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Wang X, Liang H, Liu B, Meng Y, Ni J, Sun W, Luan Y, Tan Z, Song XZ. Simultaneously Engineering Oxygen Defects and Heterojunction into Ho-Doped ZnO Nanoflowers for Enhancing n-Propanol Gas Detection. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:12538-12547. [PMID: 38917470 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer poses a serious threat to people's lives and health due to its high incidence rate and high mortality rate, making it necessary to effectively conduct early screening. As an important biomarker for lung cancer, the detection of n-propanol gas suffers from a low response value and a high detection limit. In this paper, flower-like Ho-doped ZnO was fabricated by the coprecipitation method for n-propanol detection at subppm concentrations. The gas sensor based on the 3% Ho-doped ZnO showed selectivity to n-propanol gas. Its response value to 100 ppm n-propanol was 341 at 140 °C, and its limit of detection (LOD) was about 25.6 ppb, which is lower than that of n-propanol in the breath of a healthy person (150 ppb). The calculation results show that the adsorption of n-propanol on a Ho-doped ZnO surface releases more energy than isopropanol, ethanol, formaldehyde, acetone, and ammonia. The enhanced gas-sensing properties of the Ho-doped ZnO material can be attributed to the fact that the Ho-doping distorts the crystal lattice of the ZnO, increases the specific surface area, and generates a large amount of oxygen defects. In addition, the doped Ho partially forms a Ho2O3/ZnO heterojunction in the material and improves the gas-sensing properties. The 3% Ho-doped ZnO material is expected to be a promising candidate for the trace detection of n-propanol gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Wang
- School of General Education, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Dagong Road, Liaodongwan New District, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Hongjian Liang
- School of General Education, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Dagong Road, Liaodongwan New District, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Bianzhuo Liu
- School of General Education, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Dagong Road, Liaodongwan New District, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Yulan Meng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Ocean and Life Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Dagong Road, Liaodongwan New District, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Jingchang Ni
- School of Chemical Engineering, Ocean and Life Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Dagong Road, Liaodongwan New District, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Wenqiang Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering, Ocean and Life Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Dagong Road, Liaodongwan New District, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Yuxin Luan
- Leicester International Institute, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Dagong Road, Liaodongwan New District, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Zhenquan Tan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Ocean and Life Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Dagong Road, Liaodongwan New District, Panjin 124221, China
- Leicester International Institute, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Dagong Road, Liaodongwan New District, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Xue-Zhi Song
- School of Chemical Engineering, Ocean and Life Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Dagong Road, Liaodongwan New District, Panjin 124221, China
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2
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Zhang R, Qin C, Bala H, Wang Y, Cao J. Recent Progress in Spinel Ferrite (MFe 2O 4) Chemiresistive Based Gas Sensors. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2188. [PMID: 37570506 PMCID: PMC10421214 DOI: 10.3390/nano13152188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Gas-sensing technology has gained significant attention in recent years due to the increasing concern for environmental safety and human health caused by reactive gases. In particular, spinel ferrite (MFe2O4), a metal oxide semiconductor with a spinel structure, has emerged as a promising material for gas-sensing applications. This review article aims to provide an overview of the latest developments in spinel-ferrite-based gas sensors. It begins by discussing the gas-sensing mechanism of spinel ferrite sensors, which involves the interaction between the target gas molecules and the surface of the sensor material. The unique properties of spinel ferrite, such as its high surface area, tunable bandgap, and excellent stability, contribute to its gas-sensing capabilities. The article then delves into recent advancements in gas sensors based on spinel ferrite, focusing on various aspects such as microstructures, element doping, and heterostructure materials. The microstructure of spinel ferrite can be tailored to enhance the gas-sensing performance by controlling factors such as the grain size, porosity, and surface area. Element doping, such as incorporating transition metal ions, can further enhance the gas-sensing properties by modifying the electronic structure and surface chemistry of the sensor material. Additionally, the integration of spinel ferrite with other semiconductors in heterostructure configurations has shown potential for improving the selectivity and overall sensing performance. Furthermore, the article suggests that the combination of spinel ferrite and semiconductors can enhance the selectivity, stability, and sensing performance of gas sensors at room or low temperatures. This is particularly important for practical applications where real-time and accurate gas detection is crucial. In conclusion, this review highlights the potential of spinel-ferrite-based gas sensors and provides insights into the latest advancements in this field. The combination of spinel ferrite with other materials and the optimization of sensor parameters offer opportunities for the development of highly efficient and reliable gas-sensing devices for early detection and warning systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China; (R.Z.); (H.B.)
| | - Cong Qin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China;
| | - Hari Bala
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China; (R.Z.); (H.B.)
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
- State Collaborative Innovation Center of Coal Work Safety and Clean-Efficiency Utilization, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
| | - Jianliang Cao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China;
- State Collaborative Innovation Center of Coal Work Safety and Clean-Efficiency Utilization, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
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Marimuthu G, Bharathi G, Palanisamy G, Albaqami MD, Karami AM, Mani G, Pazhanivel T. Pyramid-shaped MMn2O4/rGO (M = Ni, Co) nanocomposites and their application in ammonia sensors. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-022-02560-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Arif D, Hussain Z, Abbasi AD, Sohail M. Ag Functionalized In2O3 Derived From MIL-68(In) as an Efficient Electrochemical Glucose Sensor. Front Chem 2022; 10:906031. [PMID: 35615318 PMCID: PMC9124854 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.906031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, Ag@In2O3 modified nickel foam (NF) was reported for its role as a non-enzymatic glucose sensor. Ag@In2O3 was prepared by a simple two-step method; preparation of a metal-organic framework (MOF) MIL-68(In) by solvothermal method, entrapment of Ag + by adding AgNO3 then drying it for 2 h to complete the entrapment process and subsequent calcination at 650°C for 3 h. The Ag@In2O3 modified NF was employed as a non-enzymatic glucose sensor to determine glucose concentrations in an alkaline medium. Two linear ranges were obtained from Ag@In2O3 modified electrode, i.e., 10 μM to 0.8 mM and 0.8–2.16 mM with a sensitivity of 3.31 mA mM−1 cm−2 and 1.51 mA mM−1 cm−2 respectively, with a detection limit of 0.49 µM. Ag@In2O3 modified NF exhibited high selectivity for glucose, among other interfering agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dooa Arif
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zakir Hussain
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Zakir Hussain,
| | - Amna Didar Abbasi
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Manzar Sohail
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences (SNS), National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
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Enhanced Propanol Response Behavior of ZnFe2O4 NP-Based Active Sensing Layer Induced by Film Thickness Optimization. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9101791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of gas sensors displaying improved sensing characteristics including sensitivity, selectivity, and stability is now possible owing to tunable surface chemistry of the sensitive layers as well as favorable transport properties. Herein, zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) nanoparticles (NPs) were produced using a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method. ZnFe2O4 NP sensing layer films with different thicknesses deposited on interdigitated alumina substrates were fabricated at volumes of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 µL using a simple and inexpensive drop-casting technique. Successful deposition of ZnFe2O4 NP-based active sensing layer films onto alumina substrates was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscope analysis. Top view and cross-section observations from the scanning electron microscope revealed inter-agglomerate pores within the sensing layers. The ZnFe2O4 NP sensing layer produced at a volume of 2 μL exhibited a high response of 33 towards 40 ppm of propanol, as well as rapid response and recovery times of 11 and 59 s, respectively, at an operating temperature of 120 °C. Furthermore, all sensors demonstrated a good response towards propanol and the highest response against ethanol, methanol, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and methane. The results indicate that the developed fabrication strategy is an inexpensive way to enhance sensing response without sacrificing other sensing characteristics. The produced ZnFe2O4 NP-based active sensing layers can be used for the detection of volatile organic compounds in alcoholic beverages for quality check in the food sector.
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Wang X, Li X, Zhang G, Wang Z, Song XZ, Tan Z. Surface Structure Engineering of Nanosheet-Assembled NiFe 2O 4 Fluffy Flowers for Gas Sensing. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11020297. [PMID: 33498856 PMCID: PMC7911288 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we present a strategy to improve the gas-sensing performance of NiFe2O4 via a controllable annealing Ni/Fe precursor to fluffy NiFe2O4 nanosheet flowers. X-ray diffraction (XRD), a scanning electron microscope (SEM), nitrogen adsorption–desorption measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the crystal structure, morphology, specific surface area and surface structure. The gas-sensing performance was tested and the results demonstrate that the response was strongly influenced by the specific surface area and surface structure. The resultant NiFe2O4 nanosheet flowers with a heating rate of 8 °C min−1, which have a fluffier morphology and more oxygen vacancies in the surface, exhibited enhanced response and shortened response time toward ethanol. The easy approach facilitates the mass production of gas sensors based on bimetallic ferrites with high sensing performance via controlling the morphology and surface structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser Ion and Electron Beams, Dalian University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China; (X.W.); (X.L.); (G.Z.)
| | - Xu Li
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser Ion and Electron Beams, Dalian University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China; (X.W.); (X.L.); (G.Z.)
| | - Guozheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser Ion and Electron Beams, Dalian University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China; (X.W.); (X.L.); (G.Z.)
| | - Zihao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Panjin Campus, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China;
| | - Xue-Zhi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Panjin Campus, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China;
- Correspondence: (X.-Z.S.); (Z.T.)
| | - Zhenquan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Panjin Campus, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China;
- Correspondence: (X.-Z.S.); (Z.T.)
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Du L, Wang D, Gu K, Zhang M. Construction of PdO-decorated double-shell ZnSnO 3 hollow microspheres for n-propanol detection at low temperature. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi01292k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The sensor based on 4 wt% PdO-loaded double-shell ZnSnO3 hollow microspheres shows rapid response/recovery speed to n-propanol at low working temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyong Du
- State key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- People's Republic of China
| | - Dongxue Wang
- State key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- People's Republic of China
| | - Kuikun Gu
- State key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzhe Zhang
- State key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- People's Republic of China
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Chu D, Li F, Song X, Ma H, Tan L, Pang H, Wang X, Guo D, Xiao B. A novel dual-tasking hollow cube NiFe 2O 4-NiCo-LDH@rGO hierarchical material for high preformance supercapacitor and glucose sensor. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 568:130-138. [PMID: 32088443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Binary transition metal oxides as electroactive materials have continuously aroused grumous attention due to their high theoretical specific capacitance, high valtage window, and multiple oxidation states. However, the tiny specific surface area, poor conductivity and unsatisfactory cycle stability limit their practical application. Hence, a synthetic strategy is designed to fabricate a dual-tasking hollow cube nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) - based composite (NiFe2O4-NiCo-LDH@rGO) with hierarchical structure. The composite is constructed by firstly preparing hollow NiFe2O4 from cube-like Ni - Fe bimetallic organic framework (NiFe-MOF), and then integrating nickel cobalt layered double hydroxide (NiCo-LDH) nanowires, together with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) via pyrolysis in conjuction with hydrothermal method. The NiFe2O4 possessing cubic hollow structure contributes to a huge accessible surface area, meanwhile alleviates large volume expansion/contraction effect, which facilitates suffcient permeation of the electrolyte and rapid ion/charge transport, and results in high cycling stability. The introduction of layered NiCo-LDH results in hierarchical structure and thus offers maximum contact areas with electrolyte, which heightens the specific capacitance of obtained composite and enhances the electro-catlytic activity towards oxidation of glucose. Furthermore, rGO layer greatly improves the electrical conductivity and ion diffusion/transport capability of composite. Benefiting from the unique structure and individual components of NiFe2O4-NiCo-LDH@rGO composite, the electrode delivers a high specific capacitance (750 C g-1) and superb durability. Simultaneously, the asymmetrical device based on NiFe2O4-NiCo-LDH@rGO as positive electrode delivers remarkable energy density (50 Wh kg-1). Moreover, NiFe2O4-NiCo-LDH@rGO exhibits good sensing performance with a sensitivity of 111.86 µA/µM cm-2, the wide linear range of 3.500 × 10-5 - 4.525 × 10-3 M, and the detection limit of 12.94 × 10-6 M with a signal to noise ratio of 3. Consequently, the NiFe2O4-NiCo-LDH@rGO could provide a prospective notion constructing bifunctional materials with hollow-cube hierarchical structure in the field of supercapacitors and electrochemical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Chu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Fengbo Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiumei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Huiyuan Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Lichao Tan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Haijun Pang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Dongxuan Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Boxin Xiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China
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9
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Singh S, Singh A, Singh A, Tandon P. An efficient room-temperature liquefied petroleum gas sensor based on trirutile copper antimonate nano-polygons. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj02528c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new direction to copper antimonate nano-polygons as an efficient LPG sensing material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyendra Singh
- Department of Physics
- M.P. Govt. P.G. College
- Hardoi-241001
- India
| | - Archana Singh
- Macromolecular Research Laboratory
- Department of Physics
- University of Lucknow
- Lucknow-226007
- India
| | - Ajendra Singh
- Macromolecular Research Laboratory
- Department of Physics
- University of Lucknow
- Lucknow-226007
- India
| | - Poonam Tandon
- Macromolecular Research Laboratory
- Department of Physics
- University of Lucknow
- Lucknow-226007
- India
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10
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Zhang Y, Jia C, Wang Q, Kong Q, Chen G, Guan H, Dong C. MOFs-Derived Porous NiFe 2O 4 Nano-Octahedrons with Hollow Interiors for an Excellent Toluene Gas Sensor. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E1059. [PMID: 31344833 PMCID: PMC6723223 DOI: 10.3390/nano9081059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Toluene is extensively used in many industrial products, which needs to be effectively detected by sensitive gas sensors even at low-ppm-level concentrations. Here, NiFe2O4 nano-octahedrons were calcinated from NiFe-bimetallic metal-organic framework (MOFs) octahedrons synthesized by a facile refluxing method. The co-existence of p-Phthalic acid (PTA) and 3,3-diaminobenzidine (DAB) promotes the formation of smooth NiFe-bimetallic MOFs octahedrons. After subsequent thermal treatment, a big weight loss (about 85%) transformed NiFe2O4 nanoparticles (30 nm) into NiFe2O4 porous nano-octahedrons with hollow interiors. The NiFe2O4 nano-octahedron based sensor exhibited excellent gas sensing properties for toluene with a nice stability, fast response, and recovery time (25 s/40 s to 100 ppm toluene), and a lower detection limitation (1 ppm) at 260 °C. The excellent toluene-sensing properties can not only be derived from the hollow interiors combined with porous nano-octahedrons to favor the diffusion of gas molecules, but also from the efficient catalytic activity of NiFe2O4 nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Chaowei Jia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Qiuyue Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Quan Kong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
- Yunnan Province Key Lab of Micro-Nano Materials and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Hongtao Guan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China.
- Yunnan Province Key Lab of Micro-Nano Materials and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China.
| | - Chengjun Dong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China.
- Yunnan Province Key Lab of Micro-Nano Materials and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China.
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Zhang Y, Jia C, Wang Q, Kong Q, Chen G, Guan H, Dong C. Highly Sensitive and Selective Toluene Sensor of Bimetallic Ni/Fe-MOFs Derived Porous NiFe2O4 Nanorods. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b01497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaowei Jia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiuyue Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quan Kong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, People’s Republic of China
- Yunnan Province Key Lab of Micro-Nano Materials and Technology, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongtao Guan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, People’s Republic of China
- Yunnan Province Key Lab of Micro-Nano Materials and Technology, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengjun Dong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, People’s Republic of China
- Yunnan Province Key Lab of Micro-Nano Materials and Technology, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, People’s Republic of China
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