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Liu E, Mercado MIV, Segato F, Wilkins MR. A green pathway for lignin valorization: Enzymatic lignin depolymerization in biocompatible ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents. Enzyme Microb Technol 2024; 174:110392. [PMID: 38171172 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Lignin depolymerization, which enables the breakdown of a complex and heterogeneous aromatic polymer into relatively uniform derivatives, serves as a critical process in valorization of lignin. Enzymatic lignin depolymerization has become a promising biological strategy to overcome the heterogeneity of lignin, due to its mild reaction conditions and high specificity. However, the low solubility of lignin compounds in aqueous environments prevents efficient lignin depolymerization by lignin-degrading enzymes. The employment of biocompatible ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) in lignin fractionation has created a promising pathway to enzymatically depolymerize lignin within these green solvents to increase lignin solubility. In this review, recent research progress on enzymatic lignin depolymerization, particularly in a consolidated process involving ILs/DESs is summarized. In addition, the interactions between lignin-degrading enzymes and solvent systems are explored, and potential protein engineering methodology to improve the performance of lignin-degrading enzymes is discussed. Consolidation of enzymatic lignin depolymerization and biocompatible ILs/DESs paves a sustainable, efficient, and synergistic way to convert lignin into value-added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enshi Liu
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | | | - Fernando Segato
- Department of Biotechnology, University of São Paulo, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Mark R Wilkins
- Carl and Melinda Helwig Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
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Norfarhana AS, Ilyas RA, Ngadi N, Othman MHD, Misenan MSM, Norrrahim MNF. Revolutionizing lignocellulosic biomass: A review of harnessing the power of ionic liquids for sustainable utilization and extraction. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128256. [PMID: 38000585 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
The potential for the transformation of lignocellulosic biomass into valuable commodities is rapidly growing through an environmentally sustainable approach to harness its abundance, cost-effectiveness, biodegradability, and environmentally friendly nature. Ionic liquids (ILs) have received considerable and widespread attention as a promising solution for efficiently dissolving lignocellulosic biomass. The fact that ILs can act as solvents and reagents contributes to their widespread recognition. In particular, ILs are desirable because they are inert, non-toxic, non-flammable, miscible in water, recyclable, thermally and chemically stable, and have low melting points and outstanding ionic conductivity. With these characteristics, ILs can serve as a reliable replacement for traditional biomass conversion methods in various applications. Thus, this comprehensive analysis explores the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass using ILs, focusing on main components such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. In addition, the effect of multiple parameters on the separation of lignocellulosic biomass using ILs is discussed to emphasize their potential to produce high-value products from this abundant and renewable resource. This work contributes to the advancement of green technologies, offering a promising avenue for the future of biomass conversion and sustainable resource management.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Norfarhana
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia; Department of Petrochemical Engineering, Politeknik Tun Syed Nasir Syed Ismail, Pagoh Education Hub, 84600 Pagoh Muar Johor, Malaysia
| | - R A Ilyas
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia; Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia; Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; Centre of Excellence for Biomass Utilization, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.
| | - Norzita Ngadi
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia; Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Syukri Mohamad Misenan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, Yildiz Technical University, Davutpasa Campus, 34220 Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mohd Nor Faiz Norrrahim
- Research Centre for Chemical Defence, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Synthesis and Modification of Nanoparticles with Ionic Liquids: a Review. BIONANOSCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-023-01075-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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Rachiero GP, Berton P, Shamshina J. Deep Eutectic Solvents: Alternative Solvents for Biomass-Based Waste Valorization. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196606. [PMID: 36235144 PMCID: PMC9573730 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Innovative technologies can transform what are now considered “waste streams” into feedstocks for a range of products. Indeed, the use of biomass as a source of biopolymers and chemicals currently has a consolidated economic dimension, with well-developed and regulated markets, in which the evaluation of the manufacturing processes relies on specific criteria such as purity and yield, and respects defined regulatory parameters for the process safety. In this context, ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents have been proposed as environmentally friendly solvents for applications related to biomass waste valorization. This mini-review draws attention to some recent advancements in the use of a series of new-solvent technologies, with an emphasis on deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as key players in the development of new processes for biomass waste valorization. This work aims to highlight the role and importance of DESs in the following three strategic areas: chitin recovery from biomass and isolation of valuable chemicals and biofuels from biomass waste streams.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paula Berton
- Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Julia Shamshina
- Fiber and Biopolymer Research Institute (FBRI), Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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Liu N, Teng J, Yohannes A, Song H, Yao S. A systematic comparison of the extraction and adsorption of theophylline by new amino acid ester-based ionic liquids. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05583f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The selective extraction and adsorption of theophylline with a new amino acid ester-based ionic liquid was demonstrated, and a systematic comparison was made for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 650061, China
| | - Juan Teng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 650061, China
| | - Alula Yohannes
- College of Natural Science, Wolkite University, Wolkite, P. O. Box 07, Ethiopia
| | - Hang Song
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 650061, China
| | - Shun Yao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 650061, China
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Review of advances in the development of laccases for the valorization of lignin to enable the production of lignocellulosic biofuels and bioproducts. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 54:107809. [PMID: 34333091 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Development and deployment of commercial biorefineries based on conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into biofuels and bioproducts faces many challenges that must be addressed before they are commercially viable. One of the biggest challenges faced is the efficient and scalable valorization of lignin, one of the three major components of the plant cell wall. Lignin is the most abundant aromatic biopolymer on earth, and its presence hinders the extraction of cellulose and hemicellulose that is essential to biochemical conversion of lignocellulose to fuels and chemicals. There has been a significant amount of work over the past 20 years that has sought to develop innovative processes designed to extract and recycle lignin into valuable compounds and help reduce the overall costs of the biorefinery process. Due to the complex matrix of lignin, which is essential for plant survival, the development of a reliable and efficient lignin conversion technology has been difficult to achieve. One approach that has received significant interest relies on the use of enzymes, notably laccases, a class of multi‑copper green oxidative enzymes that catalyze bond breaking in lignin to produce smaller oligomers. In this review, we first assess the different innovations of lignin valorization using laccases within the context of a biorefinery process, and then assess the latest economical advances that these innovations offered. Finally, we review laccase characterization and optimization, as well as the prospects and bottlenecks of this class of enzymes within the industrial and biorefining sectors.
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Krishna PM, Polisetti V, Damarla K, Mandal SK, Kumar A. Improved biorefinery pathways of marine diatoms using a water miscible ionic liquid and its colloidal solution: efficient lipid extraction and in situ synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots for bio-imaging applications. RSC Adv 2021; 11:21207-21215. [PMID: 35478834 PMCID: PMC9034194 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01425k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a water-miscible ‘classic’ ionic liquid (IL), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazoliumacetate ([EMIM][Ac]), has been used for lipid extraction from marine diatoms Thalassiosira lundiana CSIR-CSMCRI 001 by following a non-polar solvent partition method. The composition of lipid was determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In total, 91.4 mg g−1 (dry wt) of lipid was produced, out of which the percentage of docosahexaenoic acids (DHA), myristic acid, palmitic acid, and arachidonic acid was 19.6%, 15.1%, 11.2%, and 10.4%, respectively. The IL-inseparable residual waste solution was directly used to generate green fluorescent carbon dots (FCDs) by constructing a colloidal solution with the help of a surface-active IL, choline dioctyl sulfosuccinate ([Cho][AOT]). The stability of colloidal FCDs was examined using FTIR, FT-NMR, and Raman spectroscopy. FCDs were extracted from the colloidal solutions via the demicellization process and characterized using HR-TEM (2 to 5 nm) and PXRD techniques. The optical properties of colloidal FCDs were measured using UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy and showed a wide range of emission (λ460 nm to λ590 nm). Such FCD stabilized colloidal solutions could be effectively used in fluorescence imaging of yeast cells, thus making the biorefinery approach more sustainable. In this study, a water-miscible ionic liquid (IL), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazoliumacetate ([EMIM][Ac]), has been used for lipid extraction from marine diatoms Thalassiosira lundiana CSIR-CSMCRI 001 by following a non-polar solvent partition method.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Paidi Murali Krishna
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- Ghaziabad
- India
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute
- Bhavnagar
| | | | - Krishnaiah Damarla
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- Ghaziabad
- India
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute
- Bhavnagar
| | - Subir Kumar Mandal
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- Ghaziabad
- India
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute
- Bhavnagar
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- Ghaziabad
- India
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute
- Bhavnagar
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The Role of Ionic Liquids in the Lignin Separation from Lignocellulosic Biomass. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13184864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lignin is a natural polymer, one that has an abundant and renewable resource in biomass. Due to a tendency towards the use of biochemicals, the efficient utilization of lignin has gained wide attention. The delignification of lignocellulosic biomass makes its fractions (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) susceptible to easier transformation to many different commodities like energy, chemicals, and materials that could be produced using the biorefinery concept. This review gives an overview of the field of lignin separation from lignocellulosic biomass and changes that occur in the biomass during this process, as well as taking a detailed look at the influence of parameters that lead the process of dissolution. According to recent studies, a number of ionic liquids (ILs) have shown a level of potential for industrial scale production in terms of the pretreatment of biomass. ILs are perspective green solvents for pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass. These properties in ILs enable one to disrupt the complex structure of lignocellulose. In addition, the physicochemical properties of aprotic and protic ionic liquids (PILs) are summarized, with those properties making them suitable solvents for lignocellulose pretreatment which, especially, target lignin. The aim of the paper is to focus on the separation of lignin from lignocellulosic biomass, by keeping all components susceptible for biorefinery processes. The discussion includes interaction mechanisms between lignocellulosic biomass subcomponents and ILs to increase the lignin yield. According to our research, certain PILs have potential for the cost reduction of LC biomass pretreatment on the feasible separation of lignin.
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Kurnia I, Yoshida A, Chaihad N, Prakoso T, Li S, Du X, Hao X, Abudula A, Guan G. Synthesis of p-menthane-3,8-diol from citronellal over lignin-derived carbon acid catalysts. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj00919a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sustainable carbon acid catalysts exhibited high-performance in the conversion of citronellal to p-menthane-3,8-diol via a carbocation-hydration pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irwan Kurnia
- Graduate School of Science and Technology
- Hirosaki University
- Hirosaki 036-8560
- Japan
| | - Akihiro Yoshida
- Graduate School of Science and Technology
- Hirosaki University
- Hirosaki 036-8560
- Japan
- Energy Conversion Engineering Laboratory
| | - Nichaboon Chaihad
- Graduate School of Science and Technology
- Hirosaki University
- Hirosaki 036-8560
- Japan
| | - Tirto Prakoso
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Institut Teknologi Bandung
- Bandung 40132
- Indonesia
| | - Shasha Li
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Taiyuan University of Science and Technology
- Taiyuan 030012
- China
| | - Xiao Du
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- Taiyuan 030024
- China
| | - Xiaogang Hao
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- Taiyuan 030024
- China
| | - Abuliti Abudula
- Graduate School of Science and Technology
- Hirosaki University
- Hirosaki 036-8560
- Japan
| | - Guoqing Guan
- Graduate School of Science and Technology
- Hirosaki University
- Hirosaki 036-8560
- Japan
- Energy Conversion Engineering Laboratory
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