1
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Cheng B, Wang Q, An Y, Chen F. Recent advances in the total synthesis of galantamine, a natural medicine for Alzheimer's disease. Nat Prod Rep 2024; 41:1060-1090. [PMID: 38450550 DOI: 10.1039/d4np00001c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Covering: 2006 to 2023(-)-Galantamine is a natural product with distinctive structural features and potent inhibitory activity against acetylcholine esterase (AChE). It is clinically approved for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. The clinical significance and scarcity of this natural product have prompted extensive and ongoing efforts towards the chemical synthesis of this challenging tetracyclic structure. The objective of this review is to summarize and discuss recent progress in the total synthesis of galantamine from 2006 to 2023. The contents are organized according to the synthetic strategies for the construction of the quaternary center. Key features of each synthesis have been highlighted, followed by a summary and outlook at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bichu Cheng
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
- School of Science, Green Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Science, Green Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yi An
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Fener Chen
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
- School of Science, Green Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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2
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Preeti, Kallurkar KV, Mainkar PS, Adepu R, Chandrasekhar S. Easy Access to Phenanthridinones via Metal-Free Cascade Benzannulation and C-N Bond Formation. Org Lett 2023; 25:8408-8412. [PMID: 37971420 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
A concise route for the synthesis of dihydrobenzo[j]phenanthridinones has been disclosed through an aryne annulation strategy under metal-free reaction conditions. The reaction involves multiple C-C and C-N bond cleavages/formations via Diels-Alder reaction, aromatization-driven C-N bond cleavage, and amide formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Kailas V Kallurkar
- Department of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Prathama S Mainkar
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Raju Adepu
- Department of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Srivari Chandrasekhar
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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3
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Sambasiva Rao YN, Ghosh P, Mainkar PS, Chandrasekhar S. Access to Spiroindanolactones/lactams through an Aryne Insertion/Spirocyclization Strategy. Org Lett 2022; 24:5372-5375. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. N. Sambasiva Rao
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Palash Ghosh
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Prathama S. Mainkar
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Srivari Chandrasekhar
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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4
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Xiong Z, Weidlich F, Sanchez C, Wirth T. Biomimetic total synthesis of (-)-galanthamine via intramolecular anodic aryl-phenol coupling. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:4123-4127. [PMID: 35537211 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00669c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
(-)-Galanthamine as a drug for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease has attracted synthetic chemists for decades. However, previous total synthetic and biomimetic approaches often use stoichiometric oxidants (metal oxidants or hypervalent iodine) to prepare the target product. Anodic oxidative coupling offers a sustainable alternative method which is, for the first time, successfully applied to the total synthesis of (-)-galanthamine. We report a new asymmetric total synthesis of (-)-galanthamine by using an anodic aryl-phenol coupling as the key synthetic step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyue Xiong
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Main Building, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, UK.
| | - Frauke Weidlich
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Main Building, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, UK.
| | - Camille Sanchez
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Main Building, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, UK.
| | - Thomas Wirth
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Main Building, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, UK.
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5
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Majumder S, Yadav A, Pal S, Khatua A, Bisai A. Asymmetric Total Syntheses of (-)-Lycoramine, (-)-Lycoraminone, (-)-Narwedine, and (-)-Galanthamine. J Org Chem 2022; 87:7786-7797. [PMID: 35613361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A concise asymmetric total synthesis of naturally occurring Amaryllidaceae alkaloids sharing dihydrobenzofuran scaffolds, (-)-galanthamine (1a), (-)-lycoramine (1b), (-)-narwedine (2a), and (-)-lycoraminone (2b), is reported. Orthoester Johnson-Claisen rearrangement of allyl alcohol (+)-9 (98% ee) in diisopropylethylamine furnished enantioenriched cyclohexene (+)-8 (97.4% ee) with a quaternary stereogenic center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyajit Majumder
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Abhinay Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Souvik Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Arindam Khatua
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Alakesh Bisai
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Kalyani, Nadia 741 246, West Bengal, India
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6
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Chaitanya NK, Rao YNS, Choutipalli VSK, Mainkar PS, Subramanian V, Chandrasekhar S. Cascade aryne insertion/vinylogous aldol reaction of vinyl-substituted β-keto/enol carbonyls. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:3178-3181. [PMID: 35171160 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06810e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic and acyclic vinyl substituted β-keto/enol carbonyl substrates, on reaction with arynes, result in differentially substituted naphthyl carbocycles, hitherto difficult to synthesize with existing protocols. While the substitutions on the arynes have no role, the ring size of the cyclic β-keto/enol esters has a profound influence on the product formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandikolla Krishna Chaitanya
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Y N Sambasiva Rao
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Venkata Surya Kumar Choutipalli
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.,Centre for High Computing, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600 020, India
| | - Prathama S Mainkar
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Venkatesan Subramanian
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.,Centre for High Computing, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600 020, India
| | - Srivari Chandrasekhar
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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7
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Miller IR, McLean NJ, Moustafa GAI, Ajavakom V, Kemp SC, Bellingham RK, Camp NP, Brown RCD. Transition-Metal-Mediated Chemo- and Stereoselective Total Synthesis of (-)-Galanthamine. J Org Chem 2022; 87:1325-1334. [PMID: 35007075 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An asymmetric synthetic route to (-)-galanthamine (1), a pharmacologically active Amaryllidaceae alkaloid used for the symptomatic treatment of early onset Alzheimer's disease, was successfully established with very high levels of stereocontrol. The key to achieving high chemo- and stereo-selectivity in this approach was the use of transition-metal-mediated reactions, namely, enyne ring-closing metathesis, Heck coupling, and titanium-based asymmetric allylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain R Miller
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Neville J McLean
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Gamal A I Moustafa
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Vachiraporn Ajavakom
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Stephen C Kemp
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Richard K Bellingham
- Chemical Development, Glaxo SmithKline Pharmaceuticals, The Old Powder Mills, Leigh, Tonbridge, Kent TN11 9AN, U.K
| | - Nicholas P Camp
- Eli Lilly Research Centre, Erl Wood Manor, Sunninghill Road, Windlesham, Surrey GU20 6PH, U.K
| | - Richard C D Brown
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
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8
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Xu YZ, Tian JW, Sha F, Li Q, Wu XY. Concise Synthesis of Chromene/Chromane-Type Aryne Precursors and Their Applications. J Org Chem 2021; 86:6765-6779. [PMID: 33852309 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The gram-scale synthesis of 5,6-, 6,7-, and 7,8-chromene/chromane-type aryne precursors and their applications in regioselective transformation to other functional derivatives is reported. Chromene/chromane-type arynes are generated under mild conditions, which can further undergo [2 + 2], [3 + 2], and [4 + 2] cycloaddition reactions, nucleophilic addition reactions, and σ-insertion reactions to produce structurally novel substituted chromenes and chromanes. The excellent regioselectivity of the reaction is facilitated by the oxygen-containing guiding groups at the ortho-position of the triple bond, which can be removed or switched to other functional groups including alkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and arylamino groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Ze Xu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jia-Wei Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Feng Sha
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qiong Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xin-Yan Wu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, China
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9
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Sanjeev K, Raju S, Chandrasekhar S. Aromaticity-Driven Access to Cycloalkyl-Fused Naphthalenes. Org Lett 2021; 23:4013-4017. [PMID: 33938758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the efficient synthesis of cycloalkyl-fused naphthalenes through the [4 + 2]-cycloaddtion/decarboxylative aromatization of alkyne-tethered aryne insertion adducts. These scaffolds were difficult to synthesize using conventional reactions. The reaction proceeds via the formation of a benzopyrylium intermediate followed by intramolecular [4 + 2] cycloaddition and a subsequent decarboxylation pathway. This method is also compatible with allene-tethered substrates to afford similar products. In addition, the one-pot synthesis of polysubstituted naphthalenes via aryne insertion/benzannulation has also been developed in good yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karekar Sanjeev
- Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Silver Raju
- Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Srivari Chandrasekhar
- Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030
| | - Lianggui Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030
| | - Yang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030
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11
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Kallepu S, Neeli PK, Mallappa S, Nagendla NK, Reddy Mudiam MK, Mainkar PS, Kotamraju S, Chandrasekhar S. sp 3 -Rich Glycyrrhetinic Acid Analogues Using Late-Stage Functionalization as Potential Breast Tumor Regressing Agents. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:1826-1833. [PMID: 32893968 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Late-stage functionalization (LSF) aids drug discovery efforts by introducing functional groups onto C-H bonds on pre-existing skeletons. We adopted the LSF strategy to synthesize analogues of the abundantly available triterpenoid, glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), by introducing aryl groups in the A-ring, expanding the A-ring and selectively activating one methyl group of the gem-dimethyl groups. Intriguingly, two compounds were found to preferentially accumulate in the mitochondrial compartment of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, to cause depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential and to induce antiproliferative and anti-invasive effects through enhanced mitochondrial superoxide production with parallel depletion of GSH levels. Furthermore, intraperitoneal administration of these two compounds, in comparison with GA, greatly regressed breast tumor growth and metastasis in a SCID mouse model bearing labeled MDA-MB-231 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivakrishna Kallepu
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Neeli
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110020, India
| | - Sreevidya Mallappa
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110020, India
| | - Narendra Kumar Nagendla
- Department of Analytical & Structural Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110020, India
| | - Mohana Krishna Reddy Mudiam
- Department of Analytical & Structural Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110020, India
| | - Prathama S Mainkar
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110020, India
| | - Srigiridhar Kotamraju
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110020, India
| | - Srivari Chandrasekhar
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110020, India
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12
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Isolation, Identification, and Optimization of γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)-Producing Bacillus cereus Strain KBC from a Commercial Soy Sauce moromi in Submerged-Liquid Fermentation. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8060652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new high γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) producing strain of Bacillus cereus was successfully isolated from soy sauce moromi. This B. cereus strain named KBC shared similar morphological characteristics (Gram-positive, rod-shaped) with the reference B. cereus. 16S rRNA sequence of B. cereus KBC was found to be 99% similar with B. cereus strain OPWW1 under phylogenetic tree analysis. B. cereus KBC cultivated in unoptimized conditions using De Man, Rogosa, Sharpe (MRS) broth was capable of producing 523.74 mg L−1 of GABA within five days of the cultivation period. By using response surface methodology (RSM), pH level, monosodium glutamate (MSG) concentration and temperature were optimized for a high concentration of GABA production. The pH level significantly influenced the GABA production by B. cereus KBC with p-value = 0.0023. GABA production by B. cereus KBC under the optimized condition of pH 7, MSG concentration of 5 g L−1 and temperature of 40 °C resulted in GABA production of 3393.02 mg L−1, which is 6.37-fold higher than under unoptimized conditions. Overall, this study has shown that B. cereus KBC isolated from soy sauce moromi is capable of producing a high concentration of GABA together with the optimal fermentation conditions that have been statistically analysed using RSM.
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13
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Gouthami P, Karteek Goud G, Mainkar PS, Chandrasekhar S. Rapid and one-pot synthesis of tri- to tetradeca-deutero nicotines. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.151680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Zhang Y, Shen S, Fang H, Xu T. Total Synthesis of Galanthamine and Lycoramine Featuring an Early-Stage C-C and a Late-Stage Dehydrogenation via C-H Activation. Org Lett 2020; 22:1244-1248. [PMID: 31904968 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a novel strategy toward galanthamine and lycoramine. The concise synthesis was enabled by a Rh-catalyzed gram-scale C-C activation for the tetracyclic carbon framework and a regioselective Pd-catalyzed C-H activation for double-bond introduction. An aqueous-phase Beckmann rearrangement was performed for nitrogen atom insertion. Galanthamine and lycoramine were completed in 11 and 10 steps, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts & Open Studio for Druggability Research of Marine Natural Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , China
| | - Shuna Shen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts & Open Studio for Druggability Research of Marine Natural Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , China
| | - Hua Fang
- Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological Resources , Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Tao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts & Open Studio for Druggability Research of Marine Natural Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , China
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15
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Zhang Q, Zhang FM, Zhang CS, Liu SZ, Tian JM, Wang SH, Zhang XM, Tu YQ. Catalytic Asymmetric Total Syntheses of (−)-Galanthamine and (−)-Lycoramine. J Org Chem 2019; 84:12664-12671. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Si-Zhan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Miao Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Qiang Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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16
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Kranthikumar R, Mainkar PS, Sukumar G, Chegondi R, Chandrasekhar S. Tetrahydrothiopyran-4-one as Five-Carbon Source for Scalable Synthesis of (±)-Tapentadol. Org Process Res Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramagonolla Kranthikumar
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Department of Oraganic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Prathama S. Mainkar
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Department of Oraganic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Genji Sukumar
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Department of Oraganic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Rambabu Chegondi
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Department of Oraganic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Srivari Chandrasekhar
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Department of Oraganic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, Hyderabad 500007, India
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17
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Yang Y, Xu Y, Jones CR. A Ring Expansion Route to Benzofused N-Heterocycles Through Aryne Insertion into 1,3-Diaza-heterocycles. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yang
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences; Queen Mary University of London; Mile End Road E1 4NS London UK
| | - Yue Xu
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences; Queen Mary University of London; Mile End Road E1 4NS London UK
| | - Christopher R. Jones
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences; Queen Mary University of London; Mile End Road E1 4NS London UK
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