1
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Hazra A, Laha JK. Intramolecular Reductive Amidation of Unactivated Esters with Nitroarenes: A Telescoped Synthesis of Tetrahydropyrrolo/Pyrido[1,2- a]quinoxalinones. J Org Chem 2024; 89:11053-11059. [PMID: 39037440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
A reductive amidation of unactivated esters with nitroarenes, a key step in the telescopic synthesis of tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalinones and tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]quinoxalinones, is reported. The process involves an intermolecular base-mediated SNAr reaction, followed by intramolecular reductive amidation employing sodium dithionite. The substrate scope coupled with the demonstration of the synthesis of pharmaceuticals is reported. The key features include nitro reduction at room temperature, easy purification without chromatography, amidation of unactivated esters without any externally added activating agent, and a telescopic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitava Hazra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Joydev K Laha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
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2
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Templ J, Schnürch M. A Guide for Mono-Selective N-Methylation, N-Ethylation, and N-n-Propylation of Primary Amines, Amides, and Sulfonamides and Their Applicability in Late-Stage Modification. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304205. [PMID: 38353032 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive overview of mono-alkylation methodologies targeting crucial nitrogen moieties - amines, amides, and sulfonamides - found in organic building blocks and pharmaceuticals. Emphasizing the intersection of chemical precision with drug discovery, the central challenge addressed is achieving one-pot mono-selective short-chain N-alkylations (methylations, ethylations, and n-propylations), preventing undesired overalkylation. Additionally, sustainable, safe, and benign alternatives to traditional alkylating agents, including alcohols, carbon dioxide, carboxylic acids, nitriles, alkyl phosphates, quaternary ammonium salts, and alkyl carbonates, are explored. This review, categorized by the nature of the alkylating agent, aids researchers in selecting suitable methods for mono-selective N-alkylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Templ
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Schnürch
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060, Vienna, Austria
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3
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Ma R, Gao J, Zhang L, Wang N, Hu Y, Bartling S, Lund H, Wohlrab S, Jagadeesh RV, Beller M. Cobalt nanoparticle-catalysed N-alkylation of amides with alcohols. GREEN CHEMISTRY : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL AND GREEN CHEMISTRY RESOURCE : GC 2024; 26:1471-1477. [PMID: 38323305 PMCID: PMC10840649 DOI: 10.1039/d3gc03286h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
A protocol for efficient N-alkylation of benzamides with alcohols in the presence of cobalt-nanocatalysts is described. Key to the success of this general methodology is the use of highly dispersed cobalt nanoparticles supported on carbon, which are obtained from the pyrolysis of cobalt(ii) acetate and o-phenylenediamine as a ligand at suitable temperatures. The catalytic material shows a broad substrate scope and good tolerance to functional groups. Apart from the synthesis of a variety of secondary amides (>45 products), the catalyst allows for the conversion of more challenging aliphatic alcohols and amides, including biobased and macromolecular amides. The practical applicability of the catalyst is underlined by the successful recycling and reusability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ma
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Jie Gao
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Lan Zhang
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology 100124 Beijing China
| | - Ning Wang
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology 100124 Beijing China
| | - Yue Hu
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Stephan Bartling
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Henrik Lund
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Sebastian Wohlrab
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Rajenahally V Jagadeesh
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
- Nanotechnology Centre, Centre for Energy and Environmental Technologies, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava Ostrava-Poruba Czech Republic
| | - Matthias Beller
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
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4
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Recent advances in the catalytic N-methylation and N-trideuteromethylation reactions using methanol and deuterated methanol. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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5
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Templ J, Gjata E, Getzner F, Schnürch M. Monoselective N-Methylation of Amides, Indoles, and Related Structures Using Quaternary Ammonium Salts as Solid Methylating Agents. Org Lett 2022; 24:7315-7319. [PMID: 36190781 PMCID: PMC9578047 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We herein report the use of phenyl trimethylammonium
iodide (PhMe3NI) as a safe, nontoxic, and easy-to-handle
reagent for an
absolutely monoselective N-methylation of amides and related compounds
as well as for the N-methylation of indoles. In addition, we expanded
the method to N-ethylation using PhEt3NI. The ease of operational
setup, high yields of ≤99%, high functional group tolerance,
and especially the excellent monoselectivity for amides make this
method attractive for late-stage methylation of bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Templ
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Wien, Austria
| | - Edma Gjata
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Wien, Austria
| | - Filippa Getzner
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Wien, Austria
| | - Michael Schnürch
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Wien, Austria
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6
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Abstract
This paper describes a mild strategy to promote amide arylations. Photoinduced oxidation of a Ni(II) aryl amido intermediate is proposed to facilitate the challenging C-N reductive elimination step at moderate temperatures. Notably, the mildly basic conditions employed facilitate access to a broad scope including protected amino acids, heterocycles, phenols, and sterically hindered substituents. Hence, this work presents an attractive strategy to enable late-stage functionalization of pre-existing amide moieties in commercial drugs and natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Bradley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Ana Bahamonde
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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7
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Zhang K, Zhao S, Fang Z, Yang Z, Li X, Yang J, Meng J, Li Y, Ji D, He W, Guo K, Tu ST. Interdigital Micromixer for Selective N-Monoalkylation of Anilines in a Microflow System. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Shuangfei Zhao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zheng Fang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zhao Yang
- College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jiming Yang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jingjing Meng
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yuguang Li
- Institute of Nanjing Advanced Biomaterials & Processing Equipment, 1 Xiushan Middle Road, Nanjing 211299, China
| | - Dong Ji
- Institute of Nanjing Advanced Biomaterials & Processing Equipment, 1 Xiushan Middle Road, Nanjing 211299, China
| | - Wei He
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Kai Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing 211816, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Shan-tung Tu
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200237, China
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8
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Hibbard JP, Yam JG, Alsalek EB, Bahamonde A. Mild Sustainable Amide Alkylation Protocol Enables a Broad Orthogonal Scope. J Org Chem 2022; 87:12036-12040. [PMID: 36001807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein, the development of a mild sustainable protocol to couple primary alkyl chlorides and bromides with amides is described. In contrast to current methodologies, our system does not require the use of strongly basic conditions, high temperatures, or the addition of an organometallic catalyst, thereby enabling access to a remarkably orthogonal scope. K3PO4 is used to facilitate the formation of secondary and tertiary amides, which are ubiquitous scaffolds in bioactive molecules and natural products. Alkylated amide products are obtained in good to excellent yields, with no substantial limitations observed based on the steric and electronic properties of either coupling partner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P Hibbard
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, 501 Big Springs Road, Riverside, California92521, United States
| | - Jessalyn G Yam
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, 501 Big Springs Road, Riverside, California92521, United States
| | - Eyad B Alsalek
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, 501 Big Springs Road, Riverside, California92521, United States
| | - Ana Bahamonde
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, 501 Big Springs Road, Riverside, California92521, United States
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9
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Xu XH, Hao EJ, Shi Z, Dong ZB. Easy S-Alkylation of Arylthioureas and 2-Mercaptobenzothiazoles Using Tetraalkylammonium Salts under Transition-Metal-Free Conditions. J Org Chem 2022; 87:9675-9687. [PMID: 35896442 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A highly-efficient and practical method for S-alkylation of arylthioureas was reported. Using tetraalkylammonium salts as alkylation reagents, a series of 68 S-substituted aryl-isothioureas were obtained in good to excellent yields under transition-metal-free conditions. The protocol features simple performance, broad functional group tolerance, good to excellent yields, and easily available starting materials, showing potential synthetic value for the preparation of diverse biologically or pharmaceutically active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hu Xu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Er-Jun Hao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Zhen Shi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biologic Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Zhi-Bing Dong
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.,Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.,Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Biologic Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
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10
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Ni H, Li C, Shi X, Hu X, Mao H. Visible-Light-Promoted Fe(III)-Catalyzed N-H Alkylation of Amides and N-Heterocycles. J Org Chem 2022; 87:9797-9805. [PMID: 35857034 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The combination of the radical chemistry of ligand-to-metal charge transfer with metal catalysis by a single iron salt helps to realize the visible-light-promoted N-H alkylation of amides and N-heterocycles. A wide variety of amides and nitrogen-containing heterocycles were tolerated in our protocol to give N-alkylated products. The applicability of this protocol was further demonstrated by late-stage alkylation of N-H-containing pharmaceuticals. Moreover, N-H-alkylated α-amino tetrahydrofurans could be transformed into versatile ring-opened amino alcohols under reducing conditions. A mechanistic study revealed that hydrogen atom transfer by a tert-butoxyl radical and a chlorine radical was responsible for the activation of C(sp3)-H precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangcheng Ni
- College of Pharmacy, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua 321007, People's Republic of China.,Jinhua Branch, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Jinhua 321007, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoming Li
- Jinhua Branch, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Jinhua 321007, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingzi Shi
- Jinhua Branch, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Jinhua 321007, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianyue Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua 321007, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Mao
- College of Pharmacy, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua 321007, People's Republic of China
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11
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Guo W, Liu Z, Wu F, Luo Y, Yao Z. [NN]‐Chelate nickel complexes with Schiff base ligands: Synthesis, structure and catalytic activity in green amidation reaction. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Guo
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Shanghai Institute of Technology Shanghai China
| | - Zhen‐Jiang Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Shanghai Institute of Technology Shanghai China
| | - Fanhong Wu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Shanghai Institute of Technology Shanghai China
| | - Yu‐Zhou Luo
- Business School Guilin University of Technology Guilin China
| | - Zi‐Jian Yao
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Shanghai Institute of Technology Shanghai China
- Key Lab of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China
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12
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Wang S, Gao Y, Song S, Li X, Zhang Z, Xiang J, Zheng L. Lewis base catalyzed allylation reaction of N-aryl amides with Morita–Baylis–Hillman carbonates. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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13
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Sardar B, Jamatia R, Samanta A, Srimani D. Ru Doped Hydrotalcite Catalyzed Borrowing Hydrogen-Mediated N-Alkylation of Benzamides, Sulfonamides, and Dehydrogenative Synthesis of Quinazolinones. J Org Chem 2022; 87:5556-5567. [PMID: 35442678 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An efficient Ru doped hydrotalcite catalyzed N-alkylation of benzamides and sulfonamides with alcohols via borrowing hydrogen catalysis is illustrated. Various primary alcohols, including benzyl, heteroaryl, and aliphatic alcohols, were alkylated in good to excellent yields. To shed light on the mechanistic details, several control studies and deuterium labeling experiments were performed. Mechanistic studies underpin that the reaction is going via a borrowing hydrogen pathway rather than an SN1 type mechanism. The reaction can be easily scaled up without any detrimental effect on the yield. The catalyst is also capable of synthesizing quinazolinone directly from 2-aminobenzamide and alcohols. Successful recyclability and high reactivity highlight the practical applicability of the catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bitan Sardar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, Guwahati Pin 781039, India
| | - Ramen Jamatia
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, Guwahati Pin 781039, India.,Department of Chemistry, Rajiv Gandhi University, Rono Hills, Doimukh, Arunachal Pradesh 791112, India
| | - Arup Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, Guwahati Pin 781039, India
| | - Dipankar Srimani
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, Guwahati Pin 781039, India
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14
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Donthireddy SNR, Singh VK, Rit A. A heteroditopic NHC and phosphine ligand supported ruthenium( ii)-complex: an effective catalyst for the N-alkylation of amides using alcohols. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy00544a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A heteroditopic Ru(ii)-bis-NHC complex in combination with dppe was developed as an effective catalyst system (0.2 mol% loading) for the N-alkylation of amides and selective mono-/di-alkylation of 4-aminobenzamide derivatives in excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. N. R. Donthireddy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai- 600036, India
| | - Vivek Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai- 600036, India
| | - Arnab Rit
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai- 600036, India
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15
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Zhuang H, Lu N, Ji N, Han F, Miao C. Bu
4
NHSO
4
‐Catalyzed Direct
N
‐Allylation of Pyrazole and its Derivatives with Allylic Alcohols in Water: A Metal‐Free, Recyclable and Sustainable System. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongfeng Zhuang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science Shandong Agricultural University Tai'an 271018 Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Lu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science Shandong Agricultural University Tai'an 271018 Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Na Ji
- College of Chemistry and Material Science Shandong Agricultural University Tai'an 271018 Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Han
- College of Chemistry and Material Science Shandong Agricultural University Tai'an 271018 Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Chengxia Miao
- College of Chemistry and Material Science Shandong Agricultural University Tai'an 271018 Shandong People's Republic of China
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16
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Murugesan K, Alenad AM, Alshammari AS, Sohail M, Jagadeesh RV. Reductive N-alkylation of primary amides using nickel-nanoparticles. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Maity S, Roy A, Duari S, Biswas S, Elsharif AM, Biswas S. Brønsted Acid Mediated Nucleophilic Functionalization of Amides through Stable Amide C−N Bond Cleavage; One‐Step Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Benzothiazoles. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Srabani Maity
- Department of Chemistry University of Calcutta 92, A. P. C. Road Kolkata 700009, W. B. India
| | - Arnab Roy
- Department of Chemistry University of Calcutta 92, A. P. C. Road Kolkata 700009, W. B. India
| | - Surajit Duari
- Department of Chemistry University of Calcutta 92, A. P. C. Road Kolkata 700009, W. B. India
| | - Subrata Biswas
- Department of Chemistry University of Calcutta 92, A. P. C. Road Kolkata 700009, W. B. India
| | - Asma M. Elsharif
- Department of Chemistry College of Science Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University P.O. Box 1982 Dammam 31441 Saudi Arabia
| | - Srijit Biswas
- Department of Chemistry University of Calcutta 92, A. P. C. Road Kolkata 700009, W. B. India
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18
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An efficient hydration of nitriles with ruthenium-supported heterogeneous catalyst in water under moderate conditions. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Li C, Ge MT, Bai L, Xia AB, Xu DQ, Xu ZY. Direct N-alkylation of sulfur-containing amines. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:4478-4482. [PMID: 33950054 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00368b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient ruthenium-catalyzed method has been developed for the direct N-alkylation of sulfur-containing amines with alcohols, for the first time, by a step-economical and environmentally friendly hydrogen borrowing strategy. The present methodology features base-free conditions and broad substrate scope, with water being the only by-product. Moreover, this protocol has been applied to the synthesis of the pharmaceutical drug Quetiapine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Catalytic Hydrogenation Research Center, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Min-Tong Ge
- Catalytic Hydrogenation Research Center, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Liang Bai
- Catalytic Hydrogenation Research Center, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Ai-Bao Xia
- Catalytic Hydrogenation Research Center, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Dan-Qian Xu
- Catalytic Hydrogenation Research Center, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Zhen-Yuan Xu
- Catalytic Hydrogenation Research Center, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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20
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Qu R, Cheng Y, Yang S, Zhao C, Liu H, Huang X. Iron‐Catalyzed N‐Alkylation of Secondary Amines with Alcohols Using Borrowing Hydrogen Strategy. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202100712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruxin Qu
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Institute of Theoretical Chemistry Jilin University Liutiao Road Changchun 130023 China
| | - Yaxuan Cheng
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Institute of Theoretical Chemistry Jilin University Liutiao Road Changchun 130023 China
| | - Siwei Yang
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Institute of Theoretical Chemistry Jilin University Liutiao Road Changchun 130023 China
| | - Chaoyu Zhao
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Institute of Theoretical Chemistry Jilin University Liutiao Road Changchun 130023 China
| | - Huiling Liu
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Institute of Theoretical Chemistry Jilin University, Liutiao Road Changchun 130023 China
| | - Xuri Huang
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Institute of Theoretical Chemistry Jilin University, Liutiao Road Changchun 130023 China
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21
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Kaur J, Shahin A, Barham JP. Photocatalyst-Free, Visible-Light-Mediated C(sp3)–H Arylation of Amides via a Solvent-Caged EDA Complex. Org Lett 2021; 23:2002-2006. [PMID: 33596084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaspreet Kaur
- Universität Regensburg, Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ahmed Shahin
- Universität Regensburg, Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, 13518 Benha, Egypt
| | - Joshua P. Barham
- Universität Regensburg, Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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22
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Ansu-Gyeabourh E, Amoah E, Ganesa C, Badu-Tawiah AK. Monoacylation of Symmetrical Diamines in Charge Microdroplets. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:531-536. [PMID: 33356239 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Monoacylation of symmetrical diamine is achieved when the primary α,ω-diamines (carbon numbers n = 3, 5 and 12) are diluted in ethyl acetate, and the resultant mixture is electrosprayed across a 10 mm distance in ambient air toward a mass spectrometer. The N-acylated product is formed in charged microdroplets without acidifying and activating agents and in the absence of heat. This result provided an insight into the orientation of the amines in the droplets, suggesting that the ester is activated to react with the amine at the droplet surface due to the high abundance of protons at the air-droplet interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emelia Ansu-Gyeabourh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- MassBiologics of The University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02126, United States
| | - Enoch Amoah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Chandrashekar Ganesa
- MassBiologics of The University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02126, United States
| | - Abraham K Badu-Tawiah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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23
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Arora V, Narjinari H, Nandi PG, Kumar A. Recent advances in pincer-nickel catalyzed reactions. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:3394-3428. [PMID: 33595564 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03593a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Organometallic catalysts have played a key role in accomplishing numerous synthetically valuable organic transformations that are either otherwise not possible or inefficient. The use of precious, sparse and toxic 4d and 5d metals are an apparent downside of several such catalytic systems despite their immense success over the last several decades. The use of complexes containing Earth-abundant, inexpensive and less hazardous 3d metals, such as nickel, as catalysts for organic transformations has been an emerging field in recent times. In particular, the versatile nature of the corresponding pincer-metal complexes, which offers great control of their reactivity via countless variations, has garnered great interest among organometallic chemists who are looking for greener and cheaper alternatives. In this context, the current review attempts to provide a glimpse of recent developments in the chemistry of pincer-nickel catalyzed reactions. Notably, there have been examples of pincer-nickel catalyzed reactions involving two electron changes via purely organometallic mechanisms that are strikingly similar to those observed with heavier Pd and Pt analogues. On the other hand, there have been distinct differences where the pincer-nickel complexes catalyze single-electron radical reactions. The applicability of pincer-nickel complexes in catalyzing cross-coupling reactions, oxidation reactions, (de)hydrogenation reactions, dehydrogenative coupling, hydrosilylation, hydroboration, C-H activation and carbon dioxide functionalization has been reviewed here from synthesis and mechanistic points of view. The flurry of global pincer-nickel related activities offer promising avenues in catalyzing synthetically valuable organic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Arora
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India.
| | - Himani Narjinari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India.
| | - Pran Gobinda Nandi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India.
| | - Akshai Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India. and Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
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24
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Shao X, Zheng Y, Ramadoss V, Tian L, Wang Y. Recent advances in P III-assisted deoxygenative reactions under photochemical or electrochemical conditions. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:5994-6005. [PMID: 32692327 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01083a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The nucleophilic substitution reactions of hydroxyl groups are one of the most fundamental and widely spread transformations in organic chemistry. Among them, PIII-mediated deoxygenative nucleophilic substitution reactions, such as the Mitsunobu reaction, are frequently used strategies and often require stoichiometric oxidants to activate PIII reagents to induce the desired reactions. It has been illustrated that PIII reagents can be oxidized into the corresponding radical cations through single-electron oxidation by photocatalysis or electro-oxidation. These phosphine radical cations can react with alcohols or carboxylic acids to form the corresponding alkoxyphosphonium or acyloxyphosphonium intermediates, which are very reactive and easily get decomposed. The release of tri-substituted phosphine oxides as a driving force triggers the following nucleophilic substitution. This strategy does not require the use of stoichiometric oxidants and it eludes safety and stability problems. In this review, we summarise the recent advances and discoveries in PIII-assisted direct deoxygenative reactions under photochemical or electrochemical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Shao
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Yue Zheng
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Velayudham Ramadoss
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Lifang Tian
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Yahui Wang
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
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25
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Cheng HG, Pu M, Kundu G, Schoenebeck F. Selective Methylation of Amides, N-Heterocycles, Thiols, and Alcohols with Tetramethylammonium Fluoride. Org Lett 2020; 22:331-334. [PMID: 31834810 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We herein disclose the use of tetramethylammonium fluoride (TMAF) as a direct and selective methylating agent of a variety of amides, indoles, pyrroles, imidazoles, alcohols, and thiols. The method is characterized by operational simplicity, wide scope, and ease of purification. Our computational studies suggest a concerted methylation-deprotonation as the preferred reaction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Gang Cheng
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1 , 52074 Aachen , Germany
| | - Maoping Pu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1 , 52074 Aachen , Germany
| | - Gourab Kundu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1 , 52074 Aachen , Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1 , 52074 Aachen , Germany
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26
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Huy PH. Lewis Base Catalysis Promoted Nucleophilic Substitutions – Recent Advances and Future Directions. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter H. Huy
- Institute for Organic Chemistry Saarland University P. O. Box 151150 66041 Saarbruecken Germany
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27
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Daw P, Kumar A, Espinosa-Jalapa NA, Ben-David Y, Milstein D. Direct Synthesis of Amides by Acceptorless Dehydrogenative Coupling of Benzyl Alcohols and Ammonia Catalyzed by a Manganese Pincer Complex: Unexpected Crucial Role of Base. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:12202-12206. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b05261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prosenjit Daw
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | | | - Yehoshoa Ben-David
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - David Milstein
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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28
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Rana J, Gupta V, Balaraman E. Manganese-catalyzed direct C–C coupling of α-C–H bonds of amides and esters with alcohols via hydrogen autotransfer. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:7094-7099. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt05020a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mn-catalyzed C-alkylation of amides and tert-butyl acetate using alcohols as alkylating agents is reported. This approach exhibits a broad substrate scope providing the C(α)-alkylated amides in good yields via hydrogen auto-transfer strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagannath Rana
- Organic Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL)
- Pune - 411008
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Virendrakumar Gupta
- Polymer Synthesis & Catalysis
- Reliance Research & Development Centre
- Reliance Industries Limited
- Navi Mumbai
- India
| | - Ekambaram Balaraman
- Organic Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL)
- Pune - 411008
- India
- Department of Chemistry
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