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Díaz-García D, Díaz-Sánchez M, Álvarez-Conde J, Gómez-Ruiz S. Emergence of Quantum Dots as Innovative Tools for Early Diagnosis and Advanced Treatment of Breast Cancer. ChemMedChem 2024:e202400172. [PMID: 38724442 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202400172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) semiconducting nanomaterials, have garnered attention due to their distinctive properties, including small size, high luminescence, and biocompatibility. In the context of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), notorious for its resistance to conventional treatments, QDs exhibit promising potential for enhancing diagnostic imaging and providing targeted therapies. This review underscores recent advancements in the utilization of QDs in imaging techniques, such as fluorescence tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, aiming at the early and precise detection of tumors. Emphasis is placed on the significance of QD design, synthesis and functionalization processes as well as their use in innovative strategies for targeted drug delivery, capitalizing on their ability to selectively deliver therapeutic agents to cancer cells. As the research in this field advances rapidly, this review covers a classification of QDs according to their composition, the characterization techniques than can be used to determine their properties and, subsequently, emphasizes recent findings in the field of TNBC-targeting, highlighting the imperative need to address challenges, like potential toxicity or methodologies standardization. Collectively, the findings explored thus far suggest that QDs could pave the way for early diagnosis and effective therapy of TNBC, representing a significant stride toward precise and personalized strategies in treating TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Díaz-García
- COMET-NANO Group. Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, E-28933, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Díaz-Sánchez
- COMET-NANO Group. Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, E-28933, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Álvarez-Conde
- COMET-NANO Group. Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, E-28933, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Gómez-Ruiz
- COMET-NANO Group. Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, E-28933, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
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Yazdani S, Mozaffarian M, Pazuki G, Hadidi N, Villate-Beitia I, Zárate J, Puras G, Pedraz JL. Carbon-Based Nanostructures as Emerging Materials for Gene Delivery Applications. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:288. [PMID: 38399344 PMCID: PMC10891563 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Gene therapeutics are promising for treating diseases at the genetic level, with some already validated for clinical use. Recently, nanostructures have emerged for the targeted delivery of genetic material. Nanomaterials, exhibiting advantageous properties such as a high surface-to-volume ratio, biocompatibility, facile functionalization, substantial loading capacity, and tunable physicochemical characteristics, are recognized as non-viral vectors in gene therapy applications. Despite progress, current non-viral vectors exhibit notably low gene delivery efficiency. Progress in nanotechnology is essential to overcome extracellular and intracellular barriers in gene delivery. Specific nanostructures such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon quantum dots (CQDs), nanodiamonds (NDs), and similar carbon-based structures can accommodate diverse genetic materials such as plasmid DNA (pDNA), messenger RNA (mRNA), small interference RNA (siRNA), micro RNA (miRNA), and antisense oligonucleotides (AONs). To address challenges such as high toxicity and low transfection efficiency, advancements in the features of carbon-based nanostructures (CBNs) are imperative. This overview delves into three types of CBNs employed as vectors in drug/gene delivery systems, encompassing their synthesis methods, properties, and biomedical applications. Ultimately, we present insights into the opportunities and challenges within the captivating realm of gene delivery using CBNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Yazdani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran P.O. Box 15875-4413, Iran; (S.Y.); (G.P.)
- NanoBioCel Research Group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (I.V.-B.); (J.Z.); (G.P.)
| | - Mehrdad Mozaffarian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran P.O. Box 15875-4413, Iran; (S.Y.); (G.P.)
| | - Gholamreza Pazuki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran P.O. Box 15875-4413, Iran; (S.Y.); (G.P.)
| | - Naghmeh Hadidi
- Department of Clinical Research and EM Microscope, Pasteur Institute of Iran (PII), Tehran P.O. Box 131694-3551, Iran;
| | - Ilia Villate-Beitia
- NanoBioCel Research Group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (I.V.-B.); (J.Z.); (G.P.)
- Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Av Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Calle José Achotegui s/n, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Jon Zárate
- NanoBioCel Research Group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (I.V.-B.); (J.Z.); (G.P.)
- Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Av Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Calle José Achotegui s/n, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Gustavo Puras
- NanoBioCel Research Group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (I.V.-B.); (J.Z.); (G.P.)
- Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Av Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Calle José Achotegui s/n, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Pedraz
- NanoBioCel Research Group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (I.V.-B.); (J.Z.); (G.P.)
- Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Av Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Calle José Achotegui s/n, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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Naik K, Chaudhary S, Ye L, Parmar AS. A Strategic Review on Carbon Quantum Dots for Cancer-Diagnostics and Treatment. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:882100. [PMID: 35662840 PMCID: PMC9158127 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.882100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The understanding of the genesis of life-threatening cancer and its invasion calls for urgent development of novel technologies for real-time observations, early diagnosis, and treatment. Quantum dots (QDs) grabbed the spotlight in oncology owing to their excellent photostability, bright fluorescence, high biocompatibility, good electrical and chemical stability with minimum invasiveness. Recently, carbon QDs (CQDs) have become popular over toxic inorganic QDs in the area of bioimaging, biosensing, and drug delivery. Further, CQDs derived from natural sources like biomolecules and medicinal plants have drawn attention because of their one-pot, low-cost and ease of synthesis, along with remarkable tunable optical properties and biocompatibility. This review introduces the synthesis and properties of CQDs derived from natural sources, focusing on the applicability of CQD-based technologies as nano-theranostics for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Furthermore, the current issues and future directions for the transformation of CQDs-based nanotechnologies to clinical applications are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaustubh Naik
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Shilpi Chaudhary
- Department of Applied Sciences, Punjab Engineering College (Deemed to Be University), Chandigarh, India
- *Correspondence: Shilpi Chaudhary, ; Avanish Singh Parmar,
| | - Lei Ye
- Division of Pure & Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Avanish Singh Parmar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
- Center for Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
- *Correspondence: Shilpi Chaudhary, ; Avanish Singh Parmar,
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Pramanik A, Patibandla S, Gao Y, Corby LR, Rhaman MM, Sinha SS, Ray PC. Bio-Conjugated Magnetic-Fluorescence Nanoarchitectures for the Capture and Identification of Lung-Tumor-Derived Programmed Cell Death Lighand 1-Positive Exosomes. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:16035-16042. [PMID: 35571808 PMCID: PMC9096927 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As per the American Cancer Society, lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Since the accumulation of exosomal programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is associated with therapeutic resistance in programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and PD-L1 immunotherapy, tracking PD-L1-positive (PD-L1 (+)) exosomes is very important for predicting anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 therapy for lung cancer. Herein, we report the design of an anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody-conjugated magnetic-nanoparticle-attached yellow fluorescent carbon dot (YFCD) based magnetic-fluorescence nanoarchitecture for the selective separation and accurate identification of PD-L1-expressing exosomes. In this work, photostable YFCDs with a good photoluminescence quantum yield (23%) were synthesized by hydrothermal treatment. In addition, nanoarchitectures with superparamagnetic (28.6 emu/g), biocompatible, and selective bioimaging capabilities were developed by chemically conjugating the anti-PD-L1 antibody and YFCDs with iron oxide nanoparticles. Importantly, using human non-small-cell lung cancer H460 cells lines, which express a high amount of PD-L1 (+) exosomes, A549 lung cancer cells lines, which express a low amount of PD-L1 (+) exosomes, and the normal skin HaCaT cell line, which does not express any PD-L1 (+) exosomes, we demonstrate that nanoarchitectures are capable of effectively separating and tracking PD-L1-positive exosomes simultaneously. Furthermore, as a proof-of-concept of clinical setting applications, a whole blood sample infected with PD-L1 (+) exosomes was analyzed, and our finding shows that this nanoarchitecture holds great promise for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Pramanik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
| | - Shamily Patibandla
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
| | - Ye Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
| | - Lauren R. Corby
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
| | - Md Mhahabubur Rhaman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
| | - Sudarson Sekhar Sinha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
| | - Paresh Chandra Ray
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
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Naik GG, Shah J, Balasubramaniam AK, Sahu AN. Applications of natural product-derived carbon dots in cancer biology. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:587-608. [PMID: 33660530 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products have contributed conspicuously to the development of innovative nanomedicines. Hence, the interface between nanomaterial science and plant natural products may bestow comprehensive diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for tackling diseases such as cancer and neurological disorders. Natural product-derived carbon dots (NPdCDs) have revealed noteworthy attributes in the fields of cancer theranostics, microbial imaging, drug sensing and drug delivery. As plants consist of a cocktail of bioactive phytomolecules, the NPdCDs can be anticipated to have medicinal properties, biocompatibility, photo-stability and easy functionalization. NPdCDs have wide-ranging applications. The primary objective of this review is to comment on recent developments in the use of NPdCDs, with special reference to their application in cancer biology. The future of the use of NPdCDs has also been considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Gopal Naik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Jainam Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | | | - Alakh N Sahu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
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