1
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Purić E, Nilsson UJ, Anderluh M. Galectin-8 inhibition and functions in immune response and tumor biology. Med Res Rev 2024. [PMID: 38613488 DOI: 10.1002/med.22041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Galectins are among organisms' most abundantly expressed lectins (carbohydrate-binding proteins) that specifically bind β-galactosides. They act not only outside the cell, where they bind to extracellular matrix glycans, but also inside the cell, where they have a significant impact on signaling pathways. Galectin-8 is a galectin family protein encoded by the LGALS8 gene. Its role is evident in both T- and B-cell immunity and in the innate immune response, where it acts directly on dendritic cells and induces some pro-inflammatory cytokines. Galectin-8 also plays an important role in the defense against bacterial and viral infections. It is known to promote antibacterial autophagy by recognizing and binding glycans present on the vacuolar membrane, thus acting as a danger receptor. The most important role of galectin-8 is the regulation of cancer growth, metastasis, tumor progression, and tumor cell survival. Importantly, the expression of galectins is typically higher in tumor tissues than in noncancerous tissues. In this review article, we focus on galectin-8 and its function in immune response, microbial infections, and cancer. Given all of these functions of galectin-8, we emphasize the importance of developing new and selective galectin-8 inhibitors and report the current status of their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edvin Purić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ulf J Nilsson
- Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marko Anderluh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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2
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Koley M, Han J, Soloshonok VA, Mojumder S, Javahershenas R, Makarem A. Latest developments in coumarin-based anticancer agents: mechanism of action and structure-activity relationship studies. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:10-54. [PMID: 38283214 PMCID: PMC10809357 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00511a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Many researchers around the world are working on the development of novel anticancer drugs with different mechanisms of action. In this case, coumarin is a highly promising pharmacophore for the development of novel anticancer drugs. Besides, the hybridization of this moiety with other anticancer pharmacophores has emerged as a potent breakthrough in the treatment of cancer to decrease its side effects and increase its efficiency. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent development of coumarin derivatives and their application as novel anticancer drugs. Herein, we highlight and describe the largest number of research works reported in this field from 2015 to August 2023, along with their mechanisms of action and structure-activity relationship studies, making this review different from the other review articles published on this topic to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manankar Koley
- CSIR-Central Glass & Ceramic Research Institute Kolkata India
| | - Jianlin Han
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
| | - Vadim A Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, University of the Basque Country San Sebastián Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science Bilbao Spain
| | | | - Ramin Javahershenas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University Urmia Iran
| | - Ata Makarem
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Hamburg Hamburg Germany
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3
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Mann A, Wang C, Dumlao BL, Weck M. Functionalized [2.2]Paracyclophanedienes as Monomers for Poly( p-phenylenevinylene)s. ACS Macro Lett 2024:112-117. [PMID: 38190696 PMCID: PMC10883051 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Poly(p-phenylenevinylene)s (PPVs) featuring complex side-chains, to date, have only been synthesized by nonliving polymerization methods which have no control over PPV molecular weights, dispersities, or end groups. [2.2]Paracyclophane-1,9-diene (pCpd) has gained attention as a monomer for its ability to be ring-opened to PPV in a living fashion. pCpd, an organic cyclic scaffold with planar chirality, has seen minimal structural diversity due to the harsh reaction conditions required to afford the highly strained compound. Herein, we introduce a general method to overcome this by targeting the synthesis of a monohydroxy-pCpd via mono-demethylation of a dialkoxy-pCpd. The monohydroxy-pCpd can then be functionalized easily, which we demonstrate using three distinct side-chains with four moieties commonly incorporated in conjugated polymers: an alkyl bromide, an oligo(ethylene glycol) chain, an enantiomerically pure side-chain, and a Boc-protected amine. These monofunctionalized-pCpds were investigated as monomers in the ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) to afford functionalized PPVs in a living manner. The functional-group-containing PPVs are synthesized with full control over their end groups, repeat units, and dispersities. The feasibility of post-polymerization modifications to incorporate any desired moiety to PPV fabricated by this method was demonstrated using an azide-alkyne click reaction. All synthesized PPVs were soluble in organic solvents and display the same fluorescent emission, indicating their conjugated backbones are unaltered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle Mann
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Chengyuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Bianca L Dumlao
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Marcus Weck
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
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4
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Zhang H, Wang X, Wan Y, Liu L, Zhou J, Li P, Xu B. Discovery of N-Arylsulfonyl-Indole-2-Carboxamide Derivatives as Galectin-3 and Galectin-8 C-Terminal Domain Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:1257-1265. [PMID: 37736168 PMCID: PMC10510525 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Both galectin-3 and galectin-8 are involved in cell adhesion, migration, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and inflammatory processes by recognizing galactose-containing glycoproteins. Inhibiting galectin-3/8 activities is a potential treatment for cancer and tissue fibrosis. Herein, a series of novel N-arylsulfonyl-5-aryloxy-indole-2-carboxamide derivatives was disclosed as dual inhibitors toward galectin-3 and galectin-8 C-terminal domain with Kd values of low micromolar level (Cpd53, gal-3: Kd= 4.12 μM, gal-8C: Kd= 6.04 μM; Cpd57, gal-3: Kd= 12.8 μM, gal-8C: Kd= 2.06 μM), which are the most potent and selective noncarbohydrate-based inhibitors toward gal-3/8 isoforms to date. The molecular docking investigations suggested that the unique amino acids Arg144 in galectin-3 and Ser213 in galectin-8C could contribute to their potency and selectivity. The scratch wound assay demonstrated that Cpd53 and Cpd57 were able to inhibit the MRC-5 lung fibroblast cells migration as well. This class of inhibitors could serve as a new starting point for further discovering structurally distinct gal-3 and gal-8C inhibitors to be used in cancer and tissue fibrosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoming Zhang
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation,
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy
of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation,
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy
of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yanjun Wan
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines,
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy
of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Diabetes
Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
- CAMS
Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Target Discovery of Metabolic
Disorder and Tumorigenesis, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Liheng Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines,
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy
of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Diabetes
Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
- CAMS
Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Target Discovery of Metabolic
Disorder and Tumorigenesis, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation,
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy
of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Pingping Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines,
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy
of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Diabetes
Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
- CAMS
Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Target Discovery of Metabolic
Disorder and Tumorigenesis, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Bailing Xu
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation,
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy
of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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5
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van Klaveren S, Dernovšek J, Jakopin Ž, Anderluh M, Leffler H, Nilsson UJ, Tomašič T. Design and synthesis of novel 3-triazolyl-1-thiogalactosides as galectin-1, -3 and -8 inhibitors. RSC Adv 2022; 12:18973-18984. [PMID: 35873334 PMCID: PMC9245910 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03163a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins are galactoside-binding proteins that play a role in various pathophysiological conditions, making them attractive targets in drug discovery. We have designed and synthesised a focused library of aromatic 3-triazolyl-1-thiogalactosides targeting their core site for binding of galactose and a subsite on its non-reducing side. Evaluation of their binding affinities for galectin-1, -3, and -8N identified acetamide-based compound 36 as a suitable compound for further affinity enhancement by adding groups at the reducing side of the galactose. Synthesis of its dichlorothiophenyl analogue 59 and the thiodigalactoside analogue 62 yielded promising pan-galectin inhibitors. A new series of potent galectin ligands based on the galactose and triazole moieties was designed and synthesised.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjors van Klaveren
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Aškerčeva cesta 7 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia .,Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University SE-221 00 Lund Sweden
| | - Jaka Dernovšek
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Aškerčeva cesta 7 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Žiga Jakopin
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Aškerčeva cesta 7 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Marko Anderluh
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Aškerčeva cesta 7 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section MIG, Lund University BMC-C1228b Klinikgatan 28 221 84 Lund Sweden
| | - Ulf J Nilsson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University SE-221 00 Lund Sweden
| | - Tihomir Tomašič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Aškerčeva cesta 7 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
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6
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Simonetti SO, Kaufman TS, Larghi EL. Conjugation of Carbohydrates with Quinolines: A Powerful Synthetic Tool. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián O. Simonetti
- Instituto de Química Rosario: Instituto de Quimica Rosario Química Orgánica Suipacha 531 S2002LRK Rosario ARGENTINA
| | - Teodoro S. Kaufman
- Instituto de Química Rosario: Instituto de Quimica Rosario Química Orgánica Suipacha 531 S2002LRK Rosario ARGENTINA
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7
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Yong C, Li Y, Bi T, Chen G, Zheng D, Wang Z, Zhang Y. Research Progress on the Synthesis and Activity of D-Galactose Derived Small Galectin Inhibitors. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202110036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Hassan M, Baussière F, Guzelj S, Sundin AP, Håkansson M, Kovačič R, Leffler H, Tomašič T, Anderluh M, Jakopin Ž, Nilsson UJ. Structure-Guided Design of d-Galactal Derivatives with High Affinity and Selectivity for the Galectin-8 N-Terminal Domain. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:1745-1752. [PMID: 34795863 PMCID: PMC8592027 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-8 is a carbohydrate-binding protein that plays a crucial role in tumor progression and metastasis, antibacterial autophagy, modulation of the immune system, and bone remodeling. The design, synthesis, and protein affinity evaluation of a set of C-3 substituted benzimidazole and quinoline d-galactal derivatives identified a d-galactal-benzimidazole hybrid as a selective ligand for the galectin-8 N-terminal domain (galectin-8N), with a K d of 48 μM and 15-fold selectivity over galectin-3 and even better selectivity over the other mammalian galectins. X-ray structural analysis of galectin-8N in complex with one benzimidazole- and one quinoline-galactal derivative at 1.52 and 2.1 Å together with molecular dynamics simulations and quantum mechanical calculations of galectin-8N in complex with the benzimidazole derivative revealed orbital overlap between a NH LUMO of Arg45 with electron rich HOMOs of the olefin and O4 of the d-galactal. Such overlap is hypothesized to contribute to the high affinity of the d-galactal-derived ligands for galectin-8N. A (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3- carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) (MTS) assay evaluation of the d-galactal-benzimidazole hybrid and an analogous galactoside derivative on a panel of cell lines with MTS assay showed no effect on cell viability up to 100 μM concentration. A subsequent functional assay using the MDA-MB-231 cell line demonstrated that the d-galactal-benzimidazole hybrid and the analogous galactoside derivative reduced the secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8 in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, these compounds represent potential probes for galectin-8N pharmacology investigations and possibly promising leads for the design and synthesis of potent and selective galectin-8 inhibitors as potential antitumor and anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujtaba Hassan
- Centre
for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Floriane Baussière
- Centre
for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Samo Guzelj
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anders P. Sundin
- Centre
for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Håkansson
- SARomics
Biostructures AB, Medicon
Village, SE-223 63 Lund, Sweden
| | - Rebeka Kovačič
- SARomics
Biostructures AB, Medicon
Village, SE-223 63 Lund, Sweden
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine, Section MIG, Lund
University BMC-C1228b, Klinikgatan 28, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Tihomir Tomašič
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Anderluh
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Žiga Jakopin
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ulf J. Nilsson
- Centre
for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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9
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Girardi B, Manna M, Van Klaveren S, Tomašič T, Jakopin Ž, Leffler H, Nilsson UJ, Ricklin D, Mravljak J, Schwardt O, Anderluh M. Selective Monovalent Galectin-8 Ligands Based on 3-Lactoylgalactoside. ChemMedChem 2021; 17:e202100514. [PMID: 34613662 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-8 has gained attention as a potential new pharmacological target for the treatment of various diseases, including cancer, inflammation, and disorders associated with bone mass reduction. To that end, new molecular probes are needed in order to better understand its role and its functions. Herein we aimed to improve the affinity and target selectivity of a recently published galectin-8 ligand, 3-O-[1-carboxyethyl]-β-d-galactopyranoside, by introducing modifications at positions 1 and 3 of the galactose. Affinity data measured by fluorescence polarization show that the most potent compound reached a KD of 12 μM. Furthermore, reasonable selectivity versus other galectins was achieved, making the highlighted compound a promising lead for the development of new selective and potent ligands for galectin-8 as molecular probes to examine the protein's role in cell-based and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Girardi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Askerčeva cesta, 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martina Manna
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Askerčeva cesta, 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sjors Van Klaveren
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Askerčeva cesta, 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Centre for Analysis and Synthesis - Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tihomir Tomašič
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Askerčeva cesta, 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Žiga Jakopin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Askerčeva cesta, 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis - Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulf J Nilsson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis - Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel Ricklin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Janez Mravljak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Askerčeva cesta, 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Oliver Schwardt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marko Anderluh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Askerčeva cesta, 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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10
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Hassan M, van Klaveren S, Håkansson M, Diehl C, Kovačič R, Baussière F, Sundin AP, Dernovšek J, Walse B, Zetterberg F, Leffler H, Anderluh M, Tomašič T, Jakopin Ž, Nilsson UJ. Benzimidazole-galactosides bind selectively to the Galectin-8 N-Terminal domain: Structure-based design and optimisation. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 223:113664. [PMID: 34225180 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We have obtained the X-ray crystal structure of the galectin-8 N-terminal domain (galectin-8N) with a previously reported quinoline-galactoside ligand at a resolution of 1.6 Å. Based on this X-ray structure, a collection of galactosides derivatised at O3 with triazole, benzimidazole, benzothiazole, and benzoxazole moieties were designed and synthesised. This led to the discovery of a 3-O-(N-methylbenzimidazolylmethyl)-galactoside with a Kd of 1.8 μM for galectin-8N, the most potent selective synthetic galectin-8N ligand to date. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that benzimidazole-galactoside derivatives bind the non-conserved amino acid Gln47, accounting for the higher selectivity for galectin-8N. Galectin-8 is a carbohydrate-binding protein that plays a key role in pathological lymphangiogenesis, modulation of the immune system, and autophagy. Thus, the benzimidazole-derivatised galactosides represent promising compounds for studies of the pathological implications of galectin-8, as well as a starting point for the development of anti-tumour and anti-inflammatory therapeutics targeting galectin-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujtaba Hassan
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden; University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sjors van Klaveren
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden; University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maria Håkansson
- SARomics Biostructures AB, Medicon Village, SE-223 81, Lund, Sweden
| | - Carl Diehl
- SARomics Biostructures AB, Medicon Village, SE-223 81, Lund, Sweden
| | - Rebeka Kovačič
- SARomics Biostructures AB, Medicon Village, SE-223 81, Lund, Sweden
| | - Floriane Baussière
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders P Sundin
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jaka Dernovšek
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Björn Walse
- SARomics Biostructures AB, Medicon Village, SE-223 81, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Zetterberg
- Galecto Biotech AB, Sahlgrenska Science Park, Medicinaregatan 8 A, SE-413 46, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section MIG, Lund University BMC-C1228b, Klinikgatan 28, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marko Anderluh
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tihomir Tomašič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Žiga Jakopin
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ulf J Nilsson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
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11
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Krautter F, Iqbal AJ. Glycans and Glycan-Binding Proteins as Regulators and Potential Targets in Leukocyte Recruitment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:624082. [PMID: 33614653 PMCID: PMC7890243 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.624082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte recruitment is a highly controlled cascade of interactions between proteins expressed by the endothelium and circulating leukocytes. The involvement of glycans and glycan-binding proteins in the leukocyte recruitment cascade has been well-characterised. However, our understanding of these interactions and their regulation has expanded substantially in recent years to include novel lectins and regulatory pathways. In this review, we discuss the role of glycans and glycan-binding proteins, mediating the interactions between endothelium and leukocytes both directly and indirectly. We also highlight recent findings of key enzymes involved in glycosylation which affect leukocyte recruitment. Finally, we investigate the potential of glycans and glycan binding proteins as therapeutic targets to modulate leukocyte recruitment and transmigration in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Krautter
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Asif J Iqbal
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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12
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Goud NS, Ghouse MS, Nagaraju C, Bharath RD, Alvala M, Kumar P. Automated Radiosynthesis and Molecular Docking Studies of Coumarin-Triazole Hybrid with fluorine-18: A feasibility study. Curr Radiopharm 2021; 15:40-49. [PMID: 33511934 DOI: 10.2174/1874471014666210129141221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fluorine-18 is one of the promising radiotracers that can report target specific information related to its physiology to understand the disease status through PET modality. In current study, the radiochemical synthesis, purification and molecular docking studies of fluorine-18 (18F) radiolabeled coumarin-triazole hybrid have been performed. OBJECTIVE To develop target specific fluorine-18 radiotracer for the diagnosis in oncology. METHODS GE Tracer-lab FX2N module with few modifications in the line connections was used for the radiosynthesis and purification of target molecule [18F]SG-2, 4-((2,6-dimethylmorpholino) methyl)-7-((1-(4-(fluoro-18F) benzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl) oxy)-2H-chromen-2-one, through the nucleophilic radiofluorination mechanism. The radiochemical purity was measured by HPLC, and TLC analytical methods. The kryptofix levels were also evaluated by using TLC method. The residual solvents like DMF, ethanol was measured using GC. The Schrödinger drug discovery suite 2018 was used to study the protein and ligand interactions. RESULTS The quality control parameters revealed the purity, chemical identity, and limits of residual solvents. The radiochemical purity was 95.5 ± 2.3 %, and dimethyl formamide solvent limit was 89 ± 3 ppm. The molecular docking results had suggested that the cold target molecule has made strong electronic interactions and showed the possible pharmacokinetic (ADME) properties with galectin-1 protein. Overall, these results showed that [18F]SG-2 radiolabeling with 18F radionuclide was feasible, and support of molecular docking studies suggest possible interactions with Galectin-1. CONCLUSION we reported feasibility study for labeling coumarin-triazole hybrid with fluorine-18 through aromatic nucleophilic fluorination reaction (SNAr).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerella Sridhar Goud
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NI & IR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS). India
| | - Mahammad S Ghouse
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad-500037. India
| | - Chandana Nagaraju
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NI & IR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS). India
| | - Rose Dawn Bharath
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NI & IR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS). India
| | - Mallika Alvala
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad-500037. India
| | - Pardeep Kumar
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NI & IR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS). India
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13
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Kaszás T, Cservenyák I, Juhász-Tóth É, Kulcsár AE, Granatino P, Nilsson UJ, Somsák L, Tóth M. Coupling of N-tosylhydrazones with tetrazoles: synthesis of 2-β-D-glycopyranosylmethyl-5-substituted-2 H-tetrazole type glycomimetics. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:605-618. [PMID: 33355586 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02248a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Coupling reactions of O-peracylated 2,6-anhydro-aldose tosylhydrazones (C-(β-d-glycopyranosyl)formaldehyde tosylhydrazones) with tetrazoles were studied under metal-free conditions using thermic or microwave activation in the presence of different bases. The reactions proved highly regioselective and gave the corresponding, up-to-now unknown 2-β-d-glycopyranosylmethyl-2H-tetrazoles in 7-67% yields. The method can be applied to get new types of disaccharide mimetics, 5-glycosyl-2-glycopyranosylmethyl-2H-tetrazoles, as well. Galectin binding studies with C-(β-d-galactopyranosyl)formaldehyde tosylhydrazone and 2-(β-d-galactopyranosylmethyl)-5-phenyl-2H-tetrazole revealed no significant inhibition of any of these lectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tímea Kaszás
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, PO Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Ivett Cservenyák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, PO Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Éva Juhász-Tóth
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, PO Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Andrea E Kulcsár
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, PO Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Paola Granatino
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, PO Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Ulf J Nilsson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - László Somsák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, PO Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Marietta Tóth
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, PO Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary.
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Panda P, Chakroborty S. Navigating the Synthesis of Quinoline Hybrid Molecules as Promising Anticancer Agents. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202002790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pravati Panda
- Department of Chemistry Rama Devi Women's University Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751004 India
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15
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Patel B, Kishor C, Houston TA, Shatz-Azoulay H, Zick Y, Vinik Y, Blanchard H. Rational Design and Synthesis of Methyl-β-d-galactomalonyl Phenyl Esters as Potent Galectin-8N Antagonists. J Med Chem 2020; 63:11573-11584. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brijesh Patel
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Chandan Kishor
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Queensland 4222, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Todd. A. Houston
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Hadas Shatz-Azoulay
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yehiel Zick
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yaron Vinik
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Helen Blanchard
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Queensland 4222, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Indolizines are structural isomers with indoles. Although several indole-based commercial drugs are available in the market, none of the indolizine-based drugs are available up-to-date. Natural and synthetic indolizines have a wide-range of pharmaceutical importance such as antitumor, antimycobacterial, antagonist, and antiproliferative activities. This prompted us to search and collect all possible data about the pharmacological importance of indolizine to open an avenue to the researchers in exploring more medicinal applications of such biologically important compounds. AREAS COVERED The current review article covers the advancements in the biological and pharmacological activities of indolizine-based compounds during the last decade. The covered areas of this work involved anticancer, anti-HIV-1, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-tubercular, larvicidal, anti-schizophrenia, CRTh2 antagonist's activities in addition to enzymatic inhibitory activity. EXPERT OPINION The discovery of indolizine drugs will be a major breakthrough as compared with their widely available drug-containing indole isosteres. Major work collected here was focused on anticancer, anti-tubercular, anti-inflammatory, and enzymatic inhibitory activities. The SAR study of the reported biologically active indolizines is summarized throughout the review whenever highlighted to the rationale the behavior of inhibitory action. Several indolizines with certain functions provided great enhancement in the therapeutic activities comparing with reference drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal M Dawood
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University , Giza, Egypt
| | - Ashraf A Abbas
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University , Giza, Egypt
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18
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Mahanti M, Pal KB, Sundin AP, Leffler H, Nilsson UJ. Epimers Switch Galectin-9 Domain Selectivity: 3 N-Aryl Galactosides Bind the C-Terminal and Gulosides Bind the N-Terminal. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:34-39. [PMID: 31938460 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of 3-deoxy-3-N-arylated-β-d-galactoside and -guloside derivatives have been synthesized by cesium fluoride/trimetylsilylaryl triflate-mediated benzyne generation and N-arylation of 3-deoxy-3-amino-β-d-galactosides and -gulosides, respectively. Evaluation as ligands to galectin-1, 2, 3, 4N (N-terminal domain), 4C (C-terminal domain), 7, 8N, 8C, 9C, and 9N revealed that the galactosides selectively bound galectin-9C, whereas the gulosides selectively bound galectin-9N. Hence, the N-aryl group induces galectin-9 selectivity and the ligand 3C-configuration acts as an epimeric selectivity switch between the two domains of galectin-9. Furthermore, MD simulations revealed that galacto derivatives in galectin-9C and gulo derivatives in galectin-9N find stable poses with specific interactions, which proposes a possible explanation to the gal/gulo 9C/9N selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukul Mahanti
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Kumar Bhaskar Pal
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders P. Sundin
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section MIG, Lund University BMC-C1228b, Klinikgatan 28, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulf J. Nilsson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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19
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Wu C, Yong C, Zhong Q, Wang Z, Nilsson UJ, Zhang Y. Synthesis of tricyclic carbohydrate–benzene hybrids as selective inhibitors of galectin-1 and galectin-8 N-terminal domains. RSC Adv 2020; 10:19636-19642. [PMID: 35515421 PMCID: PMC9054096 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03144e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As the galactoside binding family of galectin proteins is involved in many physiological and pathological processes, the inhibitors of these proteins are considered to be of significant interest in the treatment of diseases such as cancer and fibrosis. Herein, fused tricyclic carbohydrate–benzene hybrid core structures are reported to be the selective inhibitors of galectin-1 and the N-terminal domain of galectin-8 by a competitive fluorescence polarization assay. The key intermediates mono- or diiodo tricyclic carbohydrate–benzene hybrids were synthesized from protected 2-bromo-3-O-propargyl-d-galactose via a domino reaction and subsequently utilized for further derivatization by Stille couplings to achieve derivatives carrying substituents at C10 and/or C11. Several compounds showed affinity for the galectin-1 and galectin-8 N-terminal (8N) domains; however, weak or even no binding was observed for galectin-3. Monosubstituted derivatives at C10 or C11 exhibited better affinity for galectin-8N than di-substituted derivatives at C10 or C11. Especially, a benzyl substituent or p-fluorobenzyl substituent at C11 displayed affinity and selectivity for galectin-1 and galectin-8N over galectin-3. This suggests that tricyclic carbohydrate–benzene hybrids are promising scaffolds for the development of selective galectin-1 and galectin-8N inhibitors. Fused tricyclic carbohydrate–benzene hybrids carrying substituents at C10 and/or C11 were designed, synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors for galectin-1 and the N-terminal domain of galectin-8.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Wu
- School of Science
- Xihua University
- 610039 Chengdu
- China
| | - Can Yong
- School of Science
- Xihua University
- 610039 Chengdu
- China
| | - Qiuju Zhong
- School of Science
- Xihua University
- 610039 Chengdu
- China
| | - Zhouyu Wang
- School of Science
- Xihua University
- 610039 Chengdu
- China
| | - Ulf J. Nilsson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis
- Department of Chemistry
- Lund University
- SE-221 00 Lund
- Sweden
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Coumarin-containing hybrids and their anticancer activities. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 181:111587. [PMID: 31404864 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide, and it results in around 9 million deaths annually. The anticancer agents play an intriguing role in the treatment of cancers, while the severe anticancer scenario and the emergence of drug-resistant especially multidrug-resistant cancers create a huge demand for novel anticancer drugs with different mechanisms of action. The coumarin scaffold is ubiquitous in nature and is a highly privileged motif for the development of novel drugs due to its biodiversity and versatility. Coumarin derivatives can exert diverse antiproliferative mechanisms, and some of them such as Irosustat are under clinical trials for the treatment of various cancers, revealing their potential as putative anticancer drugs. Hybridization of coumarin moiety with other anticancer pharmacophores is a promising strategy to reduce side effects, overcome the drug resistance, and may provide valuable therapeutic intervention for the treatment of cancers. Thus, coumarin-containing hybrids occupy an important position in the development of novel anticancer agents. This review aims to summarize the recent advances made towards the development of coumarin-containing hybrids as potential anticancer agents, covering articles published between 2015 and 2019, and the structure-activity relationship together with mechanisms of action are also discussed.
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Singh B, Kumar S, Maity J, Roy I, Prasad AK. Bamford-Stevens reaction assisted synthesis of styrene C-glycosides. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2019.1606921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Balram Singh
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Jyotirmoy Maity
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Indrajit Roy
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Ashok K. Prasad
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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A Galactoside-Binding Protein Tricked into Binding Unnatural Pyranose Derivatives: 3-Deoxy-3-Methyl-Gulosides Selectively Inhibit Galectin-1. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153786. [PMID: 31382488 PMCID: PMC6696278 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins are a family of galactoside-recognizing proteins involved in different galectin-subtype-specific inflammatory and tumor-promoting processes, which motivates the development of inhibitors that are more selective galectin inhibitors than natural ligand fragments. Here, we describe the synthesis and evaluation of 3-C-methyl-gulopyranoside derivatives and their evaluation as galectin inhibitors. Methyl 3-deoxy-3-C-(hydroxymethyl)-β-d-gulopyranoside showed 7-fold better affinity for galectin-1 than the natural monosaccharide fragment analog methyl β-d-galactopyranoside, as well as a high selectivity over galectin-2, 3, 4, 7, 8, and 9. Derivatization of the 3-C-hydroxymethyl into amides gave gulosides with improved selectivities and affinities; methyl 3-deoxy-3-C-(methyl-2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzamide)-β-d-gulopyranoside had Kd 700 µM for galectin-1, while not binding any other galectin.
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