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Ibrahim AE, El Gohary NA, Aboushady D, Samir L, Karim SEA, Herz M, Salman BI, Al-Harrasi A, Hanafi R, El Deeb S. Recent advances in chiral selectors immobilization and chiral mobile phase additives in liquid chromatographic enantio-separations: A review. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1706:464214. [PMID: 37506464 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
For decades now, the separation of chiral enantiomers of drugs has been gaining the interest and attention of researchers. In 1991, the first guidelines for development of chiral drugs were firstly released by the US-FDA. Since then, the development in chromatographic enantioseparation tools has been fast and variable, aiming at creating a suitable environment where the physically and chemically identical enantiomers can be separated. Among those tools, the immobilization of chiral selectors (CS) on different stationary phases and the chiral mobile phase additives (CMPA) which have been progressed and studied extensively. This review article highlights the major advances in immobilization of CS together with their different recognition mechanisms as well as CMPA as a cheaper and successful alternative for chiral stationary phases. Moreover, the role of molecular modeling tool as a pre-step in the choice of CS for evaluating possible interactions with different ligands has been pointed up. Illustrations of reported methods and updates for immobilized CS and CMPA have been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Ehab Ibrahim
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port-Said University, Port-Said 42511, Egypt; Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Nesrine Abdelrehim El Gohary
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Dina Aboushady
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Liza Samir
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Shereen Ekram Abdel Karim
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Magy Herz
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Baher I Salman
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Rasha Hanafi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Sami El Deeb
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig 38092, Germany; Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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2
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Peluso P, Chankvetadze B. Recognition in the Domain of Molecular Chirality: From Noncovalent Interactions to Separation of Enantiomers. Chem Rev 2022; 122:13235-13400. [PMID: 35917234 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
It is not a coincidence that both chirality and noncovalent interactions are ubiquitous in nature and synthetic molecular systems. Noncovalent interactivity between chiral molecules underlies enantioselective recognition as a fundamental phenomenon regulating life and human activities. Thus, noncovalent interactions represent the narrative thread of a fascinating story which goes across several disciplines of medical, chemical, physical, biological, and other natural sciences. This review has been conceived with the awareness that a modern attitude toward molecular chirality and its consequences needs to be founded on multidisciplinary approaches to disclose the molecular basis of essential enantioselective phenomena in the domain of chemical, physical, and life sciences. With the primary aim of discussing this topic in an integrated way, a comprehensive pool of rational and systematic multidisciplinary information is provided, which concerns the fundamentals of chirality, a description of noncovalent interactions, and their implications in enantioselective processes occurring in different contexts. A specific focus is devoted to enantioselection in chromatography and electromigration techniques because of their unique feature as "multistep" processes. A second motivation for writing this review is to make a clear statement about the state of the art, the tools we have at our disposal, and what is still missing to fully understand the mechanisms underlying enantioselective recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Peluso
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare ICB, CNR, Sede secondaria di Sassari, Traversa La Crucca 3, Regione Baldinca, Li Punti, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Bezhan Chankvetadze
- Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Tbilisi State University, Chavchavadze Avenue 3, 0179 Tbilisi, Georgia
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3
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De Gauquier P, Vanommeslaeghe K, Heyden YV, Mangelings D. Modelling approaches for chiral chromatography on polysaccharide-based and macrocyclic antibiotic chiral selectors: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1198:338861. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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4
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Wang Y, Wang X, Sun Q, Li R, Ji Y. Facile separation of enantiomers via covalent organic framework bonded stationary phase. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:367. [PMID: 34617147 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04925-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), a type of crystalline polymers, have attracted increasing interest because of their controllability of geometry and functionality. Featuring infinitely extended networks and tremendous interaction sites, COFs emerge as a potential platform for separation science. Here, a novel chiral COF (β-CD COFBPDA) constructed by the imine condensation of 4,4'-biphenyldicarboxaldehyde and heptakis(6-amino-6-deoxy)-β-cyclodextrin was introduced into an electrochromatographic system via a photopolymerization method and applied to the separation of enantiomers. The structure and properties of as-synthesized β-CD COFBPDA were investigated by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) patterns, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and N2adsorption-desorption isotherms. It was proved that β-CD COFBPDA was provided with larger pore size and BET surface area. The β-CD COFBPDA coating endowed the chiral stationary phase with superior three-dimensional orientation, and realized satisfactory separation with improved selectivity and column efficiency for a dozen racemic drugs. Under the optimized conditions, homatropine, ondansetron, metoprolol, terbutaline, tulobuterol, and promethazine were all baseline separated with resolution values of 2.24, 2.03, 1.65, 1.62, 1.60, and 1.58, respectively. The results indicate the high perspective of COF modified stationary in enantioseparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Wang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 TongJiaXiang, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xuehua Wang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 TongJiaXiang, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qiuyue Sun
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 TongJiaXiang, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ruijun Li
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 TongJiaXiang, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yibing Ji
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 TongJiaXiang, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China. .,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Raikar P, Gurupadayya B, Mandal SP, Reddy M, Prabhakar P. Chiral Separation of Oxomemazine Enantiomers by HPLC Technique and Enantiomeric Separation Mechanism via Docking Studies. CURR PHARM ANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412916666191116114546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
A normal phase- High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (HPLC) method
was developed for the enantioseparation of Oxomemazine.
Methods:
Separation of enantiomers was attained on Amylose Tris (5-chloro-2-methylphenylcarbamate)
using n-hexane: Iso-propyl Alcohol (IPA): Diethylamine (DEA) (60: 40: 0.1) as the
mobile phase and the peaks were observed at 227nm using PDA detector. The run time of the analysis
was set to 30 min.
Results:
Linearity was found in the range 10-50 μgmL-1. The enantiomers were separated at retention
times 16.87 min and 21.37 min.
Conclusion:
The developed method was validated as per the ICH guidelines, thus proving the method
to be selective, precise and showing linear response of Oxomemazine peak areas. Additionally, the
method of chiral separation was being understood by docking simulation study. The method was appropriate
for analysis of Oxomemazine in the pure form and its formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Raikar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, Mysuru Karnataka 570015, India
| | - Bannimath Gurupadayya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, Mysuru Karnataka 570015, India
| | - Subhankar P. Mandal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, Mysuru Karnataka 570015, India
| | - Maruthi Reddy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, Mysuru Karnataka 570015, India
| | - Prabitha Prabhakar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, Mysuru Karnataka 570015, India
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Supercritical fluid chromatography versus liquid chromatography for the enantiomeric separation of itraconazole. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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7
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Cai L, Xue M, Lun J, Li S, Yu J, Guo X. Enantioseparation and molecular modeling study of eight psychoactive drugs on a coated polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phase. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:2092-2101. [PMID: 32885849 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The enantioseparation of eight psychoactive drugs has been firstly performed on a coated cellulose-based chiral stationary phase (Chiralcel OJ-H). To obtain optimum separation conditions, the influences of alcohol modifiers and basic/acidic additives have been studied. As a result, except for the partial separation of oxybutynin enantiomers, the other seven drug enantiomers including mirtazapine, sulpiride, promethazine, citalopram, oxazepam, donepezil, and cyamemazine have been completely separated. Additionally, for gaining a better insight into the chiral recognition mechanisms, molecular docking was carried out using the Autodock software. Herein, binding energy and conformations of the chiral stationary phase complexes were provided, and it was found that the distinction in enantiomeric conformation determined the number and strength of intermolecular interactions between analytes and chiral stationary phase which resulted in the difference in binding energies of two enantiomers, and ultimately led to the different migration. These modeling results were in accordance with the observed enantioseparation results in high performance liquid chromatography experiments. At last, chiral separation mechanisms have been discussed in detail, and it has been confirmed that hydrogen bond, π-π, hydrophobic interactions, and some special interactions synergistically contributed to the enantioseparation of psychoactive drugs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangzhao Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Mengyao Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Jia Lun
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Jia Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Xingjie Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
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8
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Noncovalent interactions in high-performance liquid chromatography enantioseparations on polysaccharide-based chiral selectors. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1623:461202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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9
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Raikar P, Gurupadayya B, Mandal SP, Narhari R, Subramanyam S, Srinivasu G, Rajan S, Saikumar M, Koganti S. Bioanalytical chiral chromatographic technique and docking studies for enantioselective separation of meclizine hydrochloride: Application to pharmacokinetic study in rabbits. Chirality 2020; 32:1091-1106. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.23241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Raikar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of PharmacyJSS Academy of Higher Education and Research Mysuru India
| | - Bannimath Gurupadayya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of PharmacyJSS Academy of Higher Education and Research Mysuru India
| | - Subhankar P. Mandal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of PharmacyJSS Academy of Higher Education and Research Mysuru India
| | - Rishitha Narhari
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of PharmacyJSS Academy of Higher Education and Research Mysuru India
| | | | | | - Surulivel Rajan
- Department of Pharmacy PracticeManipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Manipal India
| | - Matcha Saikumar
- Department of Pharmacy PracticeManipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Manipal India
| | - Sairam Koganti
- Speciality Analytical Instrumentation LaboratoryAlphamed Formulation Pvt. Limited Hyderabad India
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10
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Zhao Y, Wang J, Liu Y, Jiang Z, Song Y, Guo X. Enantioseparation using carboxymethyl-6-(4-methoxybenzylamino)-β-cyclodextrin as a chiral selector by capillary electrophoresis and molecular modeling study of the recognition mechanism. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj04771a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, carboxymethyl-6-(4-methoxybenzylamino)-β-cyclodextrin (CMCDPN) was synthesized for the first time and managed to be used as a chiral selector to enantioseparate 13 kinds of chiral drugs by capillary electrophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang
- P. R. China
| | - Jinlong Wang
- School of Life Science and Bio-Pharmaceutics
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang
- P. R. China
| | - Yanru Liu
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang
- P. R. China
| | - Zhen Jiang
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang
- P. R. China
| | - Yongbo Song
- School of Life Science and Bio-Pharmaceutics
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang
- P. R. China
| | - Xingjie Guo
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang
- P. R. China
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11
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Scriba GK. Chiral recognition in separation sciences. Part I: Polysaccharide and cyclodextrin selectors. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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12
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Yu RB, Quirino JP. Chiral liquid chromatography and capillary electrochromatography: Trends from 2017 to 2018. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Peluso P, Dessì A, Dallocchio R, Mamane V, Cossu S. Recent studies of docking and molecular dynamics simulation for liquid-phase enantioseparations. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:1881-1896. [PMID: 30710444 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Liquid-phase enantioseparations have been fruitfully applied in several fields of science. Various applications along with technical and theoretical advancements contributed to increase significantly the knowledge in this area. Nowadays, chromatographic techniques, in particular HPLC on chiral stationary phase, are considered as mature technologies. In the last thirty years, CE has been also recognized as one of the most versatile technique for analytical scale separation of enantiomers. Despite the huge number of papers published in these fields, understanding mechanistic details of the stereoselective interaction between selector and selectand is still an open issue, in particular for high-molecular weight chiral selectors like polysaccharide derivatives. With the ever growing improvement of computer facilities, hardware and software, computational techniques have become a basic tool in enantioseparation science. In this field, molecular docking and dynamics simulations proved to be extremely adaptable to model and visualize at molecular level the spatial proximity of interacting molecules in order to predict retention, selectivity, enantiomer elution order, and profile noncovalent interaction patterns underlying the recognition process. On this basis, topics and trends in using docking and molecular dynamics as theoretical complement of experimental LC and CE chiral separations are described herein. The basic concepts of these computational strategies and seminal studies performed over time are presented, with a specific focus on literature published between 2015 and November 2018. A systematic compilation of all published literature has not been attempted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Peluso
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare ICB CNR - Sede Secondaria di Sassari, Sassari, Sardegna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Dessì
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare ICB CNR - Sede Secondaria di Sassari, Sassari, Sardegna, Italy
| | - Roberto Dallocchio
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare ICB CNR - Sede Secondaria di Sassari, Sassari, Sardegna, Italy
| | - Victor Mamane
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, Alsace, France
| | - Sergio Cossu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi DSMN, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, Mestre Venezia, Veneto, Italy
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