1
|
Sun D, Wu S, Martin JP, Tayutivutikul K, Du G, Combs C, Darland DC, Zhao JX. Streamlined synthesis of potential dual-emissive fluorescent silicon quantum dots (SiQDs) for cell imaging. RSC Adv 2023; 13:26392-26405. [PMID: 37671347 PMCID: PMC10476025 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03669c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the current challenges of working with nanomaterials in bioapplications is having a tool that is biocompatible (non-toxic) and produces stable, intense fluorescence for bioimaging. To address these challenges, we have developed a streamlined and one-pot synthetic route for silicon-based quantum dots (SiQDs) using a hydrothermal method. Part of our unique approach for designing the SiQDs was to incorporate (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES), which is an amphipathic molecule with hydroxyl and amine functional groups available for modification. In order to reduce the toxicity of APTES, we chose glucose as a reducing agent for the reaction. The resulting SiQDs produced potent, stable, potential dual-emissive fluorescence emission peaks in the visible and near-infrared (NIR) ranges. Both peaks could be used as distinguishing fluorescence signals for bioimaging, separately or in combination. The physical and optical properties of the SiQDs were determined under a range of environmental conditions. The morphology, surface composition, and electronic structure of the SiQDs were characterized using high resolution-transmission electronic microscopy (HR-TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The stability of the SiQDs was evaluated under a wide range of pHs. The biocompatibility and imaging potential of the SiQDs were tested in microvascular endothelial cells (MVEC), neural stem cells (NSC), and RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The images obtained revealed different subcellular localizations, particularly during cell division, with distinct fluorescence intensities. The results demonstrated that SiQDs are a promising, non-toxic labeling tool for a variety of cell types, with the added advantage of having dual emission peaks both in visible and NIR ranges for bioimaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota Grand Forks ND 58202 USA
| | - Steven Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota Grand Forks ND 58202 USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Dakota Vermillion SD 57069 USA
| | - Jeremy P Martin
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota Grand Forks ND 58202 USA
| | | | - Guodong Du
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota Grand Forks ND 58202 USA
| | - Colin Combs
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota Grand Forks ND 58202 USA
| | - Diane C Darland
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota Grand Forks ND 58202 USA
| | - Julia Xiaojun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota Grand Forks ND 58202 USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li S, Wei J, Yao Q, Song X, Xie J, Yang H. Emerging ultrasmall luminescent nanoprobes for in vivo bioimaging. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:1672-1696. [PMID: 36779305 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00497f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Photoluminescence (PL) imaging has become a fundamental tool in disease diagnosis, therapeutic evaluation, and surgical navigation applications. However, it remains a big challenge to engineer nanoprobes for high-efficiency in vivo imaging and clinical translation. Recent years have witnessed increasing research efforts devoted into engineering sub-10 nm ultrasmall nanoprobes for in vivo PL imaging, which offer the advantages of efficient body clearance, desired clinical translation potential, and high imaging signal-to-noise ratio. In this review, we present a comprehensive summary and contrastive discussion of emerging ultrasmall luminescent nanoprobes towards in vivo PL bioimaging of diseases. We first summarize size-dependent nano-bio interactions and imaging features, illustrating the unique attributes and advantages/disadvantages of ultrasmall nanoprobes differentiating them from molecular and large-sized probes. We also discuss general design methodologies and PL properties of emerging ultrasmall luminescent nanoprobes, which are established based on quantum dots, metal nanoclusters, lanthanide-doped nanoparticles, and silicon nanoparticles. Then, recent advances of ultrasmall luminescent nanoprobes are highlighted by surveying their latest in vivo PL imaging applications. Finally, we discuss existing challenges in this exciting field and propose some strategies to improve in vivo PL bioimaging and further propel their clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shihua Li
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, 1# Xueyuan Road, Quanzhou, Fujian 362801, China.,MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China.
| | - Jing Wei
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China. .,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
| | - Qiaofeng Yao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore. .,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, Fujian 350207, China
| | - Xiaorong Song
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China. .,Fujian Science &Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Jianping Xie
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore. .,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, Fujian 350207, China
| | - Huanghao Yang
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, 1# Xueyuan Road, Quanzhou, Fujian 362801, China.,MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China. .,Fujian Science &Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Furey BJ, Stacy BJ, Shah T, Barba-Barba RM, Carriles R, Bernal A, Mendoza BS, Korgel BA, Downer MC. Two-Photon Excitation Spectroscopy of Silicon Quantum Dots and Ramifications for Bio-Imaging. ACS NANO 2022; 16:6023-6033. [PMID: 35357114 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c11428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Two-photon excitation in the near-infrared (NIR) of colloidal nanocrystalline silicon quantum dots (nc-SiQDs) with photoluminescence also in the NIR has potential opportunities in the field of deep biological imaging. Spectra of the degenerate two-photon absorption (2PA) cross section of colloidal nc-SiQDs are measured using two-photon excitation over a spectral range 1.46 < ℏω < 1.91 eV (wavelength 850 > λ > 650 nm) above the two-photon band gap Eg(QD)/2, and at a representative photon energy ℏω = 0.99 eV (λ = 1250 nm) below this gap. Two-photon excited photoluminescence (2PE-PL) spectra of nc-SiQDs with diameters d = 1.8 ± 0.2 nm and d = 2.3 ± 0.3 nm, each passivated with 1-dodecene and dispersed in toluene, are calibrated in strength against 2PE-PL from a known concentration of Rhodamine B dye in methanol. The 2PA cross section is observed to be smaller for the smaller diameter nanocrystals, and the onset of 2PA is observed to be blue shifted from the two-photon indirect band gap of bulk Si, as expected for quantum confinement of excitons. The efficiencies of nc-SiQDs for bioimaging using 2PE-PL are simulated in various biological tissues and compared to efficiencies of other quantum dots and molecular fluorophores and found to be comparable or superior at greater depths.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J Furey
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway, C1600, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Benjamin J Stacy
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 200 E. Dean Keeton Street, C0400, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Texas Materials Institute, University of Texas at Austin, 204 E. Dean Keeton Street, C2201, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Tushti Shah
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 200 E. Dean Keeton Street, C0400, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Rodrigo M Barba-Barba
- Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica, A.C., Loma del Bosque 115, Colonia Lomas del Campestre, León, Gto. 37150, México
| | - Ramon Carriles
- Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica, A.C., Loma del Bosque 115, Colonia Lomas del Campestre, León, Gto. 37150, México
| | - Alan Bernal
- Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica, A.C., Loma del Bosque 115, Colonia Lomas del Campestre, León, Gto. 37150, México
| | - Bernardo S Mendoza
- Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica, A.C., Loma del Bosque 115, Colonia Lomas del Campestre, León, Gto. 37150, México
| | - Brian A Korgel
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 200 E. Dean Keeton Street, C0400, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Texas Materials Institute, University of Texas at Austin, 204 E. Dean Keeton Street, C2201, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Michael C Downer
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway, C1600, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tian Y, Wei M, Wang L, Hong Y, Luo D, Sha Y. Two-Photon Time-Gated In Vivo Imaging of Dihydrolipoic-Acid-Decorated Gold Nanoclusters. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:7744. [PMID: 34947339 PMCID: PMC8706569 DOI: 10.3390/ma14247744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Due to the unique advantages of two-photon technology and time-resolved imaging technology in the biomedical field, attention has been paid to them. Gold clusters possess excellent physicochemical properties and low biotoxicity, which make them greatly advantageous in biological imaging, especially for in vivo animal imaging. A gold nanocluster was coupled with dihydrolipoic acid to obtain a functionalized nanoprobe; the material displayed significant features, including a large two-photon absorption cross-section (up to 1.59 × 105 GM) and prolonged fluorescence lifetime (>300 ns). The two-photon and time-resolution techniques were used to perform cell imaging and in vivo imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tian
- Department of Biophysics, Single-Molecule and Nanobiology Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (M.W.); (L.W.)
| | - Ming Wei
- Department of Biophysics, Single-Molecule and Nanobiology Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (M.W.); (L.W.)
| | - Lijun Wang
- Department of Biophysics, Single-Molecule and Nanobiology Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (M.W.); (L.W.)
| | - Yuankai Hong
- Department of Biophysics, Single-Molecule and Nanobiology Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (M.W.); (L.W.)
| | - Dan Luo
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yinlin Sha
- Department of Biophysics, Single-Molecule and Nanobiology Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (M.W.); (L.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Skripka A, Mendez-Gonzalez D, Marin R, Ximendes E, Del Rosal B, Jaque D, Rodríguez-Sevilla P. Near infrared bioimaging and biosensing with semiconductor and rare-earth nanoparticles: recent developments in multifunctional nanomaterials. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:6310-6329. [PMID: 36133487 PMCID: PMC9417871 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00502b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Research in novel materials has been extremely active over the past few decades, wherein a major area of interest has been nanoparticles with special optical properties. These structures can overcome some of the intrinsic limitations of contrast agents routinely used in medical practice, while offering additional functionalities. Materials that absorb or scatter near infrared light, to which biological tissues are partially transparent, have attracted significant attention and demonstrated their potential in preclinical research. In this review, we provide an at-a-glance overview of the most recent developments in near infrared nanoparticles that could have far-reaching applications in the life sciences. We focus on materials that offer additional functionalities besides diagnosis based on optical contrast: multiple imaging modalities (multimodal imaging), sensing of physical and chemical cues (multivariate diagnosis), or therapeutic activity (theranostics). Besides presenting relevant case studies for each class of optically active materials, we discuss their design and safety considerations, detailing the potential hurdles that may complicate their clinical translation. While multifunctional nanomaterials have shown promise in preclinical research, the field is still in its infancy; there is plenty of room to maximize its impact in preclinical studies as well as to deliver it to the clinics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Artiom Skripka
- Nanomaterials for Bioimaging Group, Departamento de Física de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid 28049 Spain
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | - Diego Mendez-Gonzalez
- Nanomaterials for Bioimaging Group, Departamento de Física de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid 28049 Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) Ctra. Colmenar km. 9.100 Madrid 28034 Spain
| | - Riccardo Marin
- Nanomaterials for Bioimaging Group, Departamento de Física de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid 28049 Spain
| | - Erving Ximendes
- Nanomaterials for Bioimaging Group, Departamento de Física de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid 28049 Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) Ctra. Colmenar km. 9.100 Madrid 28034 Spain
| | - Blanca Del Rosal
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, School of Science, RMIT University 124 La Trobe St Melbourne VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Daniel Jaque
- Nanomaterials for Bioimaging Group, Departamento de Física de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid 28049 Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) Ctra. Colmenar km. 9.100 Madrid 28034 Spain
| | - Paloma Rodríguez-Sevilla
- Nanomaterials for Bioimaging Group, Departamento de Física de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid 28049 Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Deng Q, Zhu Z, Shu X. Auto-Phase-Locked Time-Resolved Luminescence Detection: Principles, Applications, and Prospects. Front Chem 2020; 8:562. [PMID: 32695750 PMCID: PMC7339960 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Time-resolved luminescence measurement is a useful technique which can eliminate the background signals from scattering and short-lived autofluorescence. However, the relative instruments always require pulsed excitation sources and high-speed detectors. Moreover, the excitation and detecting shutter should be precisely synchronized by electronic phase matching circuitry, leading to expensiveness and high-complexity. To make time-resolved luminescence instruments simple and cheap, the automatic synchronization method was developed by using a mechanical chopper acted as both of the pulse generator and detection shutter. Therefore, the excitation and detection can be synchronized and locked automatically as the optical paths fixed. In this paper, we first introduced the time-resolved luminescence measurements and review the progress and current state of this field. Then, we discussed low-cost time-resolved techniques, especially chopper-based time-resolved luminescence detections. After that, we focused on auto-phase-locked method and some of its meaningful applications, such as time-gated luminescence imaging, spectrometer, and luminescence lifetime detection. Finally, we concluded with a brief outlook for auto-phase-locked time-resolved luminescence detection systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zece Zhu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics & School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuewen Shu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics & School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Canham L. Introductory lecture: origins and applications of efficient visible photoluminescence from silicon-based nanostructures. Faraday Discuss 2020; 222:10-81. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fd00018c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights many spectroscopy-based studies and selected phenomenological studies of silicon-based nanostructures that provide insight into their likely PL mechanisms, and also covers six application areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Canham
- School of Physics and Astronomy
- University of Birmingham
- Birmingham
- UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Biesuz M, Bettotti P, Signorini S, Bortolotti M, Campostrini R, Bahri M, Ersen O, Speranza G, Lale A, Bernard S, Sorarù GD. First synthesis of silicon nanocrystals in amorphous silicon nitride from a preceramic polymer. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:255601. [PMID: 30836334 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab0cc8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report the first synthesis of silicon nanocrystals embedded in a silicon nitride matrix through a direct pyrolysis of a preceramic polymer (perhydropolysilazane). Structural analysis carried out by XRD, XPS, Raman and TEM reveals the formation of silicon quantum dots and correlates the microstructures with the annealing temperature. The photoluminescence of the nanocomposites was investigated by both linear and nonlinear measurements. Furthermore we demonstrate an enhanced chemical resistance of the nitride matrix, compared to the typical oxide one, in both strongly acidic and basic environments. The proposed synthesis via polymer pyrolysis is a striking innovation potentially allowing a mass-scale production nitride embedded Si nanocrystals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Biesuz
- University of Trento, Department of Industrial Engineering, Via Sommarive 9, I-38123 Trento, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chinnathambi S, Shirahata N. Recent advances on fluorescent biomarkers of near-infrared quantum dots for in vitro and in vivo imaging. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2019; 20:337-355. [PMID: 31068983 PMCID: PMC6493278 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2019.1590731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Luminescence probe has been broadly used for bio-imaging applications. Among them, near-infrared (NIR) quantum dots (QDs) are more attractive due to minimal tissue absorbance and larger penetration depth. Above said reasons allowed whole animal imaging without slice scan or dissection. This review describes in vitro and in vivo imaging of NIR QDs in the regions of 650-900 nm (NIR-I) and 1000-1450 nm (NIR-II). Also, we summarize the recent progress in bio-imaging and discuss the future trends of NIR QDs including group II-VI, IV-VI, I-VI, I-III-VI, III-V, and IV semiconductors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanmugavel Chinnathambi
- International Center for Young Scientists, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Naoto Shirahata
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, NIMS, Tsukuba, Japan
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Physics, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ning Y, Chen S, Chen H, Wang JX, He S, Liu YW, Cheng Z, Zhang JL. A proof-of-concept application of water-soluble ytterbium(iii) molecular probes in in vivo NIR-II whole body bioimaging. Inorg Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qi00157c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lanthanide complexes are firstly applied for in vivo NIR-II high resolution whole body bioimaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Ning
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
| | - Si Chen
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS)
- Bio-X Program
- and Department of Radiology
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection
- Stanford University
| | - Hao Chen
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS)
- Bio-X Program
- and Department of Radiology
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection
- Stanford University
| | - Jing-Xiang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
| | - Shuqing He
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS)
- Bio-X Program
- and Department of Radiology
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection
- Stanford University
| | - Yi-Wei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS)
- Bio-X Program
- and Department of Radiology
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection
- Stanford University
| | - Jun-Long Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kajiya D, Saitow KI. Si nanocrystal solution with stability for one year. RSC Adv 2018; 8:41299-41307. [PMID: 35559330 PMCID: PMC9091691 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra08816k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colloidal silicon nanocrystals (SiNCs) are a promising material for next-generation nanostructured devices. High-stability SiNC solutions are required for practical use as well as studies on the properties of SiNC. Here, we show a solution of SiNCs that was stable for one year without aggregation. The stable solution was synthesized by a facile process, i.e., pulsed laser ablation of a Si wafer in isopropyl alcohol (IPA). The long-term stability was due to a large ζ-potential of −50 mV from a SiNC passivation layer composed of oxygen, hydrogen, and alkane groups, according to the results of eight experiments and theoretical calculations. This passivation layer also resulted in good performance as an additive for a conductive polymer film. Namely, a 5-fold enhancement in carrier density was established by the addition of SiNCs into an organic conductive polymer, poly(3-dodecylthiophene), which is useful for solar cells. Furthermore, it was found that fresh (<1 day) and aged (4 months) SiNCs give the same enhancement. The long-term stability was attributed to a great repulsive energy in IPA, whose value was quantified as a function the distance between SiNCs. A stable nanocrystal for one year without aggregation in a liquid is synthesized by one-step, one-pot, and one-hour process.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kajiya
- Natural Science Center for Basic Research and Development (N-BARD)
- Hiroshima University
- Higashi-hiroshima
- Japan
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Ken-ichi Saitow
- Natural Science Center for Basic Research and Development (N-BARD)
- Hiroshima University
- Higashi-hiroshima
- Japan
- Department of Chemistry
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhu Q, Ricci A, Hegde P, Kane M, Cronin E, Merkulov A, Xu Y, Tavakoli B, Tannenbaum S. Assessment of Functional Differences in Malignant and Benign Breast Lesions and Improvement of Diagnostic Accuracy by Using US-guided Diffuse Optical Tomography in Conjunction with Conventional US. Radiology 2016; 280:387-97. [PMID: 26937708 PMCID: PMC4976463 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2016151097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate ultrasonography (US)-guided diffuse optical tomography to distinguish the functional differences of hemoglobin concentrations in a wide range of malignant and benign breast lesions and to improve breast cancer diagnosis in conjunction with conventional US. Materials and Methods The study protocol was approved by the institutional review boards and was HIPAA compliant. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients. Patients (288 women; mean age, 50 years; range, 17-94 years) who underwent US-guided biopsy were imaged with a handheld US and optical probe. The US-imaged lesion was used to guide reconstruction of light absorption maps at four wavelengths, and total hemoglobin (tHb), oxygenated hemoglobin (oxyHb), and deoxygenated hemoglobin (deoxyHb) were computed from the absorption maps. A threshold (80 μmol/L) was chosen on the basis of this study population. Two radiologists retrospectively evaluated US images on the basis of the US Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System lexicon, and a lesion was considered malignant when a score of 4C or 5 was given or a lesion had tHb greater than 80 μmol/L. A two-sample t test was used to calculate significance between groups, and Spearman ρ was computed between hemoglobin parameters and tumor pathologic grades. Results Three tumors were Tis, 37 were T1, 19 were T2-T4 carcinomas, and 233 were benign lesions. The mean maximum tHb, oxyHb, and deoxyHb of Tis-T1 and T2-T4 groups were 89.3 μmol/L ± 20.2 (standard deviation), 65.0 μmol/L ± 20.8, and 33.5 μmol/L ± 11.3, respectively, and 84.7 μmol/L ± 32.8, 57.1 μmol/L ± 19.8, and 34.7 μmol/L ± 18.9, respectively. The corresponding values of benign lesions were 54.1 μmol/L ± 23.5, 38.0 μmol/L ± 17.4, and 25.2 μmol/L ± 13.8, respectively. The mean maximum tHb, oxyHb, and deoxyHb were significantly higher in the malignant groups than the benign group (P <.001, <.001, and .041, respectively). For malignant lesions, the mean maximum tHb moderately correlated with tumor histologic grade and nuclear grade (ρ = 0.283 and 0.315, respectively). The mean maximum oxyHb moderately correlated with tumor nuclear grade (ρ = 0.267). When radiologists' US diagnosis and the tHb were used together, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 96.6%-100%, 77.3%-83.3%, 52.7%-59.4%, and 99.0%-100%, respectively, for the combined malignant group. Conclusion The tHb and oxyHb correlate with breast cancer pathologic grade and can be used as an adjunct to US to improve sensitivity and negative predictive value in breast cancer diagnosis. (©) RSNA, 2016 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quing Zhu
- From the Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering (Q.Z.) and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (Y.X., B.T.), University of Connecticut, 371 Fairfield Rd, U4157, Storrs, CT 06269; Departments of Pathology (A.R.) and Radiology (E.C.), Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Conn; and Department of Pathology (P.H.), Department of Radiology (M.K., A.M.), and Carole & Ray Neag Comprehensive Cancer Center (S.T.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Conn
| | - Andrew Ricci
- From the Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering (Q.Z.) and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (Y.X., B.T.), University of Connecticut, 371 Fairfield Rd, U4157, Storrs, CT 06269; Departments of Pathology (A.R.) and Radiology (E.C.), Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Conn; and Department of Pathology (P.H.), Department of Radiology (M.K., A.M.), and Carole & Ray Neag Comprehensive Cancer Center (S.T.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Conn
| | - Poornima Hegde
- From the Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering (Q.Z.) and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (Y.X., B.T.), University of Connecticut, 371 Fairfield Rd, U4157, Storrs, CT 06269; Departments of Pathology (A.R.) and Radiology (E.C.), Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Conn; and Department of Pathology (P.H.), Department of Radiology (M.K., A.M.), and Carole & Ray Neag Comprehensive Cancer Center (S.T.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Conn
| | - Mark Kane
- From the Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering (Q.Z.) and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (Y.X., B.T.), University of Connecticut, 371 Fairfield Rd, U4157, Storrs, CT 06269; Departments of Pathology (A.R.) and Radiology (E.C.), Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Conn; and Department of Pathology (P.H.), Department of Radiology (M.K., A.M.), and Carole & Ray Neag Comprehensive Cancer Center (S.T.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Conn
| | - Edward Cronin
- From the Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering (Q.Z.) and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (Y.X., B.T.), University of Connecticut, 371 Fairfield Rd, U4157, Storrs, CT 06269; Departments of Pathology (A.R.) and Radiology (E.C.), Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Conn; and Department of Pathology (P.H.), Department of Radiology (M.K., A.M.), and Carole & Ray Neag Comprehensive Cancer Center (S.T.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Conn
| | - Alex Merkulov
- From the Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering (Q.Z.) and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (Y.X., B.T.), University of Connecticut, 371 Fairfield Rd, U4157, Storrs, CT 06269; Departments of Pathology (A.R.) and Radiology (E.C.), Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Conn; and Department of Pathology (P.H.), Department of Radiology (M.K., A.M.), and Carole & Ray Neag Comprehensive Cancer Center (S.T.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Conn
| | - Yan Xu
- From the Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering (Q.Z.) and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (Y.X., B.T.), University of Connecticut, 371 Fairfield Rd, U4157, Storrs, CT 06269; Departments of Pathology (A.R.) and Radiology (E.C.), Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Conn; and Department of Pathology (P.H.), Department of Radiology (M.K., A.M.), and Carole & Ray Neag Comprehensive Cancer Center (S.T.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Conn
| | - Behnoosh Tavakoli
- From the Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering (Q.Z.) and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (Y.X., B.T.), University of Connecticut, 371 Fairfield Rd, U4157, Storrs, CT 06269; Departments of Pathology (A.R.) and Radiology (E.C.), Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Conn; and Department of Pathology (P.H.), Department of Radiology (M.K., A.M.), and Carole & Ray Neag Comprehensive Cancer Center (S.T.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Conn
| | - Susan Tannenbaum
- From the Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering (Q.Z.) and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (Y.X., B.T.), University of Connecticut, 371 Fairfield Rd, U4157, Storrs, CT 06269; Departments of Pathology (A.R.) and Radiology (E.C.), Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Conn; and Department of Pathology (P.H.), Department of Radiology (M.K., A.M.), and Carole & Ray Neag Comprehensive Cancer Center (S.T.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Conn
| |
Collapse
|