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Mura F, Cognigni F, Ferroni M, Morandi V, Rossi M. Advances in Focused Ion Beam Tomography for Three-Dimensional Characterization in Materials Science. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5808. [PMID: 37687502 PMCID: PMC10488958 DOI: 10.3390/ma16175808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Over the years, FIB-SEM tomography has become an extremely important technique for the three-dimensional reconstruction of microscopic structures with nanometric resolution. This paper describes in detail the steps required to perform this analysis, from the experimental setup to the data analysis and final reconstruction. To demonstrate the versatility of the technique, a comprehensive list of applications is also summarized, ranging from batteries to shale rocks and even some types of soft materials. Moreover, the continuous technological development, such as the introduction of the latest models of plasma and cryo-FIB, can open the way towards the analysis with this technique of a large class of soft materials, while the introduction of new machine learning and deep learning systems will not only improve the resolution and the quality of the final data, but also expand the degree of automation and efficiency in the dataset handling. These future developments, combined with a technique that is already reliable and widely used in various fields of research, are certain to become a routine tool in electron microscopy and material characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mura
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Via Antonio Scarpa 14, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Flavio Cognigni
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Via Antonio Scarpa 14, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Matteo Ferroni
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, Section of Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (M.F.); (V.M.)
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering and Mathematics (DICATAM), University of Brescia, Via Branze 43, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Vittorio Morandi
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, Section of Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (M.F.); (V.M.)
| | - Marco Rossi
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Via Antonio Scarpa 14, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (M.R.)
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2
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Calcaterra HA, Zheng CY, Seifert S, Yao Y, Jiang Y, Mirkin CA, Deng J, Lee B. Hints of Growth Mechanism Left in Supercrystals. ACS NANO 2023; 17:15999-16007. [PMID: 37552879 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Supercrystals of DNA-functionalized nanoparticles are visualized in three dimensions using X-ray ptychographic tomography, and their reciprocal spaces are mapped with small-angle X-ray scattering in order to better understand their internal defect structures. X-ray ptychographic tomography reveals various types of defects in an assembly that otherwise exhibits a single crystalline diffraction pattern. On average, supercrystals composed of smaller nanoparticles are smaller in size than supercrystals composed of larger particles. Additionally, supercrystals composed of small nanoparticles are typically aggregated into larger "necklace-like" structures. Within these larger structures, some but not all pairs of connected domains are coherent in their relative orientations. In contrast, supercrystals composed of larger nanoparticles with longer DNA ligands typically form faceted crystals. The combination of these two complementary X-ray techniques reveals that the crystalline assemblies grow by aggregation of smaller assemblies followed by rearrangement of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A Calcaterra
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Cindy Y Zheng
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Soenke Seifert
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yudong Yao
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Yi Jiang
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Chad A Mirkin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Junjing Deng
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Byeongdu Lee
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
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3
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Wang Y, Chen J, Li R, Götz A, Drobek D, Przybilla T, Hübner S, Pelz P, Yang L, Apeleo Zubiri B, Spiecker E, Engel M, Ye X. Controlled Self-Assembly of Gold Nanotetrahedra into Quasicrystals and Complex Periodic Supracrystals. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:17902-17911. [PMID: 37534987 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of shape-anisotropic nanocrystals into large-scale structures is a versatile and scalable approach to creating multifunctional materials. The tetrahedral geometry is ubiquitous in natural and manmade materials, yet regular tetrahedra present a formidable challenge in understanding their self-assembly behavior as they do not tile space. Here, we report diverse supracrystals from gold nanotetrahedra including the quasicrystal (QC) and the dimer packing predicted more than a decade ago and hitherto unknown phases. We solve the complex three-dimensional (3D) structure of the QC by a combination of electron microscopy, tomography, and synchrotron X-ray scattering. Nanotetrahedron vertex sharpness, surface ligands, and assembly conditions work in concert to regulate supracrystal structure. We also discover that the surface curvature of supracrystals can induce structural changes of the QC tiling and eventually, for small supracrystals with high curvature, stabilize a hexagonal approximant. Our findings bridge the gap between computational design and experimental realization of soft matter assemblies and demonstrate the importance of accurate control over nanocrystal attributes and the assembly conditions to realize increasingly complex nanopolyhedron supracrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Ruipeng Li
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Alexander Götz
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, IZNF, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dominik Drobek
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, IZNF, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Przybilla
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, IZNF, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sabine Hübner
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, IZNF, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Pelz
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, IZNF, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lin Yang
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Benjamin Apeleo Zubiri
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, IZNF, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Erdmann Spiecker
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, IZNF, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Engel
- Institute for Multiscale Simulation, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, IZNF, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Xingchen Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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4
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Chen X, Ryan KM, Hines D, Pan L, Du K, Xu S. Three-dimensional visualization of dentine occlusion based on FIB-SEM tomography. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2270. [PMID: 36755136 PMCID: PMC9908942 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29155-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The occlusion of dentinal tubules has become a rapid and effective method for treating dentin hypersensitivity. Accurate evaluation of dentin occlusion is critical to illustrate the efficacy of oral care products and to optimize dental therapy in the clinics, which is limited by the conventional two-dimensional (2-D) characterization methods. Here, we demonstrate the visualization of the dentin occlusion via three-dimensional (3-D) characterization using a focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) tomography. Using the "Slice and View" approach, the material used for occluding dentin tubules is imaged with a very high-resolution voxel (10 nm × 10 nm × 20 nm) from 2-D SEM images and then reconstructed into a 3-D volume, which presents the mode of action of toothpaste for treating dentin hypersensitivity. Meanwhile, quantitative analysis of the depth of occlusion is successfully obtained. This work validates the feasibility of FIB-SEM tomography in the analysis of dentin occlusion within the complicated networks of dentine tubules at the nanoscale, and provides a novel approach to facilitate the research and development of oral care products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinye Chen
- Colgate Technology Center, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.,Microsystems Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - Kaleigh M Ryan
- Colgate Technology Center, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Deon Hines
- Colgate Technology Center, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Long Pan
- Colgate Technology Center, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Ke Du
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92508, USA.
| | - Shiyou Xu
- Colgate Technology Center, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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5
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Mirfendereski S, Park JS. Multiscale nature of electric-field-induced structural formations in non-colloidal suspensions. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:6916-6926. [PMID: 36047429 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00617k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Non-colloidal suspensions undergoing dipolar interactions in an electric field have been extensively studied and are also known as smart materials as they share similarities with electrorheological (ER) fluids. Although the macroscopic responses are well-documented, the multiscale nature of such suspensions is still lacking. In this study, a large-scale Stokesian dynamics simulation is used to investigate the structural formation of such suspensions in an electric field up to highly concentrated regimes across different length scales: from particle-level (microscale) to particle cluster-level (mesoscale) and stress response-level (macroscale). It is observed that at a volume fraction of ϕ ≈ 30%, the steady-state structures are the most isotropic at the microscale, but at the macroscale, their normal stress fields are the most anisotropic. Interestingly, these structures are also the most heterogeneous at both the microscale and mesoscale. Furthermore, the effects of confinement on the multiscale responses are explored, revealing that there could be a strong link between the mesoscale and macroscale. This multiscale nature can offer the potential for precisely controlling or designing ER fluids in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siamak Mirfendereski
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0526, USA.
| | - Jae Sung Park
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0526, USA.
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6
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Lyu J, Chaâbani W, Modin E, Chuvilin A, Bizien T, Smallenburg F, Impéror-Clerc M, Constantin D, Hamon C. Double-Lattice Packing of Pentagonal Gold Bipyramids in Supercrystals with Triclinic Symmetry. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2200883. [PMID: 35324025 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202200883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pentagonal packing is a long-standing issue and a rich mathematical topic, brought to the fore by recent progress in nanoparticle design. Gold pentagonal bipyramids combine fivefold symmetry and anisotropy and their section varies along the length. In this work, colloidal supercrystals of pentagonal gold bipyramids are obtained in a compact arrangement that generalizes the optimal packing of regular pentagons in the plane. Multimodal investigations reveal a two-particle unit cell with triclinic symmetry, a lower symmetry than that of the building blocks. Monte Carlo computer simulations show that this lattice achieves the densest possible packing. Going beyond pentagons, further simulations show an odd-even effect of the number of sides on the packing: odd-sided bipyramids are non-centrosymmetric and require the double-lattice arrangement to recover inversion symmetry. The supercrystals display a facet-dependent optical response that is promising for sensing, metamaterials applications, and for fundamental studies of self-assembly processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieli Lyu
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Wajdi Chaâbani
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Evgeny Modin
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, CIC NanoGUNE BRTA, Tolosa Hiribidea, 76, Donostia - San Sebastian, 20019, Spain
| | - Andrey Chuvilin
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, CIC NanoGUNE BRTA, Tolosa Hiribidea, 76, Donostia - San Sebastian, 20019, Spain
- Basque Foundation of Science, IKERBASQUE, Bilbao, 48013, Spain
| | - Thomas Bizien
- SWING beamline, SOLEIL Synchrotron, Gif-sur-Yvette, 911190, France
| | - Frank Smallenburg
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Marianne Impéror-Clerc
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Doru Constantin
- Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS and Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, 67034, France
| | - Cyrille Hamon
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Orsay, 91405, France
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7
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Mahale P, Lee B, Cheng HY, Segad M, Mallouk TE. Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Analysis of Colloidal Crystals and Replica Materials Made from l-Arginine-Stabilized Silica Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:9398-9407. [PMID: 35134294 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c19193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal crystals made from sub-100 nm silica nanoparticles have provided a versatile platform for the template-assisted synthesis of three-dimensionally interconnected semiconducting, metallic, and magnetic replicas. However, the detailed structure of these materials has not yet been characterized. In this study, we investigated the structures of colloidal crystalline films and germanium replicas by scanning electron microscopy and small angle X-ray scattering. The structures of colloidal crystals made by evaporative assembly depends on the size of l-arginine-capped silica nanoparticles. Particles smaller than ∼31 nm diameter assemble into non-close-packed arrangements (bcc) whereas particles larger than 31 nm assemble into random close-packed structures with disordered hexagonal phase. Polycrystalline films of these materials retain their structures and long-range order upon infiltration at high temperature and pressure, and the structure is preserved in Ge replicas. The shear force during deposition and dispersity of silica nanoparticles contributes to the size-based variation in the structure and to the size of crystal domains in the colloidal crystal films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Mahale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Byeongdu Lee
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Hiu Yan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, Pennsylvania 16801, United States
| | - Mo Segad
- Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, Pennsylvania 16801, United States
| | - Thomas E Mallouk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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8
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Areias LRP, Mariz I, Maçôas E, Farinha JPS. Reflectance Confocal Microscopy: A Powerful Tool for Large Scale Characterization of Ordered/Disordered Morphology in Colloidal Photonic Structures. ACS NANO 2021; 15:11779-11788. [PMID: 34240840 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c02813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The development of appropriate methods to correlate the structure and optical properties of colloidal photonic structures is still a challenge. Structural information is mostly obtained by electron, X-ray, or optical microscopy methods and X-ray diffraction, while bulk spectroscopic methods and low resolution bright-field microscopy are used for optical characterization. Here, we describe the use of reflectance confocal microscopy as a simple and intuitive technique to provide a direct correlation between the ordered/disordered structural morphology of colloidal crystals and glasses, and their corresponding optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurinda R P Areias
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Inês Mariz
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ermelinda Maçôas
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José Paulo S Farinha
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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9
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van der Wee EB, Fokkema J, Kennedy CL, Del Pozo M, de Winter DAM, Speets PNA, Gerritsen HC, van Blaaderen A. 3D test sample for the calibration and quality control of stimulated emission depletion (STED) and confocal microscopes. Commun Biol 2021; 4:909. [PMID: 34302049 PMCID: PMC8302645 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02432-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple samples are required to monitor and optimize the quality and reliability of quantitative measurements of stimulated emission depletion (STED) and confocal microscopes. Here, we present a single sample to calibrate these microscopes, align their laser beams and measure their point spread function (PSF) in 3D. The sample is composed of a refractive index matched colloidal crystal of silica beads with fluorescent and gold cores. The microscopes can be calibrated in three dimensions using the periodicity of the crystal; the alignment of the laser beams can be checked using the reflection of the gold cores; and the PSF can be measured at multiple positions and depths using the fluorescent cores. It is demonstrated how this sample can be used to visualize and improve the quality of STED and confocal microscopy images. The sample is adjustable to meet the requirements of different NA objectives and microscopy techniques and additionally can be used to evaluate refractive index mismatches as a function of depth quantitatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest B van der Wee
- Soft Condensed Matter and Molecular Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Jantina Fokkema
- Soft Condensed Matter and Molecular Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Chris L Kennedy
- Soft Condensed Matter and Molecular Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marc Del Pozo
- Soft Condensed Matter and Molecular Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - D A Matthijs de Winter
- Soft Condensed Matter and Molecular Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Environmental Hydrogeology, Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter N A Speets
- Soft Condensed Matter and Molecular Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Hans C Gerritsen
- Soft Condensed Matter and Molecular Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Alfons van Blaaderen
- Soft Condensed Matter and Molecular Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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10
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Unraveling Structural Details in Ga-Pd SCALMS Systems Using Correlative Nano-CT, 360° Electron Tomography and Analytical TEM. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11070810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a comprehensive structural and analytical characterization of the highly promising supported catalytically active liquid metal solutions (SCALMS) system. This novel catalyst shows excellent performance for alkane dehydrogenation, especially in terms of resistance to coking. SCALMS consists of a porous support containing catalytically active low-melting alloy particles (e.g., Ga-Pd) featuring a complex structure, which are liquid at reaction temperature. High-resolution 3D characterization at various length scales is required to reveal the complex pore morphology and catalytically active sites’ location. Nano X-ray computed tomography (nano-CT) in combination with electron tomography (ET) enables nondestructive and scale-bridging 3D materials research. We developed and applied a correlative approach using nano-CT, 360°-ET and analytical transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to decipher the morphology, distribution and chemical composition of the Ga-Pd droplets of the SCALMS system over several length scales. Utilizing ET-based segmentations of nano-CT reconstructions, we are able to reliably reveal the homogenous porous support network with embedded Ga-Pd droplets featuring a nonhomogenous elemental distribution of Ga and Pd. In contrast, large Ga-Pd droplets with a high Ga/Pd ratio are located on the surface of SCALMS primary particles, whereas the droplet size and the Ga/Pd ratio decreases while advancing into the porous volume. Our studies reveal new findings about the complex structure of SCALMS which are required to understand its superior catalytic performance. Furthermore, advancements in lab-based nano-CT imaging are presented by extending the field of view (FOV) of a single experiment via a multiple region-of-interest (ROI) stitching approach.
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11
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Zhang Z, Yi G, Li P, Zhang X, Wan Z, Wang X, Zhang C, Zhang Y. Recent Advances in Binary Colloidal Crystals for Photonics and Porous Material Fabrication. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:6012-6022. [PMID: 34038121 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c03349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the past few years, binary colloidal crystals (BCCs) composed of both large and small particles have attracted considerable attention from the scientific community as an exciting alternative to single colloidal crystals (SCCs). In particular, more complex structures with diverse nanotopographies and desirable optical properties of BCCs can be obtained by various colloidal assembly methods, as compared to SCCs. Furthermore, high accuracy in crystal growth with controllable stoichiometries allows for a great deal of promising applications in the fields of both interfacial and material sciences. The visible-light diffraction property of BCCs is more superior than that of SCCs, which makes them have more promising applications in the fabrication of photonic crystals with full band gaps. On the other hand, their spherical shapes and ease of removal property make them ideal templates for ordered porous material fabrication. Hence, this perspective outlined recent advances in assembly approaches of BCCs, with an emphasis on their promising applications for advanced photonics and multifunctional porous material fabrication. Eventually, some challenging yet important issues and some future perspectives are further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengting Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China.,State Collaborative Innovation Center of Coal Work Safety and Clean-Efficiency Utilization, Jiaozuo 454003, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Coal Green Conversion, Jiaozuo 454003, China
| | - Guiyun Yi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China.,State Collaborative Innovation Center of Coal Work Safety and Clean-Efficiency Utilization, Jiaozuo 454003, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Coal Green Conversion, Jiaozuo 454003, China
| | - Peng Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China.,State Collaborative Innovation Center of Coal Work Safety and Clean-Efficiency Utilization, Jiaozuo 454003, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Coal Green Conversion, Jiaozuo 454003, China
| | - Xiuxiu Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China.,State Collaborative Innovation Center of Coal Work Safety and Clean-Efficiency Utilization, Jiaozuo 454003, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Coal Green Conversion, Jiaozuo 454003, China
| | - Zhuoyan Wan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China.,State Collaborative Innovation Center of Coal Work Safety and Clean-Efficiency Utilization, Jiaozuo 454003, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Coal Green Conversion, Jiaozuo 454003, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China.,State Collaborative Innovation Center of Coal Work Safety and Clean-Efficiency Utilization, Jiaozuo 454003, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Coal Green Conversion, Jiaozuo 454003, China
| | - Chuanxiang Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China.,State Collaborative Innovation Center of Coal Work Safety and Clean-Efficiency Utilization, Jiaozuo 454003, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Coal Green Conversion, Jiaozuo 454003, China
| | - Yulong Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China.,State Collaborative Innovation Center of Coal Work Safety and Clean-Efficiency Utilization, Jiaozuo 454003, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Coal Green Conversion, Jiaozuo 454003, China
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12
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van
der Hoeven JES, Deng TS, Albrecht W, Olthof LA, van Huis MA, de Jongh PE, van Blaaderen A. Structural Control over Bimetallic Core-Shell Nanorods for Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:7034-7046. [PMID: 33748617 PMCID: PMC7970553 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c06321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bimetallic nanorods are important colloidal nanoparticles for optical applications, sensing, and light-enhanced catalysis due to their versatile plasmonic properties. However, tuning the plasmonic resonances is challenging as it requires a simultaneous control over the particle shape, shell thickness, and morphology. Here, we show that we have full control over these parameters by performing metal overgrowth on gold nanorods within a mesoporous silica shell, resulting in Au-Ag, Au-Pd, and Au-Pt core-shell nanorods with precisely tunable plasmonic properties. The metal shell thickness was regulated via the precursor concentration and reaction time in the metal overgrowth. Control over the shell morphology was achieved via a thermal annealing, enabling a transition from rough nonepitaxial to smooth epitaxial Pd shells while retaining the anisotropic rod shape. The core-shell synthesis was successfully scaled up from micro- to milligrams, by controlling the kinetics of the metal overgrowth via the pH. By carefully tuning the structure, we optimized the plasmonic properties of the bimetallic core-shell nanorods for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. The Raman signal was the most strongly enhanced by the Au core-Ag shell nanorods, which we explain using finite-difference time-domain calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessi E. S. van
der Hoeven
- Soft
Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials
Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Inorganic
Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute
for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tian-Song Deng
- Soft
Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials
Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wiebke Albrecht
- Soft
Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials
Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Liselotte A. Olthof
- Inorganic
Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute
for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marijn A. van Huis
- Soft
Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials
Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Petra E. de Jongh
- Inorganic
Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute
for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alfons van Blaaderen
- Soft
Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials
Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
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13
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Xu X, Biesheuvel PM, Cölfen H, Spruijt E. Layering of bidisperse charged nanoparticles in sedimentation. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:4718-4722. [PMID: 32400820 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00588f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bidisperse mixtures of charged nanoparticles form separate layers upon centrifugation as a result of minimization of the system's free energy in sedimentation-diffusion equilibrium. Different factors were investigated experimentally for their effects on the layering, and are supported by theoretical calculations of the full sedimentation profiles. Surprisingly, lighter/smaller nanoparticles can even sink below heavier/larger ones when the particle surface charge is carefully tuned. This study provides deeper insights into the control of layering in polydisperse particle mixtures during sedimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Xu
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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14
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Lotito V, Zambelli T. A Journey Through the Landscapes of Small Particles in Binary Colloidal Assemblies: Unveiling Structural Transitions from Isolated Particles to Clusters upon Variation in Composition. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E921. [PMID: 31248053 PMCID: PMC6669769 DOI: 10.3390/nano9070921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) amorphous binary colloidal assemblies composed of particles of two different sizes are characterized by the loss of hexagonal close-packing for larger particles, occurring when the size ratio between small (S) and large (L) particles dSdL exceeds a certain threshold value. For moderately low particle number ratios NSNL large particles still retain a denser arrangement with transitions from hexagonal symmetry to the coexistence of different types of symmetries as NSNL progressively departs from 0 to higher values. On the other hand, small particles reveal sparser arrangements: shape identification and quantification of structural transitions in small particle arrangements appear particularly challenging. In this article, we investigate their shapes and transitions for amorphous binary colloidal particles assembled at the air/water interface. For the quantitative characterization of the evolution in particle arrangements for NSNL variable between 0.5 and 2, we develop an innovative procedure for morphological analysis, combining Minkowski functionals, Voronoi diagrams and ad hoc techniques to recognize and classify specific features. Such a powerful approach has revealed a wide variety of landscapes featuring isolated particles, dimers, chains, small clusters evolving with the colloidal suspension composition. Our method can be applied to the analysis of spatial configurations of sparse colloidal patterns obtained in different conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Lotito
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Tomaso Zambelli
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
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