1
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Nie J, He Z, Xie S, Li Y, He R, Chen L, Luo X. Expedient Synthesis of Alkyl and Aryl Thioethers Using Xanthates as Thiol-Free Reagents. Molecules 2024; 29:2485. [PMID: 38893360 PMCID: PMC11174007 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Thioethers are critical in the fields of pharmaceuticals and organic synthesis, but most of the methods for synthesis alkyl thioethers employ foul-smelling thiols as starting materials or generate them as by-products. Additionally, most thiols are air-sensitive and are easily oxidized to produce disulfides under atmospheric conditions; thus, a novel method for synthesizing thioethers is necessary. This paper reports a simple, effective, green method for synthesizing dialkyl or alkyl aryl thioether derivatives using odorless, stable, low-cost ROCS2K as a thiol surrogate. This transformation offers a broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance with excellent selectivity. The reaction likely proceeds via xanthate intermediates, which can be readily generated via the nucleophilic substitution of alkyl halides or aryl halides with ROCS2K under transition-metal-free and base-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinli Nie
- Jiangmen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Cleaner Production, School of Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (J.N.); (Z.H.); (S.X.); (R.H.); (L.C.)
| | - Ziqing He
- Jiangmen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Cleaner Production, School of Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (J.N.); (Z.H.); (S.X.); (R.H.); (L.C.)
| | - Sijie Xie
- Jiangmen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Cleaner Production, School of Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (J.N.); (Z.H.); (S.X.); (R.H.); (L.C.)
| | - Yibiao Li
- Jiangmen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Cleaner Production, School of Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (J.N.); (Z.H.); (S.X.); (R.H.); (L.C.)
| | - Runfa He
- Jiangmen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Cleaner Production, School of Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (J.N.); (Z.H.); (S.X.); (R.H.); (L.C.)
| | - Lu Chen
- Jiangmen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Cleaner Production, School of Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (J.N.); (Z.H.); (S.X.); (R.H.); (L.C.)
| | - Xiai Luo
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China
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2
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Patel MA, Vora RK, Sanghvi YS, Kapdi AR. Ambient Temperature Metal-Free Thiomethylation of Chloroheteroarenes and Chloropurines. Chem Asian J 2024:e202400114. [PMID: 38598666 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report an in-situ mild and metal-free protocol for thiomethylation of heteroarenes in high yields. The thiomethylation of various chloropurines, nucleosides, and chloroheteroarenes has been accomplished offering easy access to agrochemicals and synthetic molecules useful for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha A Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Road, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Raj K Vora
- Department of Chemistry, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, South Ambazari Road, Nagpur, 440010, India
| | - Yogesh S Sanghvi
- Rasayan Inc., 2802 Crystal Ridge Road, Encinitas, CA 92024-6615, U.S.A
| | - Anant R Kapdi
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Road, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India
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3
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Taarit I, Alves F, Benchohra A, Guénée L, Golesorkhi B, Rosspeintner A, Fürstenberg A, Piguet C. Seeking Brightness in Molecular Erbium-Based Light Upconversion. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37018515 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Whereas dye-sensitized lanthanide-doped nanoparticles represent an unquestionable advance for pushing linear near-infrared (NIR) to visible-light upconversion within the frame of applications, analogous improvements are difficult to mimic for related but intramolecular processes induced at the molecular level in coordination complexes. Major difficulties arise from the cationic nature of the target cyanine-containing sensitizers (S), which drastically limits their thermodynamic affinities for catching the lanthanide activators (A) required for performing linear light upconversion. In this context, the rare previous design of stable dye-containing molecular SA light-upconverters required large S···A distances at the cost of the operation of only poorly efficient intramolecular S → A energy transfers and global sensitization. With the synthesis of the compact ligand [L2]+, we exploit here the benefit of using a single sulfur connector between the dye and the binding unit for counterbalancing the drastic electrostatic penalty which is expected to prevent metal complexation. Quantitative amounts of nine-coordinate [L2Er(hfac)3]+ molecular adducts could be finally prepared in solution at millimolar concentrations, while the S···A distance has been reduced by 40% to reach circa 0.7 nm. Detailed photophysical studies demonstrate the operation of a three times improved energy transfer upconversion (ETU) mechanism for molecular [L2Er(hfac)3]+ in acetonitrile at room temperature, thanks to the boosted heavy atom effect operating in the close cyanine/Er pair. NIR excitation at 801 nm can thus be upconverted into visible light (525-545 nm) with an unprecedented brightness of Bup(801 nm) = 2.0(1) × 10-3 M-1·cm-1 for a molecular lanthanide complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inès Taarit
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai E. Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Filipe Alves
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai E. Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Amina Benchohra
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai E. Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Laure Guénée
- Laboratory of Crystallography, University of Geneva, 24 Quai E. Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Bahman Golesorkhi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Arnulf Rosspeintner
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Fürstenberg
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai E. Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Claude Piguet
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai E. Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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4
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Liu F. Direct methylthiolation of C-, S-, and P-nucleophiles with sodium S-methyl thiosulfate. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:1153-1157. [PMID: 36628986 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02056d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A practical and efficient methylthiolation that employed the typical Bunte salt sodium S-methyl sulfothioate as the sulfur source was described. This reagent could react with a variety of compounds such as alkynes, 1,3-diketones, thiols, selenol and H-phosphine oxides, affording methylthiolated products in moderate to excellent yields. The advantages such as easy preparation, air- and moisture-stability and high tolerance of functional groups demonstrated the potential of this reagent to be widely applied in organic synthesis. Notably, the robustness of this reagent was demonstrated by the late-stage modification of drug molecules of erlotinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanmin Liu
- Division of Specialty Chemicals, Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou, 324000, P. R. China.
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5
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Kook GY, Kim D, Chae MK, Ko HM. Rhodium(II)-Catalyzed Highly Selective 1,3-Insertion Reactions Using N-Sulfonyl-1,2,3-Triazoles with Heteroaryl Ethers or Heteroaryl Alcohols. J Org Chem 2022; 87:7253-7263. [PMID: 35604873 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The transformation of N-sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazoles via insertion/rearrangement is achieved using 2-hydroxybenzimidazole or 2-alkoxybenzothiazole over 3 mol % Rh2(Oct)4 for the synthesis of α-((1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)amino) ketones or (Z)-2-alkoxy-2-phenylethenamines. This regio- and stereoselective reaction proceeds under mild conditions, is tolerant of functional groups, and has a broad substrate scope. Notably, while the general rhodium-catalyzed reaction involves sigmatropic rearrangement from an allyl vinyl ether, the present synthetic methodology prevents rearrangement owing to the benzimidazole group, allowing access to (Z)-olefins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga Young Kook
- Department of Chemistry, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Daegeun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ki Chae
- Department of Chemistry, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Haye Min Ko
- Department of Chemistry, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea.,Wonkwang Institute of Materials Science and Technology, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
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6
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Duan B, Li H, Chen Y, Xu C, Yin G. Access to α,α-dithioketones through direct di-sulfenylation of methyl ketones mediated by KOH-DMSO system. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.153697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Saroha M, Sindhu J, Kumar S, Bhasin KK, Khurana JM, Varma RS, Tomar D. Transition Metal‐Free Sulfenylation of C−H Bonds for C−S Bond Formation in Recent Years: Mechanistic Approach and Promising Future. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Saroha
- Department of Chemistry University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
| | - Jayant Sindhu
- Department of Chemistry, COBS&H, CCSHAU Hisar Haryana 125004 India
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, COBS&H, CCSHAU Hisar Haryana 125004 India
| | - Kuldip K. Bhasin
- Department of Chemistry & Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry Panjab University Chandigarh 160014 India
| | | | - Rajender S. Varma
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Palacký University in Olomouc Šlechtitelů 27 783 71 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Deepak Tomar
- Department of Chemistry R. K. P. G. College Shamli Uttar Pradesh 247776 India
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8
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Miao R, Qi X, Wu X. Synthesis of Aryl Methyl Sulfides from Arysulfonyl Chlorides with Dimethyl Carbonate as the Solvent and C1 Source. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ren‐Guan Miao
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou 310018 China
| | - Xinxin Qi
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou 310018 China
| | - Xiao‐Feng Wu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 116023 Dalian Liaoning China
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. Albert-Einstein-Straβe 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
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9
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Ehweiner MA, Ćorović MZ, Belaj F, Mösch‐Zanetti NC. Synthesis and Reactivity of Molybdenum and Tungsten Alkyne Complexes Containing 6‐Methylpyridine‐2‐thiolate Ligands. Helv Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.202100137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine A. Ehweiner
- Institute of Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry University of Graz, AT- 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Miljan Z. Ćorović
- Institute of Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry University of Graz, AT- 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Ferdinand Belaj
- Institute of Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry University of Graz, AT- 8010 Graz Austria
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10
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Huang D, Wu X. t-BuOK-promoted methylthiolation of aryl fluorides with dimethyldisulfide under transition-metal-free and mild conditions. J Fluor Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2021.109778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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11
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Batista GMF, de Castro PP, dos Santos JA, Skrydstrup T, Amarante GW. Synthetic developments on the preparation of sulfides from thiol-free reagents. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01226b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This critical review covers the main thiolating reagents with respect to their characteristics and reactivities. In fact, they are complementary to each other and bring different thiolation strategies, avoiding the hazardous thiol derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel M. F. Batista
- Chemistry Department
- Federal University of Juiz de Fora
- Juiz de Fora
- Brazil
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC)
| | - Pedro P. de Castro
- Chemistry Department
- Federal University of Juiz de Fora
- Juiz de Fora
- Brazil
| | | | - Troels Skrydstrup
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC)
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO)
- and Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
- DK-8000 Aarhus C
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12
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Latli B, Gao A, Kvaternick V, Tecle B, Pennino S, Yee NK, Song J. Synthesis of stable isotope-labelled firocoxib. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2020; 63:386-392. [PMID: 32307719 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Firocoxib (ML-1,785,713) is a nonsteroidal, potent, and selective COX-2 inhibitor, approved for the control of pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis in dogs and horses, as well as to control postoperative pain and inflammation in dogs. We employed a six-step synthesis to prepare firocoxib-[13 C6 ] in an overall yield of 35% from the commercially available bromobenzene-[13 C6 ]. The synthetic route involved the preparation of the key intermediate phenyl-13 C6 -methyl sulfide using cesium carbonate and S-methylthiourea sulfate under transition-metal free conditions. A two-step preparation of firocoxib-[13 C,2 H3 ] via the sulfinic acid derivative of firocoxib and methyl iodide-[13 C,2 H3 ] using the procedure of Gauthier and Yoshikawa was first undertaken. However, the deuterium atoms of the methyl sulfone undergo extensive exchange in aqueous media even at neutral pH. The isotope-labelled firocoxib is intended as an internal standard for bioanalyses of firocoxib from biological matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bachir Latli
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Amy Gao
- Material and Analytical Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Berhane Tecle
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, North Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Scott Pennino
- Material and Analytical Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nathan K Yee
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jeff Song
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
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13
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Liu D, Thomas T, Gong H, Li F, Li Q, Song L, Azhagan T, Jiang H, Yang M. A mechanism of alkali metal carbonates catalysing the synthesis of β-hydroxyethyl sulfide with mercaptan and ethylene carbonate. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:9367-9374. [PMID: 31621741 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01816f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of β-hydroxyethylation is essential to the current practice of organic chemistry. Here, we proposed a new and green route to synthesize 2-hydroxyethyl n-alkyl sulfide with n-alkyl mercaptan and ethylene carbonate (EC) in the presence of alkali carbonates as catalysts and revealed the mechanism by experiments and theoretical calculations. The reaction reported proceeds rapidly with high yields when it is performed at 120 °C and the catalytic loading is ∼1 mol%. This protocol is applicable to other mercaptans to synthesize the corresponding β-hydroxyethyl sulfide. Density functional theory-based calculations show the energy profile for the reaction pathway. The rate-determining step is the ring-opening of EC. A negatively charged O atom of alkali carbonates approaches the S atom of -SH under the influence of hydrogen bonds. An activated S atom that carries more negative charge serves as a nucleophilic reagent and assists in the ring-opening of EC by reducing the Mayer bond orders of the C1-O1 bond in EC. Alkali cations also contribute to the C1-O1 bond cleavage. The energy barrier for the ring-opening of EC decreases with the decrease of electronegativity of alkali cations. Subsequent transference of a H atom leads to the formation of β-hydroxyethyl sulfide, the dissociation of CO2 and the reduction of K2CO3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment Engineering, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun 113001, China.
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14
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Wei X, Zhang C, Wang Y, Zhan Q, Qiu G, Fan L, Yin G. Decyanative Cross-Coupling of Cyanopyrimidines with O-, S-, and N-Nucleophiles: A Route to Alkoxylpyrimidines, Aminopyrimidines and Alkylthiopyrimidines. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Wei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis and Reuse Technology; Hubei Normal University; 435002 Huangshi P. R. China
| | - Caiyang Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis and Reuse Technology; Hubei Normal University; 435002 Huangshi P. R. China
| | - Yifei Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis and Reuse Technology; Hubei Normal University; 435002 Huangshi P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis and Reuse Technology; Hubei Normal University; 435002 Huangshi P. R. China
| | - Guiying Qiu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis and Reuse Technology; Hubei Normal University; 435002 Huangshi P. R. China
| | - Ling Fan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis and Reuse Technology; Hubei Normal University; 435002 Huangshi P. R. China
| | - Guodong Yin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis and Reuse Technology; Hubei Normal University; 435002 Huangshi P. R. China
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15
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Söderström M, Zamaratski E, Odell LR. BF
3
·SMe
2
for Thiomethylation, Nitro Reduction and Tandem Reduction/SMe Insertion of Nitrogen Heterocycles. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Söderström
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Uppsala University Uppsala, Biomedical Center P. O. Box 574 75123 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Edouard Zamaratski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Uppsala University Uppsala, Biomedical Center P. O. Box 574 75123 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Luke R. Odell
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Uppsala University Uppsala, Biomedical Center P. O. Box 574 75123 Uppsala Sweden
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16
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Zhang B, Fan Z, Guo Z, Xi C. Reduction of CO2 with NaBH4/I2 for the Conversion of Thiophenols to Aryl Methyl Sulfides. J Org Chem 2019; 84:8661-8667. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhengning Fan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhiqiang Guo
- Scientific Instrument Center, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Chanjuan Xi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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