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Overgaard ML, Aalborg T, Zeuner EJ, Westphal KR, Lau FA, Nielsen VS, Carstensen KB, Hundebøll EA, Westermann TA, Rathsach GG, Sørensen JL, Frisvad JC, Wimmer R, Sondergaard TE. Quick guide to secondary metabolites from Apiospora and Arthrinium. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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2
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Schüller A, Studt-Reinhold L, Strauss J. How to Completely Squeeze a Fungus-Advanced Genome Mining Tools for Novel Bioactive Substances. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:1837. [PMID: 36145585 PMCID: PMC9505985 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal species have the capability of producing an overwhelming diversity of bioactive substances that can have beneficial but also detrimental effects on human health. These so-called secondary metabolites naturally serve as antimicrobial "weapon systems", signaling molecules or developmental effectors for fungi and hence are produced only under very specific environmental conditions or stages in their life cycle. However, as these complex conditions are difficult or even impossible to mimic in laboratory settings, only a small fraction of the true chemical diversity of fungi is known so far. This also implies that a large space for potentially new pharmaceuticals remains unexplored. We here present an overview on current developments in advanced methods that can be used to explore this chemical space. We focus on genetic and genomic methods, how to detect genes that harbor the blueprints for the production of these compounds (i.e., biosynthetic gene clusters, BGCs), and ways to activate these silent chromosomal regions. We provide an in-depth view of the chromatin-level regulation of BGCs and of the potential to use the CRISPR/Cas technology as an activation tool.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joseph Strauss
- Institute of Microbial Genetics, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, A-3430 Tulln/Donau, Austria
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3
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Asai T. Discovery of Diverse Natural Products from Undeveloped Fungal Gene Resource by Using Epigenetic Regulation. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2022; 142:439-446. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.21-00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teigo Asai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
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Christiansen JV, Isbrandt T, Petersen C, Sondergaard TE, Nielsen MR, Pedersen TB, Sørensen JL, Larsen TO, Frisvad JC. Fungal quinones: diversity, producers, and applications of quinones from Aspergillus, Penicillium, Talaromyces, Fusarium, and Arthrinium. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:8157-8193. [PMID: 34625822 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11597-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Quinones represent an important group of highly structurally diverse, mainly polyketide-derived secondary metabolites widely distributed among filamentous fungi. Many quinones have been reported to have important biological functions such as inhibition of bacteria or repression of the immune response in insects. Other quinones, such as ubiquinones are known to be essential molecules in cellular respiration, and many quinones are known to protect their producing organisms from exposure to sunlight. Most recently, quinones have also attracted a lot of industrial interest since their electron-donating and -accepting properties make them good candidates as electrolytes in redox flow batteries, like their often highly conjugated double bond systems make them attractive as pigments. On an industrial level, quinones are mainly synthesized from raw components in coal tar. However, the possibility of producing quinones by fungal cultivation has great prospects since fungi can often be grown in industrially scaled bioreactors, producing valuable metabolites on cheap substrates. In order to give a better overview of the secondary metabolite quinones produced by and shared between various fungi, mainly belonging to the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, Talaromyces, Fusarium, and Arthrinium, this review categorizes quinones into families such as emodins, fumigatins, sorbicillinoids, yanuthones, and xanthomegnins, depending on structural similarities and information about the biosynthetic pathway from which they are derived, whenever applicable. The production of these quinone families is compared between the different genera, based on recently revised taxonomy. KEY POINTS: • Quinones represent an important group of secondary metabolites widely distributed in important fungal genera such as Aspergillus, Penicillium, Talaromyces, Fusarium, and Arthrinium. • Quinones are of industrial interest and can be used in pharmacology, as colorants and pigments, and as electrolytes in redox flow batteries. • Quinones are grouped into families and compared between genera according to the revised taxonomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V Christiansen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - T Isbrandt
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - C Petersen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - T E Sondergaard
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - M R Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 6700, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - T B Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 6700, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - J L Sørensen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 6700, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - T O Larsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - J C Frisvad
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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Takahashi H, Umemura M, Ninomiya A, Kusuya Y, Shimizu M, Urayama SI, Watanabe A, Kamei K, Yaguchi T, Hagiwara D. Interspecies Genomic Variation and Transcriptional Activeness of Secondary Metabolism-Related Genes in Aspergillus Section Fumigati. FRONTIERS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY 2021; 2:656751. [PMID: 37744138 PMCID: PMC10512231 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2021.656751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Filamentous fungi produce various bioactive compounds that are biosynthesized by sets of proteins encoded in biosynthesis gene clusters (BGCs). For an unknown reason, many BGCs are transcriptionally silent in laboratory conditions, which has hampered the discovery of novel fungal compounds. The transcriptional reactiveness of fungal secondary metabolism is not fully understood. To gain the comprehensive view, we conducted comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses of nine closely-related species of Aspergillus section Fumigati (A. fumigatus, A. fumigatiaffinis, A. novofumigatus, A. thermomutatus, A. viridinutans, A. pseudoviridinutans, A. lentulus, A. udagawae, and Neosartorya fischeri). For expanding our knowledge, we newly sequenced genomes of A. viridinutans and A. pseudoviridinutans, and reassembled and reannotated the previously released genomes of A. lentulus and A. udagawae. Between 34 and 84 secondary metabolite (SM) backbone genes were identified in the genomes of these nine respective species, with 8.7-51.2% being unique to the species. A total of 247 SM backbone gene types were identified in the nine fungi. Ten BGCs are shared by all nine species. Transcriptomic analysis using A. fumigatus, A. lentulus, A. udagawae, A. viridinutans, and N. fischeri was conducted to compare expression levels of all SM backbone genes in four different culture conditions; 32-83% of SM backbone genes in these species were not expressed in the tested conditions, which reconfirmed that large part of fungal SM genes are hard to be expressed. The species-unique SM genes of the five species were expressed with lower frequency (18.8% in total) than the SM genes that are conserved in all five species (56%). These results suggest that the expression tendency of BGCs is correlated with their interspecies distribution pattern. Our findings increase understanding of the evolutionary processes associated with the regulation of fungal secondary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Takahashi
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Molecular Chirality Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Plant Molecular Science Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Maiko Umemura
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ninomiya
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoko Kusuya
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaaki Shimizu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Syun-ichi Urayama
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Microbiology Research Center for Sustainability, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Akira Watanabe
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Kamei
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takashi Yaguchi
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hagiwara
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Microbiology Research Center for Sustainability, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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Orsoni N, Degola F, Nerva L, Bisceglie F, Spadola G, Chitarra W, Terzi V, Delbono S, Ghizzoni R, Morcia C, Jamiołkowska A, Mielniczuk E, Restivo FM, Pelosi G. Double Gamers-Can Modified Natural Regulators of Higher Plants Act as Antagonists against Phytopathogens? The Case of Jasmonic Acid Derivatives. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228681. [PMID: 33213072 PMCID: PMC7698523 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As key players in biotic stress response of plants, jasmonic acid (JA) and its derivatives cover a specific and prominent role in pathogens-mediated signaling and hence are promising candidates for a sustainable management of phytopathogenic fungi. Recently, JA directed antimicrobial effects on plant pathogens has been suggested, supporting the theory of oxylipins as double gamers in plant-pathogen interaction. Based on these premises, six derivatives (dihydrojasmone and cis-jasmone, two thiosemicarbazonic derivatives and their corresponding complexes with copper) have been evaluated against 13 fungal species affecting various economically important herbaceous and woody crops, such as cereals, grapes and horticultural crops: Phaeoacremonium minimum, Neofusicoccum parvum, Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, Fomitiporia mediterranea, Fusarium poae, F. culmorum, F. graminearum, F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucae,F. sporotrichioides, Aspergillus flavus, Rhizoctonia solani,Sclerotinia spp. and Verticillium dahliae. The biological activity of these compounds was assessed in terms of growth inhibition and, for the two mycotoxigenic species A. flavus and F. sporotrichioides, also in terms of toxin containment. As expected, the inhibitory effect of molecules greatly varied amongst both genera and species; cis-jasmone thiosemicarbazone in particular has shown the wider range of effectiveness. However, our results show that thiosemicarbazones derivatives are more effective than the parent ketones in limiting fungal growth and mycotoxins production, supporting possible applications for the control of pathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Orsoni
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (N.O.); (F.B.); (G.S.); (F.M.R.); (G.P.)
| | - Francesca Degola
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (N.O.); (F.B.); (G.S.); (F.M.R.); (G.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Luca Nerva
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology CREA-VE, Via XXVIII Aprile 26, 31015 Conegliano (TV), Italy; (L.N.); (W.C.)
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, CNR, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Franco Bisceglie
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (N.O.); (F.B.); (G.S.); (F.M.R.); (G.P.)
| | - Giorgio Spadola
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (N.O.); (F.B.); (G.S.); (F.M.R.); (G.P.)
| | - Walter Chitarra
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology CREA-VE, Via XXVIII Aprile 26, 31015 Conegliano (TV), Italy; (L.N.); (W.C.)
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, CNR, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Valeria Terzi
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics CREA-GB, Via San Protaso 302, 29017 Fiorenzuola d’Arda (PC), Italy; (V.T.); (S.D.); (R.G.); (C.M.)
| | - Stefano Delbono
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics CREA-GB, Via San Protaso 302, 29017 Fiorenzuola d’Arda (PC), Italy; (V.T.); (S.D.); (R.G.); (C.M.)
| | - Roberta Ghizzoni
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics CREA-GB, Via San Protaso 302, 29017 Fiorenzuola d’Arda (PC), Italy; (V.T.); (S.D.); (R.G.); (C.M.)
| | - Caterina Morcia
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics CREA-GB, Via San Protaso 302, 29017 Fiorenzuola d’Arda (PC), Italy; (V.T.); (S.D.); (R.G.); (C.M.)
| | - Agnieszka Jamiołkowska
- Department of Plant Protection, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Leszczyńskiego 7, 20069 Lublin, Poland; (A.J.); (E.M.)
| | - Elżbieta Mielniczuk
- Department of Plant Protection, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Leszczyńskiego 7, 20069 Lublin, Poland; (A.J.); (E.M.)
| | - Francesco M. Restivo
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (N.O.); (F.B.); (G.S.); (F.M.R.); (G.P.)
| | - Giorgio Pelosi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (N.O.); (F.B.); (G.S.); (F.M.R.); (G.P.)
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Synthetic biology based construction of biological activity-related library of fungal decalin-containing diterpenoid pyrones. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1830. [PMID: 32286350 PMCID: PMC7156458 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15664-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A synthetic biology method based on heterologous biosynthesis coupled with genome mining is a promising approach for increasing the opportunities to rationally access natural product with novel structures and biological activities through total biosynthesis and combinatorial biosynthesis. Here, we demonstrate the advantage of the synthetic biology method to explore biological activity-related chemical space through the comprehensive heterologous biosynthesis of fungal decalin-containing diterpenoid pyrones (DDPs). Genome mining reveals putative DDP biosynthetic gene clusters distributed in five fungal genera. In addition, we design extended DDP pathways by combinatorial biosynthesis. In total, ten DDP pathways, including five native pathways, four extended pathways and one shunt pathway, are heterologously reconstituted in a genetically tractable heterologous host, Aspergillus oryzae, resulting in the production of 22 DDPs, including 15 new analogues. We also demonstrate the advantage of expanding the diversity of DDPs to probe various bioactive molecules through a wide range of biological evaluations. Combining genome mining and heterologous expression in a genetically tractable host can lead to bioactive natural products discovery and production. Here, the authors employ this strategy for new decalin-containing diterpenoid pyrenes production by expressing native, extended, and shunt pathways in Aspergillus oryzae.
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Morishita Y, Zhang H, Taniguchi T, Mori K, Asai T. The Discovery of Fungal Polyene Macrolides via a Postgenomic Approach Reveals a Polyketide Macrocyclization by trans-Acting Thioesterase in Fungi. Org Lett 2019; 21:4788-4792. [PMID: 31180682 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Heterologous expression of a unique biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) comprising a highly reducing polyketide synthase and stand-alone thioesterase genes in Aspergillus oryzae enabled us to isolate a novel 34-membered polyene macrolide, phaeospelide A (1). This is the first isolation of a fungal polyene macrolide and the first demonstration of fungal aliphatic macrolide biosynthetic machinery. In addition, sequence similarity network analysis demonstrated the existence of a large number of BGCs for novel fungal macrolides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Morishita
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences , The University of Tokyo , 3-8-1 Komaba , Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902 , Japan
| | - Huiping Zhang
- NMR Science and Development Division , RIKEN Spring-8 Center , 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho , Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama , Kanagawa 230-0045 , Japan
| | - Tohru Taniguchi
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Frontier Research Center for Post-Genome Science and Technology , Hokkaido University , Kita 21 Nishi 11 , Sapporo 001-0021 , Japan
| | - Keiji Mori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , 2-24-16 Nakacho , Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588 , Japan
| | - Teigo Asai
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences , The University of Tokyo , 3-8-1 Komaba , Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902 , Japan
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9
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Hill RA, Sutherland A. Hot off the Press. Nat Prod Rep 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9np90010a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A personal selection of 32 recent papers is presented covering various aspects of current developments in bioorganic chemistry and novel natural products such as preuisolactone A from Preussia isomera.
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