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Li C, Wang S, Li S, Yin H, Ma Q, Chen FX. Construction and Modification of Nitrogen-Rich Polycyclic Frameworks: A Promising Fused Tricyclic Host-Guest Energetic Material with Heat Resistance, High Energy, and Low Sensitivity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:35232-35244. [PMID: 38917334 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c07938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The construction and modification of novel energetic frameworks to achieve an ideal balance between high energy density and good stability are a continuous pursuit for researchers. In this work, a fused [5,6,5]-tricyclic framework was utilized as the energetic host to encapsulate the oxidant molecules for the first time. A series of new pyridazine-based [5,6] and [5,6,5] fused polycyclic nitrogen-rich skeletons and their derivatives were designed and synthesized. Two strategies, amino oxidation and host-guest inclusion, were used to modify the skeleton in only one step. All compounds exhibit good comprehensive properties (Td (onset) > 200 °C, ρ > 1.85 g cm-3, Dv > 8400 m s-1, IS > 20 J, FS > 360 N). Benefiting from the pyridazine-based fused tricyclic structure with more hydrogen bonding units and larger conjugated systems, the first example of [5,6,5]-tricyclic host-guest energetic material triamino-9H-pyrazolo[3,4-d][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazine-diperchloric acid (10), shows high decomposition temperature (Td (onset) = 336 °C), high density and heats of formation (ρ = 1.94 g cm-3, ΔHf = 733.4 kJ mol-1), high detonation performance (Dv = 8820 m s-1, P = 36.2 GPa), high specific impulse (Isp = 269 s), and low sensitivity (IS = 30 J, FS > 360 N). The comprehensive performance of 10 is superior to that of high-energy explosive RDX and heat-resistant explosives such as HNS and LLM-105. 10 has the potential to become a comprehensive advanced energetic material that simultaneously satisfies the requirements of high-energy and low-sensitivity explosives, heat-resistant explosives, and solid propellants. This work may give new insights into the construction and modification of a nitrogen-rich polycyclic framework and broaden the applications of fused polycyclic framework for the development of host-guest energetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Liangxiang Campus, No. 8 Liangxiang East Road, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Shaoqing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Liangxiang Campus, No. 8 Liangxiang East Road, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Shaojia Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Liangxiang Campus, No. 8 Liangxiang East Road, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Hongquan Yin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Liangxiang Campus, No. 8 Liangxiang East Road, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Qing Ma
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Fu-Xue Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Liangxiang Campus, No. 8 Liangxiang East Road, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, China
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Stankevich AV, Tolshchina SG, Korotina AV, Rusinov GL, Chemagina IV, Charushin VN. Mechanism, Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Decomposition for High Energy Derivatives of [1,2,4]Triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4,5]tetrazine. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27206966. [PMID: 36296568 PMCID: PMC9610082 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents the data of research studies on the mechanisms, kinetics and thermodynamics of decomposition of three high-energy compounds: [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4,5]tetrazine-3,6-diamine (TTDA), 3-amino-6-hydrazino[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4,5]tetrazine (TTGA) and 3,6-dinitroamino[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4,5]tetrazine (DNTT). The points of change of the reaction mechanisms under thermal effects with different intensities from 0.1 to 2000 s−1 have been established. The values of activation and induction energies for the limiting stages of decomposition have been obtained. The formation of nanostructured carbon nitride (α-C3N4) in condensed decomposition products, cyanogen (C2N2) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) in gaseous products have been shown. Concentration-energy diagrams for the reaction products have been compiled. The parameters of heat resistance and thermal safety proved to be: 349.5 °C and 358.2 °C for TTDA; 190.3 °C and 198.0 °C for TTGA; 113.4 °C and 114.1 °C for DNTT. The energy and thermodynamic properties have also been estimated. This work found the activation energy of the decomposition process to be 129.0 kJ/mol for TTDA, 212.2 kJ/mol for TTGA and 292.2 kJ/mol for DNTT. The average induction energy of the catalytic process (Ecat) for TTGA was established to be 21 kJ/mol, and for DNTT-1500–1700 kJ/mol. The induction energy of the inhibition process (Eing) of TTDA was estimated to be 800–1400 kJ/mol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr V. Stankevich
- I.Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, S. Kovalevskaya Str., 22/20, 620108 Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Russian Federal Nuclear Center, All-Russian Research Institute of Technical Physics (RFNC-VNIITF), Vasilieva Street 13, 456770 Snezhinsk, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Svetlana G. Tolshchina
- I.Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, S. Kovalevskaya Str., 22/20, 620108 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Anna V. Korotina
- I.Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, S. Kovalevskaya Str., 22/20, 620108 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Gennady L. Rusinov
- I.Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, S. Kovalevskaya Str., 22/20, 620108 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Irina V. Chemagina
- Russian Federal Nuclear Center, All-Russian Research Institute of Technical Physics (RFNC-VNIITF), Vasilieva Street 13, 456770 Snezhinsk, Russia
| | - Valery N. Charushin
- I.Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, S. Kovalevskaya Str., 22/20, 620108 Ekaterinburg, Russia
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Fershtat LL. Recent advances in the synthesis and performance of 1,2,4,5-tetrazine-based energetic materials. FIREPHYSCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpc.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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4
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Bian C, Zhang J, Ma J, Zhu N, Yang X, Guo X, Li J, Lu L. Highly energetic salts based on the planar 3,6-dinitramino[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4]triazole. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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5
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Zhang Z, Chen X, Chen Y, Li Y, Nan H, Ma H. Synthesis and properties of a promising high energy and low impact sensitivity explosive: hydroxylammonium 3-hydrazino-6-(1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-ylimino)-s-tetrazine. FIREPHYSCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpc.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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6
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Crystal engineering with energetic picric acid halogen-based salts: Promising properties of a new family of insensitive materials. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Fasila P, Rahana A, Biju A. Theoretical investigation of energetic performance and impact sensitivities of nitro and trinitromethyl substituted ozonides of ethylene and cyclopentene. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2021.113425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Hu L, Staples RJ, Shreeve JM. Hydrogen bond system generated by nitroamino rearrangement: new character for designing next generation energetic materials. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:603-606. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07101c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen bond systems stabilize molecules and shorten intermolecular distances to give higher density and lower sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Hu
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Idaho
- Moscow
- USA
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Benz M, Klapötke TM, Stierstorfer J. Combining Performance with Thermal Stability: Synthesis and Characterization of 5‐(3,5‐Dinitro‐1
H
‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)‐1
H
‐tetrazole and its Energetic Derivatives. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202000123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Benz
- Department of Chemistry Univeristy of Munich (LMU) Butendandtstr. 5–13 (D) 81377 München Germany
| | - Thomas M. Klapötke
- Department of Chemistry Univeristy of Munich (LMU) Butendandtstr. 5–13 (D) 81377 München Germany
| | - Jörg Stierstorfer
- Department of Chemistry Univeristy of Munich (LMU) Butendandtstr. 5–13 (D) 81377 München Germany
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10
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O'Sullivan OT, Zdilla MJ. Properties and Promise of Catenated Nitrogen Systems As High-Energy-Density Materials. Chem Rev 2020; 120:5682-5744. [PMID: 32543838 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The properties of catenated nitrogen molecules, molecules containing internal chains of bonded nitrogen atoms, is of fundamental scientific interest in chemical structure and bonding, as nitrogen is uniquely situated in the periodic table to form kinetically stable compounds often with chemically stable N-N bonds but which are thermodynamically unstable in that the formation of stable multiply bonded N2 is usually thermodynamically preferable. This unique placement in the periodic table makes catenated nitrogen compounds of interest for development of high-energy-density materials, including explosives for defense and construction purposes, as well as propellants for missile propulsion and for space exploration. This review, designed for a chemical audience, describes foundational subjects, methods, and metrics relevant to the energetic materials community and provides an overview of important classes of catenated nitrogen compounds ranging from theoretical investigation of hypothetical molecules to the practical application of real-world energetic materials. The review is intended to provide detailed chemical insight into the synthesis and decomposition of such materials as well as foundational knowledge of energetic science new to most chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen T O'Sullivan
- ASEE Fellow, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Indian Head Division (NSWC IHD), 4005 Indian Head Hwy, Indian Head, Maryland 20640, United States
| | - Michael J Zdilla
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th St. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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Schnell SD, Hoff LV, Panchagnula A, Wurzenberger MHH, Klapötke TM, Sieber S, Linden A, Gademann K. 3-Bromotetrazine: labelling of macromolecules via monosubstituted bifunctional s-tetrazines. Chem Sci 2020; 11:3042-3047. [PMID: 34122808 PMCID: PMC8157750 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc06169j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the synthesis and first characterisation of the novel chemical probe 3-bromotetrazine and establish its reactivity towards nucleophiles. This led to the synthesis of several novel classes of 3-monosubstituted s-tetrazines. A remarkable functional group selectivity is observed and is utilised to site-selectively functionalise different complex molecules. The stability of 3-bromotetrazine under the reaction conditions facilitated the development of a protocol for protein functionalisation, which enabled a "minimal", bifunctional tetrazine unit as a bio-orthogonal handle for inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reactions. Additionally, a novel tetrazine-based chemical probe was developed and its application in the context of thiol-targeted natural product isolation and labelling of mammalian cells is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon D Schnell
- University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Lukas V Hoff
- University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | | | | | - Thomas M Klapötke
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Butenandtstrasse 5-13 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Simon Sieber
- University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Anthony Linden
- University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Karl Gademann
- University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
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12
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Liu Y, Zhao G, Yu Q, Tang Y, Imler GH, Parrish DA, Shreeve JM. Intermolecular Weak Hydrogen Bonding (Het-H-N/O): an Effective Strategy for the Synthesis of Monosubstituted 1,2,4,5-Tetrazine-Based Energetic Materials with Excellent Sensitivity. J Org Chem 2019; 84:16019-16026. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingle Liu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, 180 Xueyuan Street, Huixing Lu, Zigong 643000, Sichuan, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2343, United States
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2343, United States
| | - Qiong Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2343, United States
| | - Yongxing Tang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2343, United States
| | - Gregory H. Imler
- Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6910, 4555 Overlook Avenue, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, United States
| | - Damon A. Parrish
- Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6910, 4555 Overlook Avenue, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, United States
| | - Jean’ne M. Shreeve
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2343, United States
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13
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Savastano M, García-Gallarín C, López de la Torre MD, Bazzicalupi C, Bianchi A, Melguizo M. Anion-π and lone pair-π interactions with s-tetrazine-based ligands. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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14
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Zhai L, Bi F, Huo H, Luo Y, Li X, Chen S, Wang B. The Ingenious Synthesis of a Nitro-Free Insensitive High-Energy Material Featuring Face-to-Face and Edge-to-Face π-Interactions. Front Chem 2019; 7:559. [PMID: 31448264 PMCID: PMC6692488 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Density, detonation property, and sensitivity may be the most valued features when evaluating an energetic material. By reasoning structure–property relationships, a nitro-free planar energetic material with high nitrogen and oxygen content, 7-hydroxy-difurazano[3,4-b:3′,4′-f]furoxano[3″,4″-d]azepine (4), was synthesized using a unique and facile approach. The structure was fully characterized by IR and NMR spectra, elemental analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The expected properties of 4, including a high density of 1.92 g cm−3, high detonation velocity of 8,875 m s−1, and low mechanical sensitivities (impact sensitivity, 21 J and friction sensitivity, >360 N), confirm our strategy. Interestingly, the single-crystal structures of 4 reveal expected face-to-face and edge-to-face π-interactions in the crystal stacking. The remarkable differences in crystal stacking of 4 provide unequivocal evidence that face-to-face π-π interactions contribute significantly to closer assembly and higher density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianjie Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, China
| | - Fuqiang Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, China
| | - Huan Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, China
| | - Yifen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiangzhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, China
| | - Sanping Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bozhou Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, China
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15
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Dinitromethyl, fluorodinitromethyl derivatives of RDX and HMX as high energy density materials: a computational study. Struct Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-019-01366-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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16
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Wang G, Fu Z, Yin H, Chen F. Synthesis and Properties [1,2,4]Triazolo[4,3‐b][1,2,4,5]Tetrazine
N
‐Oxide Explosives. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.201900014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guilong Wang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology (Liangxiang Campus) No. 8 Liangxiang east road, Fangshan district Beijing 102488 P.R. China
| | - Zhanda Fu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology (Liangxiang Campus) No. 8 Liangxiang east road, Fangshan district Beijing 102488 P.R. China
- Department of ChemistryTangshan Normal University Tangshan 063000 P.R. China
| | - Hongquan Yin
- School of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology (Liangxiang Campus) No. 8 Liangxiang east road, Fangshan district Beijing 102488 P.R. China
| | - Fu‐Xue Chen
- School of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology (Liangxiang Campus) No. 8 Liangxiang east road, Fangshan district Beijing 102488 P.R. China
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Lu T, Wang C, Wang G, Wang S, Song J, Yin H, Fan G, Chen FX. 1,2,4-Oxadiazole-derived polynitro energetic compounds with sensitivity reduced by a methylene bridge. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj01452g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This is a new family of energetic compounds combining a high-energy polynitro group with an insensitive methylene linkage and thermostable 1,2,4-oxadiazole skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Lu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology (Liangxiang Campus)
- Beijing 102488
- China
| | - Chenbin Wang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology (Liangxiang Campus)
- Beijing 102488
- China
| | - Guilong Wang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology (Liangxiang Campus)
- Beijing 102488
- China
| | - Shaoqing Wang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology (Liangxiang Campus)
- Beijing 102488
- China
| | - Jia Song
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology (Liangxiang Campus)
- Beijing 102488
- China
| | - Hongquan Yin
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology (Liangxiang Campus)
- Beijing 102488
- China
| | - Guijuan Fan
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- CAEP
- Mianyang 621050
- China
| | - Fu-Xue Chen
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology (Liangxiang Campus)
- Beijing 102488
- China
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