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Carpinelli de Jesus M, Church T, Wapling JA, Collins R, Leach GJ, Leach D, De Voss JJ, Blanchfield JT. Differentiating Dyes: A Spectroscopic Investigation into the Composition of Scarlet Bloodroot ( Haemodorum coccineum R.Br.) Rhizome. Molecules 2023; 28:7422. [PMID: 37959841 PMCID: PMC10648959 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Haemodorum coccineum, commonly known as scarlet bloodroot, is a plant native to New Guinea and the northern most parts of Australia. The highly coloured H. coccineum is used by communities in Larrakia country for dyeing garments and occasionally to treat snake bites. Previous studies into H. coccineum have focused on its taxonomic classification, with this being the first evaluation of the chemical composition of the plant. Haemodoraceae plants are reported to contain phenylphenalenones (PhPs), which are highly conjugated polycyclic oxygenated aromatic hydrocarbons. We report the characterisation of 20 compounds extracted from the rhizome of H. coccineum: four sugars and 16 compounds belonging to the PhP family. The compounds include five aglycones and seven glycosylated compounds, of which four contain malonate esters in their structures. Characterisation of these compounds was achieved through 1D and 2D NMR, MS analysis and comparison to the known phytochemistry of other species from the Haemodorum genus. Preliminary anti-microbial activity of the crude extract shows significant inhibition of the growth of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, but no activity against Candida albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Taylah Church
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0810, Australia; (T.C.); (J.A.W.); (R.C.); (G.J.L.)
| | - Johanna A. Wapling
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0810, Australia; (T.C.); (J.A.W.); (R.C.); (G.J.L.)
| | - Raelene Collins
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0810, Australia; (T.C.); (J.A.W.); (R.C.); (G.J.L.)
| | - Gregory J. Leach
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0810, Australia; (T.C.); (J.A.W.); (R.C.); (G.J.L.)
| | - David Leach
- Research and Development, Integria (MediHerb), Brisbane, QLD 4113, Australia;
| | - James J. De Voss
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Joanne T. Blanchfield
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
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2
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Lyu H, Chen Y, Gershenzon J, Paetz C. Diarylheptanoid Derivatives (Musellins A-F) and Dimeric Phenylphenalenones from Seed Coats of Musella lasiocarpa, the Chinese Dwarf Banana. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:1571-1583. [PMID: 37256742 PMCID: PMC10294256 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Phenylphenalenones (PPs) are phytoalexins protecting banana plants (Musaceae) against various pathogens. However, how plants synthesize PPs is still poorly understood. In this work, we investigated the major secondary metabolites of developing seed coats of Musella lasiocarpa to determine if this species might be a good model system to study the biosynthesis of PPs. We found that PPs are major components of M. lasiocarpa seed coats at middle and late developmental stages. Two previously undescribed PP dimers (M-4 and M-6) and a group of unreported diarylheptanoid (DH) derivatives named musellins A-F (B-7, B-9, B-10, B-12, B-14, and B-15) were isolated along with 14 known compounds. Musellin D (B-12) and musellin F (B-15) contain the first reported furo[3,2-c]pyran ring and represent a previously undescribed carbon skeleton. The chemical structures of all new compounds were characterized by spectroscopic data, including NMR, HRESIMS, and ECD analysis. Plausible biosynthetic pathways for the formation of PPs and DHs are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lyu
- NMR/Biosynthesis
Group, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical
Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Yu Chen
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources,
Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and
Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), 210014 Nanjing, China
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Department
of Biochemistry, Max-Planck-Institute for
Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Paetz
- NMR/Biosynthesis
Group, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical
Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
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3
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Gutiérrez Gaitén YI, Felipe González A, Scull Lizama R, Núñez Cairo CR, Álvarez Hernández GL, Díaz Masó V, Noa Rodríguez AC, Herrera Isidrón JA, Pieters L, Foubert K, Herrera Isidrón L. Pharmacognostic Study, Diuretic Activity and Acute Oral Toxicity of the Leaves of Xiphidium caeruleum Aubl. Collected in Two Different Phenological Stages. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1268. [PMID: 36986955 PMCID: PMC10052520 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Xiphidium caeruleum Aubl. is traditionally used in Cuba as an analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antilithiatic and diuretic remedy. Here we studied the pharmacognostic parameters of the leaves of X. caeruleum, the preliminary phytochemical composition, diuretic activity and acute oral toxicity of the aqueous extracts from the leaves of plants collected in the vegetative (VE) and flowering (FE) stages. The morphological characteristics and physicochemical parameters of leaves and extracts were determined. The phytochemical composition was assessed by phytochemical screening, TLC, UV, IR and HPLC/DAD profiles. The diuretic activity was evaluated in Wistar rats and compared to furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide and spironolactone. Epidermal cells, stomata and crystals were observed on the leaf surface. Phenolic compounds were identified as the main metabolites, including phenolic acids (gallic, caffeic, ferulic and cinnamic acids) and flavonoids (catechin, kaempferol-3-O-glucoside and quercetin). VE and FE showed diuretic activity. The activity of VE was similar to furosemide, and the activity of FE resembled spironolactone. No acute oral toxicity was observed. The presence of flavonoids and phenols in VE and FE may explain at least in part the traditional use and provide some insight into the reported ethnomedical use as a diuretic. Because of the differences in polyphenol profiles between VE and FE, further studies should be carried out to standardize the harvesting and extraction conditions in order to use X. caeruleum leaf extract as herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ramón Scull Lizama
- Instituto de Farmacia y Alimentos, Universidad de la Habana, La Habana 17100, Cuba
| | - Carlos R. Núñez Cairo
- Instituto de Ciencias Básicas y Preclínicas “Victoria de Girón”, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas, La Habana 11300, Cuba
| | | | | | | | - José A. Herrera Isidrón
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales, Universidad de la Habana, La Habana 10400, Cuba
| | - Luc Pieters
- Natural Products and Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kenn Foubert
- Natural Products and Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lisset Herrera Isidrón
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Ingeniería Campus Guanajuato (UPIIG), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Mineral de Valenciana 200, Puerto Interior, Silao de la Victoria 36275, Guanajuato, Mexico
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4
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Liang Z, Zhang P, Xiong Y, Johnson SK, Fang Z. Phenolic and carotenoid characterization of the ethanol extract of an Australian native plant Haemodorum spicatum. Food Chem 2023; 399:133969. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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5
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Song X, Ku C, Si T, Jaiswal YS, Williams LL, Lu D, Huang J, He Z, Wang M. Synthesis and Biological Activities Assessment of 4‐, 6‐, and 9‐Phenylphenalenone Derivatives. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xun Song
- College of Pharmacy Shenzhen Technology University 3002 Lantian Road, Pingshan District Shenzhen Guangdong 518118 China
| | - Chuen‐Fai Ku
- School of Chinese Medicine Hong Kong Baptist University 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Tong‐Xu Si
- Department of Biomedical Sciences City University of Hong Kong 31 To Yuen Street, Kowloon Tong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Yogini S. Jaiswal
- Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University The North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way Kannapolis, NC 28081 USA
| | - Leonard L. Williams
- Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University The North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way Kannapolis, NC 28081 USA
| | - De‐Yu Lu
- College of Pharmacy Shenzhen Technology University 3002 Lantian Road, Pingshan District Shenzhen Guangdong 518118 China
| | - Jia‐Jun Huang
- College of Pharmacy Shenzhen Technology University 3002 Lantian Road, Pingshan District Shenzhen Guangdong 518118 China
| | - Zhen‐Dan He
- College of Pharmacy Shenzhen Technology University 3002 Lantian Road, Pingshan District Shenzhen Guangdong 518118 China
| | - Ming‐Zhong Wang
- College of Pharmacy Shenzhen Technology University 3002 Lantian Road, Pingshan District Shenzhen Guangdong 518118 China
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6
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Norman EO, Hombsch S, Lever J, Brkljača R, White J, Gasser RB, Taki AC, Urban S. Phytochemical Profiling and Biological Testing of the Constituents of the Australian Plant Haemodorum brevisepalum. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:2832-2844. [PMID: 34780692 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical profiling was undertaken on the crude extracts of the bulbs, stems, and the fruits of Haemodorum brevisepalum, to determine the nature of the chemical constituents present. This represents the first study to investigate the fruits of a species of Haemodorum. In total, 13 new and 17 previously reported compounds were isolated and identified. The new compounds were of the phenylphenalenone-type class, with a representative of a novel structural form, named tentatively "oxabenzochromenone" (1), a compound akin to an intermediate in a recently proposed phenylphenalenone metabolic network (2), seven new phenylphenalenones (4-10), four new phenylbenzoisochromenones (11-14), and a new phenylbenzoisochromenone derivative (18). The previously reported compounds identified were of the following structure classes: oxabenzochrysenone (3, 23-26), flavonol (15, 16), phenylbenzoisochromenone (17, 21, 22, 27-30), and phenylphenalenone (19, 20). Compounds 2-4, 6-9, 15-18, 21, 22, and 26 were subjected to antimicrobial evaluation with moderate activity observed against Staphylococcus aureus MRSA and slight activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. Compounds 4, 6-9, 17, and 21 were also evaluated for anthelminthic activity against larvae of the blood-feeding parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Owen Norman
- School of Science (Applied Chemistry and Environmental Science), RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Stuart Hombsch
- School of Science (Applied Chemistry and Environmental Science), RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - James Lever
- School of Science (Applied Chemistry and Environmental Science), RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Robert Brkljača
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Jonathan White
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Robin B Gasser
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Aya C Taki
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Sylvia Urban
- School of Science (Applied Chemistry and Environmental Science), RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
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7
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Liang X, Huang ZH, Shen WB, Lu XH, Zhang XX, Ma X, Qi SH. Talaromyoxaones A and B: Unusual Oxaphenalenone Spirolactones as Phosphatase Inhibitors from the Marine-Derived Fungus Talaromyces purpureogenus SCSIO 41517. J Org Chem 2021; 86:12831-12839. [PMID: 34477382 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
(+)- and (-)-talaromyoxaones A and B (1 and 2, respectively), two new oxaphenalenone derivatives with a hemiacetal frame and an unprecedented spirolactone frame of a 2'H,3H,4'H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,3'-pyran]-3-one unit that show biosynthetic enantiodivergence, and two new oxaphenalenone analogues (±)-11-apopyrenulin (3) and (+)- or (-)-abeopyrenulin (4) were isolated from the marine-derived fungus Talaromyces purpureogenus SCSIO 41517. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and quantum chemical calculations of ECD spectra. Compounds 1 and 2 showed selective inhibitory activity against phosphatases SHP1, SHP2, and MEG2 with IC50 values of 1.3-3.4 μM, and the potential modes of action for 1 were investigated by a preliminary molecular docking study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bioresources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Zhong-Hui Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bioresources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Wen-Bin Shen
- New Drug Research Development Co., Ltd, North China Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, Shijiazhuang 050015, China
| | - Xin-Hua Lu
- New Drug Research Development Co., Ltd, North China Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, Shijiazhuang 050015, China
| | - Xue-Xia Zhang
- New Drug Research Development Co., Ltd, North China Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, Shijiazhuang 050015, China
| | - Xuan Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bioresources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Shu-Hua Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bioresources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
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8
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Cheng GG, Liu YP, Gu J, Qian SY, Yang HJ, Na ZY, Luo XD. Phytochemicals and Allelopathy of Induced Water Hyacinth against Microcystis aeruginosa. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:1772-1779. [PMID: 34033480 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Induced water hyacinth with purple roots (PRWH) exerts a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of blue-green algae. Interestingly, its chemical constituents differ from those of wild-type water hyacinth and have not yet been reported. This study aimed to explore the chemical constituents of PRWH and its bioactive components serving as allelopathic agents against blue-green algae. Phytochemical investigation of the bioactive ethyl acetate fraction of a crude methanol extract from PRWH led to the isolation of 56 compounds, including 11 new phenylphenalene derivatives. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by comprehensive analyses through NMR, HRMS, and X-ray techniques. Bioactivity evaluation against Microcystis aeruginosa indicated that compounds 7, 12, 15, 37, 39, 45, and 47 potently inhibited blue-green algae growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Guang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
- The Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Ya-Ping Liu
- The Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ji Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Sheng-Yan Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Hong-Jun Yang
- Yunnan Institute for Ecological Agriculture, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Na
- Yunnan Institute for Ecological Agriculture, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
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9
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Parthasarathy A, Borrego EJ, Savka MA, Dobson RCJ, Hudson AO. Amino acid-derived defense metabolites from plants: A potential source to facilitate novel antimicrobial development. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100438. [PMID: 33610552 PMCID: PMC8024917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
For millennia, humanity has relied on plants for its medicines, and modern pharmacology continues to reexamine and mine plant metabolites for novel compounds and to guide improvements in biological activity, bioavailability, and chemical stability. The critical problem of antibiotic resistance and increasing exposure to viral and parasitic diseases has spurred renewed interest into drug treatments for infectious diseases. In this context, an urgent revival of natural product discovery is globally underway with special attention directed toward the numerous and chemically diverse plant defensive compounds such as phytoalexins and phytoanticipins that combat herbivores, microbial pathogens, or competing plants. Moreover, advancements in “omics,” chemistry, and heterologous expression systems have facilitated the purification and characterization of plant metabolites and the identification of possible therapeutic targets. In this review, we describe several important amino acid–derived classes of plant defensive compounds, including antimicrobial peptides (e.g., defensins, thionins, and knottins), alkaloids, nonproteogenic amino acids, and phenylpropanoids as potential drug leads, examining their mechanisms of action, therapeutic targets, and structure–function relationships. Given their potent antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, and antiviral properties, which can be superior to existing drugs, phytoalexins and phytoanticipins are an excellent resource to facilitate the rational design and development of antimicrobial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anutthaman Parthasarathy
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Eli J Borrego
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Michael A Savka
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Renwick C J Dobson
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre and School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand; Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - André O Hudson
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester, New York, USA.
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10
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Kuo C, Rao NS, Patil PB, Chiang T, Kavala V, Yao C. Synthesis of Perinaphthenones
via
BF
3
.
Et
2
O Mediated One‐Pot Cascade 4,5‐Annulation Reactions of 1‐Naphthols and Ynones. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun‐Wei Kuo
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan Normal University 88, Sec. 4, Ting-Zhou Road Taipei 116, R.O.C. Taiwan
| | - Naidu Sambasiva Rao
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan Normal University 88, Sec. 4, Ting-Zhou Road Taipei 116, R.O.C. Taiwan
| | - Prakash Bhimrao Patil
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan Normal University 88, Sec. 4, Ting-Zhou Road Taipei 116, R.O.C. Taiwan
| | - Ting‐Ta Chiang
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan Normal University 88, Sec. 4, Ting-Zhou Road Taipei 116, R.O.C. Taiwan
| | - Veerababurao Kavala
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan Normal University 88, Sec. 4, Ting-Zhou Road Taipei 116, R.O.C. Taiwan
| | - Ching‐Fa Yao
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan Normal University 88, Sec. 4, Ting-Zhou Road Taipei 116, R.O.C. Taiwan
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11
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Pothiraj R, Ravikumar MJ, Suthanthiram B, Subbaraya U, Krishnamurthy P. Genome-scale analyses of polyketide synthases in banana: Phylogenetics and expression profiling forecast their candidacy in specialized metabolism. Gene 2021; 778:145472. [PMID: 33549715 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Plant type III polyketide synthases (PKSs) are associated with various functions in plant growth, development and defense by providing a multitude of polyketide scaffolds for diverse specialized metabolic pathways (SMPs). To decipher banana PKSs involved in specialized metabolism, genome-wide comparative analyses were conducted with A (Musa acuminata) and B (Musa balbisiana) genomes of banana. Both genomes retained eight chalcone synthases (CHSs), seven curcumin synthases (CURSs), three diketidyl-CoA synthases (DCSs) and one anther specific CHS (ASC). Segmental (42%) and tandem (37%) duplication events majorly flourished the banana PKS family. Six of 19 PKSs of A genome (designated as MaPKSs) showed relatively a higher expression in the root, corm, sheath, leaf and embryogenic cell suspension (ECS) of banana. To determine the defense response of MaPKSs and to highlight their candidacy in various SMPs, expression profiling was conducted by qPCR in ECSs treated with 100/200 μM of jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) at 24/48 h. Maximum and subordinate expression induction of MaPKSs was apparent respectively against JA and SA treatments. Notably, most MaPKSs achieved their peak expression within 24 h of JA and the total flavonoid content was reached maximum within 24 h of JA/SA elicitations. Considering the homology, phylogeny, and expression levels in each analyzed sample (n = 13), three CHSs, three DCSs along with three CURSs and one ASC were selected as most promising candidates respectively for flavonoids, phenylphenalenones and sporopollenin biosynthesis in banana. Our findings provide a first-line resource to disclose the functions of banana PKSs involved in distinct SMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramanujam Pothiraj
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR National Research Centre for Banana, Tiruchirappalli 620-102, India
| | | | - Backiyarani Suthanthiram
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR National Research Centre for Banana, Tiruchirappalli 620-102, India
| | - Uma Subbaraya
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR National Research Centre for Banana, Tiruchirappalli 620-102, India
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12
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Lin X, Liu Y, Li C. Allylsilane Reagent-Controlled Divergent Asymmetric Catalytic Reactions of 2-Naphthoquinone-1-methide. Chemistry 2020; 26:14173-14180. [PMID: 32815199 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Herein, the first allylsilane reagent-controlled divergent asymmetric Hosomi-Sakurai conjugate allylation and hetero-Diels-Alder (HDA) with 2-naphthoquinone-1-methide (2-Nap-Q-1-M) under the catalysis of ScIII /Feng ligand complex is reported. With these methods, a variety of uniquely substituted chiral allyl-functionalized diaryl compounds and naphthopyran products were obtained in a straightforward and highly stereoselective (up to 96.5:3.5 e.r.) manner under mild conditions. Moreover, it is demonstrated that 2-Nap-Q-1-M can serve as an efficient diene for a side asymmetric Diels-Alder (D-A) reaction. This principle can provide a straightforward access to hydrophenalene in an optically active form, which represents a structural core of various natural products and bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P. R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Can Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
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13
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Barrera J, Patiño E, Otálvaro F. Improved synthesis of natural isomeric naphthoxanthenones. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.151359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Brkljaca R, Dahse HM, Voigt K, Urban S. Antimicrobial Evaluation of the Constituents Isolated From Macropidia fuliginosa (Hook.) Druce. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19884411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Six compounds previously isolated and reported from Macropidia fuliginosa were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against 11 different microbial strains, with all compounds displaying broad spectrum activity. In addition, the compounds were also assessed for their antiproliferative activity and cytotoxicity. Further investigation of M. fuliginosa has led to the discovery of a previously described acenaphthylenediol from the bulbs of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Brkljaca
- School of Science (Applied Chemistry and Environmental Science), RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hans-Martin Dahse
- Department of Infection Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Kerstin Voigt
- Jena Microbial Resource Collection, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Institute of Microbiology, Jena, Germany
| | - Sylvia Urban
- School of Science (Applied Chemistry and Environmental Science), RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Siewert B, Stuppner H. The photoactivity of natural products - An overlooked potential of phytomedicines? PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 60:152985. [PMID: 31257117 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photoactivity, though known for centuries, is only recently shifting back into focus as a treatment option against cancer and microbial infections. The external factor light is the ingenious key-component of this therapy: Since light activates the drug locally, a high level of selectivity is reached and side effects are avoided. The first reported photoactive medicines were plant extracts. Synthetic entities (so-called photosensitizers PSs), however, paved the route towards the clinical approval of the so-called photodynamic therapy (PDT), and thus natural PSs took a backseat in the past. HYPOTHESIS Many isolated bioactive phytochemicals hold a hidden photoactive potential, which is overlooked due to the reduced common awareness of photoactivity. METHODS A systematic review of reported natural PSs and their supposed medicinal application was conducted by employing PubMed, Scifinder, and Web of Science. The identified photoactive natural products were compiled including information about their natural sources, their photoyield, and their pharmacological application. Furthermore, the common chemical scaffolds of natural PS are shown to enable the reader to recognize potentially overlooked natural PSs. RESULTS The literature review revealed over 100 natural PS, excluding porphyrins. The PSs were classified according to their scaffold. Thereby it was shown that some PS-scaffolds were analyzed in a detailed way, while other classes were only scarcely investigated, which leaves space for future discoveries. In addition, the literature revealed that many PSs are phytoalexins, thus the selection of the starting material significantly matters in order to find new PSs. CONCLUSION Photoactive principles are ubiquitous and can be found in various plant extracts. With the increasing availability of light-irradiation setups for the identification of photoactive natural products, we anticipate the discovery of many new natural PSs in the near future. With the accumulation of chemically diverse PSs, PDT itself might finally reach its clinical breakthrough as a promising alternative treatment against multi-resistant microbes and cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianka Siewert
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck, 6020 Austria.
| | - Hermann Stuppner
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck, 6020 Austria
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