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Chung NT, Dung VC, Duc DX. Recent achievements in the synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives. RSC Adv 2023; 13:32734-32771. [PMID: 37942457 PMCID: PMC10628531 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05960j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzimidazoles are a class of heterocyclic compounds in which a benzene ring is fused to the 4 and 5 positions of an imidazole ring. Benzimidazole refers to the parent compound, while benzimidazoles are a class of heterocyclic compounds having similar ring structures, but different substituents. Benzimidazole derivatives possess a wide range of bioactivities including antimicrobial, anthelmintic, antiviral, anticancer, and antihypertensive activities. Many compounds possessing a benzimidazole skeleton have been employed as drugs in the market. The application of benzimidazoles in other fields has also been documented. The synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives has attracted much attention from chemists and numerous articles on the synthesis of this class of heterocyclic compound have been reported over the years. The condensation between 1,2-benzenediamine and aldehydes has received intensive interest, while many novel methods have been developed. In this article, we will give a comprehensive review of studies on the synthesis of benzimidazole, which date back to 2013. We have also tried to describe reaction mechanisms as much as we can. The work might be useful for chemists who work in the synthesis of heterocycles or drug chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Chung
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Education, Vinh University 182 Le Duan Street Nghe An 430000 Vietnam
| | - Vo Cong Dung
- Centre for Education Accreditation, Vinh University 182 Le Duan Street Nghe An 430000 Vietnam
| | - Dau Xuan Duc
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Education, Vinh University 182 Le Duan Street Nghe An 430000 Vietnam
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2
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Smołka S, Krukiewicz K. Catalyst Design through Grafting of Diazonium Salts-A Critical Review on Catalyst Stability. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12575. [PMID: 37628758 PMCID: PMC10454683 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In the pursuit of designing a reusable catalyst with enhanced catalytic activity, recent studies indicate that electrochemical grafting of diazonium salts is an efficient method of forming heterogeneous catalysts. The aim of this review is to assess the industrial applicability of diazonium-based catalysts with particular emphasis on their mechanical, chemical, and thermal stability. To this end, different approaches to catalyst production via diazonium salt chemistry have been compared, including the immobilization of catalysts by a chemical reaction with a diazonium moiety, the direct use of diazonium salts and nanoparticles as catalysts, the use of diazonium layers to modulate wettability of a carrier, as well as the possibility of transforming the catalyst into the corresponding diazonium salt. After providing descriptions of the most suitable carriers, the most common deactivation routes of catalysts have been discussed. Although diazonium-based catalysts are expected to exhibit good stability owing to the covalent bond created between a catalyst and a post-diazonium layer, this review indicates the paucity of studies that experimentally verify this hypothesis. Therefore, use of diazonium salts appears a promising approach in catalysts formation if more research efforts can focus on assessing their stability and long-term catalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Smołka
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Krukiewicz
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
- Centre for Organic and Nanohybrid Electronics, Silesian University of Technology, S. Konarskiego 22b, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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3
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Gong K, Li C, Zhang D, Lu H, Wang Y, Li H, Zhang H. Sulfonic acid functionalized covalent organic frameworks as efficient catalyst for the one-pot tandem reactions. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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4
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Exploration of Cu-catalyzed regioselective hydrodehalogenation of o-haloanilides using EtOH as hydrogen source. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.121844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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5
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Hosseini MS, Masteri-Farahani M. Phenyl sulfonic acid functionalized graphene-based materials: Synthetic approaches and applications in organic reactions. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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6
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Kohli S, Rathee G, Hooda S, Chandra R. Al 2O 3/CuI/PANI nanocomposite catalyzed green synthesis of biologically active 2-substituted benzimidazole derivatives. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:7750-7758. [PMID: 33989371 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00806d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This work is generally focused on the synthesis of an efficient, reusable and novel heterogeneous Al2O3/CuI/PANI nanocatalyst, which has been well synthesized by a simple self-assembly approach where aniline is oxidized into PANI and aniline in the presence of KI also acts as a reductant. The nanocatalyst was well characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDX, TEM, BET and XPS techniques. In this study, the fabricated material was employed for the catalytic one-pot synthesis of 2-substituted benzimidazoles via condensation between o-phenylenediamine and aldehydes in ethanol as a green solvent. The present method is facile and offers several advantages such as high % yield, less reaction time, and no use of additive/bases. Also, the catalyst showed better values of green metrics including low E-factor: 0.17, high reaction mass efficiency: 85.34%, high carbon efficiency: 94%, and high process mass intensity: 1.17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Kohli
- Drug Discovery & Development Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India. and Department of Chemistry, Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110019, India.
| | - Garima Rathee
- Drug Discovery & Development Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India.
| | - Sunita Hooda
- Department of Chemistry, Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110019, India.
| | - Ramesh Chandra
- Drug Discovery & Development Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India.
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Dadwal S, Kumar M, Bhalla V. "Metal-Free" Nanoassemblies of AIEE-ICT-Active Pyrazine Derivative: Efficient Photoredox System for the Synthesis of Benzimidazoles. J Org Chem 2020; 85:13906-13919. [PMID: 33085479 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular nanoassemblies of an AIEE-ICT-active pyrazine derivative (TETPY) having strong absorption in the visible region and excellent transportability have been utilized as an efficient photoredox catalytic system for the synthesis of a variety of benzimidazoles having electron-withdrawing/electron-releasing/aliphatic groups under "metal-free" conditions. The reaction protocol involves the successful harvesting of visible light by TETPY assemblies to catalyze the coupling of o-phenylenediamine/substituted diamines and substituted aromatic/heterocyclic/aliphatic aldehydes under aerial conditions using mixed aqueous media as the reaction solvent. TETPY assemblies could activate aerial oxygen to generate superoxide for completing the vital proton abstraction step without the need for any external metal/base/oxidant. Moreover, all the products are purified by recrystallization from organic solvents. The TETPY assemblies also exhibited high efficiency in catalyzing the synthesis of 2-substituted benzothiazoles and quinazolines in excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Dadwal
- Department of Chemistry, UGC Centre of Advanced Study-II Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005 Punjab, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, UGC Centre of Advanced Study-II Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005 Punjab, India
| | - Vandana Bhalla
- Department of Chemistry, UGC Centre of Advanced Study-II Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005 Punjab, India
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Halder B, Banerjee F, Nag A. MWCNTs‐ZrO
2
as a reusable heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of
N
‐heterocyclic scaffolds under green reaction medium. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bipasa Halder
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721302 India
| | - Flora Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721302 India
| | - Ahindra Nag
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721302 India
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Ersan RH, Yuksel A, Ertan‐Bolelli T, Dogen A, Burmaoglu S, Algul O. One‐pot synthesis of novel benzimidazoles with a naphthalene moiety as antimicrobial agents and molecular docking studies. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202000125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronak Haj Ersan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Mersin University Mersin Turkey
| | - Ahmet Yuksel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Mersin University Mersin Turkey
| | - Tugba Ertan‐Bolelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Ankara University Ankara Turkey
| | - Aylin Dogen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy Mersin University Mersin Turkey
| | - Serdar Burmaoglu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Atatürk University Erzurum Turkey
| | - Oztekin Algul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Mersin University Mersin Turkey
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Vallés-García C, Montero-Lanzuela E, Navalon S, Álvaro M, Dhakshinamoorthy A, Garcia H. Tuning the active sites in reduced graphene oxide by hydroquinone functionalization for the aerobic oxidations of thiophenol and indane. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2020.111093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Li M, Tang Y, Gao H, Rao G, Mao Z. Efficient Cu‐catalyzed Synthesis of Benzimidazoles Using Ammonia as Nitrogen Source in Water. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minxin Li
- College of Pharmaceutical ScienceYunnan University of Chinese Medicine Kunming 650500 China
| | - Yanling Tang
- College of Pharmaceutical ScienceYunnan University of Chinese Medicine Kunming 650500 China
| | - Hui Gao
- College of Pharmaceutical ScienceYunnan University of Chinese Medicine Kunming 650500 China
| | - Gaoxiong Rao
- College of Pharmaceutical ScienceYunnan University of Chinese Medicine Kunming 650500 China
| | - Zewei Mao
- College of Pharmaceutical ScienceYunnan University of Chinese Medicine Kunming 650500 China
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12
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Saravana Ganesan N, Suresh P. Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene Oxide as a Sustainable Carbonaceous Catalyst for Greener Synthesis: Benign and Solvent‐free Synthesis of Pyranopyrazoles. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202000748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nagappan Saravana Ganesan
- Supramolecular and Catalysis Lab Dept. of Natural Products Chemistry School of ChemistryMadurai Kamaraj University Madurai 625021 India
| | - Palaniswamy Suresh
- Supramolecular and Catalysis Lab Dept. of Natural Products Chemistry School of ChemistryMadurai Kamaraj University Madurai 625021 India
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Azeez S, Sureshbabu P, Chaudhary P, Sabiah S, Kandasamy J. tert-Butyl nitrite catalyzed synthesis of benzimidazoles from o-phenylenediamine and aldehydes at room temperature. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.151735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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14
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Geng Z, Zhang HY, Yin G, Zhang Y, Zhao J. A one-pot synthesis of benzimidazoles via aerobic oxidative condensation of benzyl alcohols with o-phenylenediamines catalyzed by [MIMPs]+Cl-/NaNO2/TEMPO. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1747519820912163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The ionic liquid 1-methyl-3-(3-sulfopropyl)imidazolium chloride ([MIMPs]+Cl-) in combination with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) and sodium nitrite (NaNO2) as a catalytic system demonstrates high efficiency in the one-pot two-step aerobic oxidative condensation of benzyl alcohols with 1,2-phenylenediamines to give benzimidazoles. Various benzimidazoles are obtained in good to excellent yields by this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Geng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Hong-yu Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Guohui Yin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yuecheng Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology and High Efficient Energy Saving, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Jiquan Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
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Li G, He R, Liu Q, Wang Z, Liu Y, Wang Q. Formation of Amidinyl Radicals via Visible-Light-Promoted Reduction of N-Phenyl Amidoxime Esters and Application to the Synthesis of 2-Substituted Benzimidazoles. J Org Chem 2019; 84:8646-8660. [PMID: 31198038 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a new method for the synthesis of 2-substituted benzimidazoles via amidinyl radicals generated by visible-light-promoted reduction of N-phenyl amidoxime esters in the presence of an iridium photocatalyst. This is the first report of the use of N-phenyl amidoxime esters as amidinyl radical precursors, and the first use of substituted benzene rings as amidinyl radical acceptors. This method widens the application range of substrates and overcomes the shortcomings of the traditional methods for the synthesis of 2-substituted benzimidazoles, which requires harsh reaction conditions, involves difficult-to-prepare substituted o-phenylenediamine substrates, and produces acidic waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Ru He
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Qiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Ziwen Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, MOE Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry, College of Chemistry , Tianjin Normal University , Tianjin 300387 , China
| | - Yuxiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Qingmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
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Agrahari B, Layek S, Ganguly R, Dege N, Pathak DD. Synthesis, characterization and single crystal X-ray studies of pincer type Ni(II)-Schiff base complexes: Application in synthesis of 2-substituted benzimidazoles. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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