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Chen Y. Advances in Organic Fluorescent Probes for Intracellular Zn 2+ Detection and Bioimaging. Molecules 2024; 29:2542. [PMID: 38893419 PMCID: PMC11173588 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Zinc ions (Zn2+) play a key role in maintaining and regulating protein structures and functions. To better understand the intracellular Zn2+ homeostasis and signaling role, various fluorescent sensors have been developed that allow the monitoring of Zn2+ concentrations and bioimaging in live cells in real time. This review highlights the recent development of organic fluorescent probes for the detection and imaging of intracellular Zn2+, including the design and construction of the probes, fluorescent response mechanisms, and their applications to intracellular Zn2+ detection and imaging on-site. Finally, the current challenges and prospects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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2
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Multi-component self-assembled heteroleptic Cu(I) complex with defective coordination site as a fluorescent probe to detect Zn2+. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Schwehr BJ, Hartnell D, Massi M, Hackett MJ. Luminescent Metal Complexes as Emerging Tools for Lipid Imaging. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2022; 380:46. [PMID: 35976575 PMCID: PMC9385838 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00400-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence microscopy is a key tool in the biological sciences, which finds use as a routine laboratory technique (e.g., epifluorescence microscope) or more advanced confocal, two-photon, and super-resolution applications. Through continued developments in microscopy, and other analytical methods, the importance of lipids as constituents of subcellular organelles, signalling or regulating molecules continues to emerge. The increasing recognition of the importance of lipids to fundamental cell biology (in health and disease) has prompted the development of protocols and techniques to image the distribution of lipids in cells and tissues. A diverse suite of spectroscopic and microscopy tools are continuously being developed and explored to add to the "toolbox" to study lipid biology. A relatively recent breakthrough in this field has been the development and subsequent application of metal-based luminescent complexes for imaging lipids in biological systems. These metal-based compounds appear to offer advantages with respect to their tunability of the photophysical properties, in addition to capabilities centred around selectively targeting specific lipid structures or classes of lipids. The presence of the metal centre also opens the path to alternative imaging modalities that might not be applicable to traditional organic fluorophores. This review examines the current progress and developments in metal-based luminescent complexes to study lipids, in addition to exploring potential new avenues and challenges for the field to take.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley J Schwehr
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - David Hartnell
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia.,Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - Massimiliano Massi
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia.
| | - Mark J Hackett
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia. .,Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia.
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Xiang D, Zhang S, Wang Y, Sun K, Xu H. A novel naphthalimide-based “turn-on” fluorescent chemosensor for highly selective detection of Zn2+. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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5
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Hussain A, Mariappan K, Cork DC, Lewandowski LD, Shrestha PK, Giri S, Wang X, Sykes AG. A highly selective pyridoxal-based chemosensor for the detection of Zn( ii) and application in live-cell imaging; X-ray crystallography of pyridoxal-TRIS Schiff-base Zn( ii) and Cu( ii) complexes. RSC Adv 2021; 11:34181-34192. [PMID: 35497295 PMCID: PMC9042327 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05763d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In a simple, one-step reaction, we have synthesized a pyridoxal-based chemosensor by reacting tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (TRIS) together with pyridoxal hydrochloride to yield a Schiff-base ligand that is highly selective for the detection of Zn(ii) ion. Both the ligand and the Zn(ii) complex have been characterized by 1H & 13C NMR, ESI-MS, CHN analyses, and X-ray crystallography. The optical properties of the synthesized ligand were investigated in an aqueous buffer solution and found to be highly selective and sensitive toward Zn(ii) ion through a fluorescence turn-on response. The competition studies reveal the response for zinc ion is unaffected by all alkali and alkaline earth metals; and suppressed by Cu(ii) ion. The ligand itself shows a weak fluorescence intensity (quantum yield, Φ = 0.04), and the addition of zinc ion enhanced the fluorescence intensity 12-fold (quantum yield, Φ = 0.48). The detection limit for zinc ion was 2.77 × 10−8 M, which is significantly lower than the WHO's guideline (76.5 μM). Addition of EDTA to a solution containing the ligand–Zn(ii) complex quenched the fluorescence, indicating the reversibility of Zn(ii) binding. Stoichiometric studies indicated the formation of a 2 : 1 L2Zn complex with a binding constant of 1.2 × 109 M−2 (±25%). The crystal structure of the zinc complex shows the same hydrated L2Zn complex, with Zn(ii) ion binding with an octahedral coordination geometry. We also synthesized the copper(ii) complex of the ligand, and the crystal structure showed the formation of a 1 : 1 adduct, revealing 1-dimensional polymeric networks with octahedral coordinated Cu(ii). The ligand was employed as a sensor to detect zinc ion in HEK293 cell lines derived from human embryonic kidney cells grown in tissue culture which showed strong luminescence in the presence of Zn(ii). We believe that the outstanding turn-on response, sensitivity, selectivity, lower detection limit, and reversibility toward zinc ion will find further application in chemical and biological science. The synthesis, characterization, X-ray crystallography, and live-cell imaging of pyridoxal-TRIS Schiff-base ligand which is selective as a luminescence sensor to detect Zn(ii) ion, and the corresponding Zn(ii) and Cu(ii) complexes are described.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Hussain
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Kadarkaraisamy Mariappan
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Dawson C. Cork
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Luke D. Lewandowski
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Prem K. Shrestha
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Samiksha Giri
- Basic Biomedical Science, University of South Dakota, School of Medicine, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Xuejun Wang
- Basic Biomedical Science, University of South Dakota, School of Medicine, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Andrew G. Sykes
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
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Udhayakumari D, Inbaraj V. A Review on Schiff Base Fluorescent Chemosensors for Cell Imaging Applications. J Fluoresc 2020; 30:1203-1223. [PMID: 32737660 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-020-02570-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent determinations of analytes have proven to be a powerful method due to their simplicity, low cost, detection limit, rapid photoluminescence response, and applicability to bioimaging. Fluorescence imaging as a powerful tool for monitoring biomolecules within the living systems. Schiff base has been extensively used as strongly absorbing and colorful chromophores in the design of chemosensors. In recent years, Schiff base based fluorescent probes have been developed for the detection of various toxic analytes and imaging of various analytes in biological systems. This review gives an overview of the important fluorescent sensors which are based on Schiff base, their approaches for molecular recognition, and their potential application in bioimaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - V Inbaraj
- Department of Chemistry, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai, 602105, India
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Pashazadeh‐Panahi P, Hasanzadeh M, Eivazzadeh‐Keihan R. A novel optical probe based on
d
‐penicillamine‐functionalized graphene quantum dots: Preparation and application as signal amplification element to minoring of ions in human biofluid. J Mol Recognit 2020; 33:e2828. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Hasanzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research CenterTabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Reza Eivazzadeh‐Keihan
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of ChemistryIran University of Science and Technology Tehran Iran
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Nguyen MH, Nguyen TN, Do DQ, Nguyen HH, Phung QM, Thirumalaivasan N, Wu SP, Dinh TH. A highly selective fluorescent anthracene-based chemosensor for imaging Zn2+ in living cells and zebrafish. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2020.107882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Xu Y, Zhao S, Zhang Y, Wang H, Yang X, Pei M, Zhang G. A selective “turn-on” sensor for recognizing In3+ and Zn2+ in respective systems based on imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2020; 19:289-298. [DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00408d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-based compound (X) was designed and synthesized as an “off–on–off” sensor for the multiple recognition of In3+ and Zn2+ in different systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuankang Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan 250022
- China
| | - Songfang Zhao
- Henan Sanmenxia Aoke Chemical Industry Co. Ltd
- Sanmenxia 472000
- China
| | - Yanxia Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan 250022
- China
| | - Hanyu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan 250022
- China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan 250022
- China
| | - Meishan Pei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan 250022
- China
| | - Guangyou Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan 250022
- China
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A dual-emission fluorescent probe for discriminating cysteine from homocysteine and glutathione in living cells and zebrafish models. Bioorg Chem 2019; 92:103215. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Xu Y, Wang H, Zhao J, Yang X, Pei M, Zhang G, Zhang Y, Lin L. A simple fluorescent schiff base for sequential detection of Zn2+ and PPi based on imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.112026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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12
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Wang P, Wu X, Wu J, Liao Y. Highly selective and sensitive peptide-based fluorescent chemosensor for detection of Zinc(II) ions in aqueous medium and living cells. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.111929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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13
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Xu Y, Wang H, Zhao J, Yang X, Pei M, Zhang G, Zhang Y. A dual functional fluorescent sensor for the detection of Al3+ and Zn2+ in different solvents. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj03298c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new fluorescent sensor, X, was designed and synthesized based on imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole and 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde, which could be used to detect Al3+ in methanol buffer solution and detect Zn2+ in ethanol buffer solution, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuankang Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan 250022
- China
| | - Hanyu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan 250022
- China
| | | | - Xiaofeng Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan 250022
- China
| | - Meishan Pei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan 250022
- China
| | - Guangyou Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan 250022
- China
| | - Yanxia Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan 250022
- China
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Lu Z, Lu Y, Fan C, Sun X, Zhang M, Lu Y. A two-separated-emission fluorescent probe for simultaneous discrimination of Cys/Hcy and GSH upon excitation of two different wavelengths. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:8221-8227. [PMID: 32254942 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb02880j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It is challenging to simultaneously discriminate two or three biothiols from each other due to their structural similarities as well as reactions sites. The development of multiple-signal fluorescent probes would be a promising way to overcome this issue. Herein, a two-separated-emission fluorescent probe for biothiols was developed based on the combination of nitrobenzofurazan (NBD) and phenanthroimidazole fluorophores linked by a facile ether bond. In the presence of Cys and Hcy, the probe in DMF-H2O demonstrates two separate fluorescence emissions at 480 and 550 nm upon excitation of two independent wavelengths. However, addition of GSH to the probe only leads to blue fluorescence at 480 nm. This difference can be reasonably ascribed to the fact that the NBD-GSH intermediate, unlike NBD-Cys/Hcy, cannot undergo an intramolecular cyclization-rearrangement reaction. The probe exhibits a rapid response with low limits of detection (14.7 nM for Cys, 14.4 nM for Hcy, and 13.4 nM for GSH) with large concentration ranges of 0-100 μM for Cys/Hcy and 0-200 μM for GSH. Furthermore, the probe is successfully applied to simultaneously distinguish endogenous Cys, Hcy, and GSH in living HeLa cells and zebrafish models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengliang Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
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