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Zhang N, Yan J, Wang L, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Miao T, Zheng C, Jiang Z, Hu H, Zhong Z. Hexagonal-Ge Nanostructures with Direct-Bandgap Emissions in a Si-Based Light-Emitting Metasurface. ACS NANO 2024; 18:328-336. [PMID: 38147566 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Si-based emitters have been of great interest as an ideal light source for monolithic optical-electronic integrated circuits (MOEICs) on Si substrates. However, the general Si-based material is a diamond structure of cubic lattice with an indirect band gap, which cannot emit light efficiently. Here, hexagonal-Ge (H-Ge) nanostructures within a light-emitting metasurface consisting of a cubic-SiGe nanodisk array are reported. The H-Ge nanostructure is naturally formed within the cubic-Ge epitaxially grown on Si (001) substrates due to the strain-induced nanoscale crystal structure transformation assisted by far-from-equilibrium growth conditions. The direct-bandgap features of H-Ge nanostructures are observed and discussed, including a rather strong and linearly power-dependent photoluminescence (PL) peak around 1562 nm at room temperature and temperature-insensitive PL spectrum near room temperature. Given the direct-bandgap nature, the heterostructure of H-Ge/C-Ge, and the compatibility with the sophisticated Si technology, the H-Ge nanostructure has great potential for innovative light sources and other functional devices, particularly in Si-based MOEICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Analog Integrated Circuits and Systems, Ministry of Education, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, P. R. China
| | - Jia Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Liming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analog Integrated Circuits and Systems, Ministry of Education, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, P. R. China
| | - Jiarui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Zhifang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Tian Miao
- Key Laboratory of Analog Integrated Circuits and Systems, Ministry of Education, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, P. R. China
| | - Changlin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Zuimin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Huiyong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Analog Integrated Circuits and Systems, Ministry of Education, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyang Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
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2
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Yun Q, Ge Y, Shi Z, Liu J, Wang X, Zhang A, Huang B, Yao Y, Luo Q, Zhai L, Ge J, Peng Y, Gong C, Zhao M, Qin Y, Ma C, Wang G, Wa Q, Zhou X, Li Z, Li S, Zhai W, Yang H, Ren Y, Wang Y, Li L, Ruan X, Wu Y, Chen B, Lu Q, Lai Z, He Q, Huang X, Chen Y, Zhang H. Recent Progress on Phase Engineering of Nanomaterials. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37962496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
As a key structural parameter, phase depicts the arrangement of atoms in materials. Normally, a nanomaterial exists in its thermodynamically stable crystal phase. With the development of nanotechnology, nanomaterials with unconventional crystal phases, which rarely exist in their bulk counterparts, or amorphous phase have been prepared using carefully controlled reaction conditions. Together these methods are beginning to enable phase engineering of nanomaterials (PEN), i.e., the synthesis of nanomaterials with unconventional phases and the transformation between different phases, to obtain desired properties and functions. This Review summarizes the research progress in the field of PEN. First, we present representative strategies for the direct synthesis of unconventional phases and modulation of phase transformation in diverse kinds of nanomaterials. We cover the synthesis of nanomaterials ranging from metal nanostructures such as Au, Ag, Cu, Pd, and Ru, and their alloys; metal oxides, borides, and carbides; to transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and 2D layered materials. We review synthesis and growth methods ranging from wet-chemical reduction and seed-mediated epitaxial growth to chemical vapor deposition (CVD), high pressure phase transformation, and electron and ion-beam irradiation. After that, we summarize the significant influence of phase on the various properties of unconventional-phase nanomaterials. We also discuss the potential applications of the developed unconventional-phase nanomaterials in different areas including catalysis, electrochemical energy storage (batteries and supercapacitors), solar cells, optoelectronics, and sensing. Finally, we discuss existing challenges and future research directions in PEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinbai Yun
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering & Energy Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yiyao Ge
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhenyu Shi
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiawei Liu
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 627833, Singapore
| | - Xixi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - An Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Biao Huang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qinxin Luo
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Zhai
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jingjie Ge
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Yongwu Peng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Chengtao Gong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Meiting Zhao
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yutian Qin
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chen Ma
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qingbo Wa
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xichen Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zijian Li
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Siyuan Li
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Zhai
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yongji Wang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lujing Li
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinyang Ruan
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuxuan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qipeng Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhuangchai Lai
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qiyuan He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (SoFE), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
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Vinokurov A, Popelensky V, Bubenov S, Kononov N, Cherednichenko K, Kuznetsova T, Dorofeev S. Recrystallization of Si Nanoparticles in Presence of Chalcogens: Improved Electrical and Optical Properties. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8842. [PMID: 36556648 PMCID: PMC9787536 DOI: 10.3390/ma15248842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanocrystals of Si doped with S, Se and Te were synthesized by annealing them in chalcogen vapors in a vacuum at a high temperature range from 800 to 850 °C. The influence of the dopant on the structure and morphology of the particles and their optical and electrical properties was studied. In the case of all three chalcogens, the recrystallization of Si was observed, and XRD peaks characteristic of noncubic Si phases were found by means of electronic diffraction for Si doped with S and Se. Moreover, in presence of S and Te, crystalline rods with six-sided and four-sided cross-sections, respectively, were formed, their length reaching hundreds of μm. Samples with sulfur and selenium showed high conductivity compared to the undoped material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Vinokurov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1–3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim Popelensky
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1–3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergei Bubenov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1–3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay Kononov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Vavilov, 38, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill Cherednichenko
- Department of Colloidal and Physical Chemistry, Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas, Leninsky Avenue, 65, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatyana Kuznetsova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1–3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Dorofeev
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1–3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Wenzel O, Rein V, Hugenschmidt M, Schilling F, Feldmann C, Gerthsen D. Impact of synthesis conditions on the morphology and crystal structure of tungsten nitride nanomaterials. RSC Adv 2021; 11:28198-28210. [PMID: 35480759 PMCID: PMC9038014 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04448f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanocrystalline tungsten nitride (WNx) aggregates and nanosheets are synthesized with a new alkylamine-based synthesis strategy for potential applications in nanoelectronics and catalysis. These applications preferentially require crystalline materials with controlled morphology, which has been rarely demonstrated for WNx nanomaterials in the past. In the synthesis approach presented in this work, the morphology of nanoscale WNx is controlled by long-chained amines that form lyotropic or lamellar phases depending on the surfactant concentration. The structural and chemical properties of the WNx nanomaterials are studied in detail using different electron microscopic techniques in combination with electron spectroscopic analyses. Material synthesis and sample preparation for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed in an argon atmosphere (Schlenk line and glovebox). The samples were inserted into the electron microscope via an air-tight TEM transfer holder to protect the material from hydrolysis and oxidation. From the lyotropic phase nanocrystalline WNx aggregates were obtained, which consist of 2.4 ± 0.8 nm small crystallites of the cubic WNx phase with a composition of WN0.7. The lamellar phase with a higher surfactant concentration yields WNx nanosheets with lateral dimensions up to 500 nm and a mean thickness of 2.1 ± 1.1 nm. The nanosheets are N rich with a composition WN1.7–3.7 and occur in the hexagonal crystal structure. The nanosheets are often stacked on top of one another with frequent rotations of 4–6° around the hexagonal c axis, thereby forming commensurate interface structures between nanosheets. High stacking-fault densities and signs of nanotwins can be repeatedly observed in WNx nanosheets. Nanocrystalline tungsten nitride (WNx) aggregates and nanosheets are synthesized with a new alkylamine-based synthesis strategy for potential applications in nanoelectronics and catalysis.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Wenzel
- Laboratory for Electron Microscopy (LEM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 7, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Viktor Rein
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry (AOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Milena Hugenschmidt
- Laboratory for Electron Microscopy (LEM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 7, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- 3DMM2O – Cluster of Excellence (EXC-2082/1 – 390761711), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Frank Schilling
- Institute of Applied Geosciences (AGW), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20b, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Claus Feldmann
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry (AOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Dagmar Gerthsen
- Laboratory for Electron Microscopy (LEM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 7, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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