Thi Thu Nguyen
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov str., 420088, Kazan, Russian Federation; Kazan National Research Technological University, 68 K. Marx str., 420015, Kazan, Russia
| | - Anna Strelnik
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov str., 420088, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasiia Sapunova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov str., 420088, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandra Voloshina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov str., 420088, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Igor Sudakov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov str., 420088, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandra Vyshtakalyuk
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov str., 420088, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Julya Voronina
- N. S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, RAS, 31 Leninsky Av., 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Michael Pudovik
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov str., 420088, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Burilov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov str., 420088, Kazan, Russian Federation
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10
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Pashirova TN, Burilova EA, Tagasheva RG, Zueva IV, Gibadullina EM, Nizameev IR, Sudakov IA, Vyshtakalyuk AB, Voloshina AD, Kadirov MK, Petrov KA, Burilov AR, Bukharov SV, Zakharova LY. Delivery nanosystems based on sterically hindered phenol derivatives containing a quaternary ammonium moiety: Synthesis, cholinesterase inhibition and antioxidant activity. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 310:108753. [PMID: 31319075 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Multitarget ligands (MTL) based on sterically hindered phenol and containing a quaternary ammonium moiety (SHP-n-Q) were synthesized. These compounds are inhibitors of cholinesterases with antioxidant properties. The inhibitory selectivity is 10-fold potent for BChE than for AChE. IC50 of SHP-n-Q for BChE is 20 μM. SHP-n-Q and their nanosystems exhibit more pronounced antioxidant properties than the synthetic antioxidant (hindered phenol, butylated hydroxytoluene). These compounds display a low hemolytic activity against human red blood cells. The nanotechnological approach was used to increase the bioavailability of SHP-n-Q derivatives. For water soluble SHP-n-Q derivative, the self-assembled structures have a size close to 100 nm at critical association concentration (0.01 M). Mixed cationic liposomes based on l-α-phosphatidylcholine and SHP-n-Q of 100 nm diameter were prepared. The stability, encapsulation efficacy and release from liposomes of a model drug, Rhodamine B, depend on the structure of SHP-n-Q. Cationic liposomes based on l-α-phosphatidylcholine and SHP-3-Q show a good stability in time (1year) and a sustained release (>65 h). They are promising templates for the development of anti-Alzheimer MT-drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- T N Pashirova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov St., 8, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation.
| | - E A Burilova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov St., 8, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
| | - R G Tagasheva
- Kazan National Research Technological University, Karl Marx str., 68, 420015, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - I V Zueva
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov St., 8, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
| | - E M Gibadullina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov St., 8, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
| | - I R Nizameev
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov St., 8, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation; Kazan National Research Technological University, Karl Marx str., 68, 420015, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - I A Sudakov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov St., 8, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
| | - A B Vyshtakalyuk
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov St., 8, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
| | - A D Voloshina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov St., 8, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
| | - M K Kadirov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov St., 8, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation; Kazan National Research Technological University, Karl Marx str., 68, 420015, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - K A Petrov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov St., 8, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
| | - A R Burilov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov St., 8, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
| | - S V Bukharov
- Kazan National Research Technological University, Karl Marx str., 68, 420015, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - L Ya Zakharova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov St., 8, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
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