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Zedler L, Kupfer S, Schmidt H, Dietzek-Ivanšić B. Oxidation-state sensitive light-induced dynamics of Ruthenium-4H-Imidazole complexes. Chemistry 2023:e202303079. [PMID: 38131166 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Oxidized molecular states are key intermediates in photo-induced redox reactions, e. g., intermolecular charge transfer between photosensitizer and catalyst in photoredox catalysis. The stability and longevity of the oxidized photosensitizer is an important factor in optimizing the respective light-driven reaction pathways. In this work the oxidized states of ruthenium(II)-4H-imidazole dyes are studied. The ruthenium complexes constitute benchmark photosensitizers in solar energy interconversion processes with exceptional chemical stability, strong visible light absorption, and favourable redox properties. To rationalize the light-induced reaction in the oxidized ruthenium(III) systems, we combine UV-vis absorption, resonance Raman, and transient absorption spectroelectrochemistry (SEC) with time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations. Three complexes are compared, which vary with respect to their coordination environment, i. e., combining an 4H-imidazole with either 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) or 2,2';6'2"-terpyridine (tpy) coligands, and chloride or isothiocyanate ligands. While all oxidized complexes have similar steady state absorption properties, their excited state kinetics differ significantly; the study thus opens the doorway to study the light-driven reactivity of oxidized molecular intermediates in intermolecular charge transfer cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Zedler
- Functional Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Stephan Kupfer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Heiner Schmidt
- Functional Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek-Ivanšić
- Functional Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
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2
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Kumar K, Wächtler M. Unravelling Dynamics Involving Multiple Charge Carriers in Semiconductor Nanocrystals. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13091579. [PMID: 37177124 PMCID: PMC10181110 DOI: 10.3390/nano13091579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of colloidal nanocrystals as part of artificial photosynthetic systems has recently gained significant attention, owing to their strong light absorption and highly reproducible, tunable electronic and optical properties. The complete photocatalytic conversion of water to its components is yet to be achieved in a practically suitable and commercially viable manner. To complete this challenging task, we are required to fully understand the mechanistic aspects of the underlying light-driven processes involving not just single charge carriers but also multiple charge carriers in detail. This review focuses on recent progress in understanding charge carrier dynamics in semiconductor nanocrystals and the influence of various parameters such as dimension, composition, and cocatalysts. Transient absorption spectroscopic studies involving single and multiple charge carriers, and the challenges associated with the need for accumulation of multiple charge carriers to drive the targeted chemical reactions, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishan Kumar
- Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Maria Wächtler
- Chemistry Department and State Research Center OPTIMAS, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 52, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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Stiel H, Braenzel J, Jonas A, Gnewkow R, Glöggler LT, Sommer D, Krist T, Erko A, Tümmler J, Mantouvalou I. Towards Understanding Excited-State Properties of Organic Molecules Using Time-Resolved Soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13463. [PMID: 34948258 PMCID: PMC8706469 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The extension of the pump-probe approach known from UV/VIS spectroscopy to very short wavelengths together with advanced simulation techniques allows a detailed analysis of excited-state dynamics in organic molecules or biomolecular structures on a nanosecond to femtosecond time level. Optical pump soft X-ray probe spectroscopy is a relatively new approach to detect and characterize optically dark states in organic molecules, exciton dynamics or transient ligand-to-metal charge transfer states. In this paper, we describe two experimental setups for transient soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy based on an LPP emitting picosecond and sub-nanosecond soft X-ray pulses in the photon energy range between 50 and 1500 eV. We apply these setups for near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) investigations of thin films of a metal-free porphyrin, an aggregate forming carbocyanine and a nickel oxide molecule. NEXAFS investigations have been carried out at the carbon, nitrogen and oxygen K-edge as well as on the Ni L-edge. From time-resolved NEXAFS carbon, K-edge measurements of the metal-free porphyrin first insights into a long-lived trap state are gained. Our findings are discussed and compared with density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Stiel
- Berlin Laboratory for Innovative X-ray Technologies (BLiX), D-10623 Berlin, Germany; (J.B.); (A.J.); (R.G.); (L.T.G.); (J.T.); (I.M.)
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, D-12489 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Julia Braenzel
- Berlin Laboratory for Innovative X-ray Technologies (BLiX), D-10623 Berlin, Germany; (J.B.); (A.J.); (R.G.); (L.T.G.); (J.T.); (I.M.)
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, D-12489 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Adrian Jonas
- Berlin Laboratory for Innovative X-ray Technologies (BLiX), D-10623 Berlin, Germany; (J.B.); (A.J.); (R.G.); (L.T.G.); (J.T.); (I.M.)
- Analytical X-ray Physics, TU Berlin, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Richard Gnewkow
- Berlin Laboratory for Innovative X-ray Technologies (BLiX), D-10623 Berlin, Germany; (J.B.); (A.J.); (R.G.); (L.T.G.); (J.T.); (I.M.)
- Analytical X-ray Physics, TU Berlin, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lisa Theresa Glöggler
- Berlin Laboratory for Innovative X-ray Technologies (BLiX), D-10623 Berlin, Germany; (J.B.); (A.J.); (R.G.); (L.T.G.); (J.T.); (I.M.)
- Analytical X-ray Physics, TU Berlin, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Denny Sommer
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, D-12489 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Thomas Krist
- NOB Nano Optics Berlin GmbH, D-10627 Berlin, Germany;
| | | | - Johannes Tümmler
- Berlin Laboratory for Innovative X-ray Technologies (BLiX), D-10623 Berlin, Germany; (J.B.); (A.J.); (R.G.); (L.T.G.); (J.T.); (I.M.)
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, D-12489 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Ioanna Mantouvalou
- Berlin Laboratory for Innovative X-ray Technologies (BLiX), D-10623 Berlin, Germany; (J.B.); (A.J.); (R.G.); (L.T.G.); (J.T.); (I.M.)
- Analytical X-ray Physics, TU Berlin, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
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Gotico P, Tran T, Baron A, Vauzeilles B, Lefumeux C, Ha‐Thi M, Pino T, Halime Z, Quaranta A, Leibl W, Aukauloo A. Tracking Charge Accumulation in a Functional Triazole‐Linked Ruthenium‐Rhenium Dyad Towards Photocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202100010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Gotico
- Université Paris Saclay Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO) 91405 Orsay France
| | - Thu‐Trang Tran
- Université Paris Saclay Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO) 91405 Orsay France
| | - Aurelie Baron
- Université Paris-Saclay Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN) 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Boris Vauzeilles
- Université Paris-Saclay Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN) 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Christophe Lefumeux
- Université Paris Saclay Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO) 91405 Orsay France
| | - Minh‐Huong Ha‐Thi
- Université Paris Saclay Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO) 91405 Orsay France
| | - Thomas Pino
- Université Paris Saclay Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO) 91405 Orsay France
| | - Zakaria Halime
- Université Paris Saclay Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) 91405 Orsay France
| | - Annamaria Quaranta
- Université Paris Saclay CEA, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC) 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Winfried Leibl
- Université Paris Saclay CEA, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC) 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Ally Aukauloo
- Université Paris Saclay Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) 91405 Orsay France
- Université Paris Saclay CEA, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC) 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
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5
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Efficient light activation of a [Ru(bpy)(tpy)Cl]+ catalyst by a porphyrin photosensitizer at small driving force. Polyhedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2020.114775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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6
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Skaisgirski M, Larsen CB, Kerzig C, Wenger OS. Stepwise Photoinduced Electron Transfer in a Tetrathiafulvalene‐Phenothiazine‐Ruthenium Triad. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Skaisgirski
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel St. Johanns‐Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Christopher B. Larsen
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel St. Johanns‐Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Christoph Kerzig
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel St. Johanns‐Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Oliver S. Wenger
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel St. Johanns‐Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
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Neumann S, Kerzig C, Wenger OS. Quantitative insights into charge-separated states from one- and two-pulse laser experiments relevant for artificial photosynthesis. Chem Sci 2019; 10:5624-5633. [PMID: 31293747 PMCID: PMC6553010 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc01381d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Charge-separated states (CSSs) are key intermediates in photosynthesis and solar energy conversion. However, the factors governing the formation efficiencies of CSSs are still poorly understood, and light-induced electron-hole recombinations as deactivation pathways competing with desired charge accumulations are largely unexplored. This greatly limits the possibility to perform efficient multi-electron transfer, which is essential for artificial photosynthesis. We present a systematic investigation of two donor-sensitizer-acceptor triads (with different donor-acceptor distances) capable of storing as much as 2.0 eV in their CSSs upon the absorption of a visible photon. Using quantitative one- and two-pulse laser flash photolysis, we provide deep insights into both the CSS formation quantum yield, which can reach up to 80%, and the fate of the CSS upon further (secondary) excitation with green photons. The triad with shorter intramolecular distances shows a remarkable excitation wavelength dependence of the CSS formation quantum yield, and the CSS of this triad undergoes more efficient light-induced charge recombination than the longer equivalent by about one order of magnitude, whilst thermal charge recombination shows the exact opposite behavior. The unexpected results of our detailed photophysical study can be rationalized by detrimental singlet charge transfer states or structural considerations, and could significantly contribute to the future design of CSS precursors for accumulative multi-electron transfer and artificial photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Neumann
- Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , St. Johanns-Ring 19 , 4056 Basel , Switzerland . ;
| | - Christoph Kerzig
- Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , St. Johanns-Ring 19 , 4056 Basel , Switzerland . ;
| | - Oliver S Wenger
- Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , St. Johanns-Ring 19 , 4056 Basel , Switzerland . ;
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Pannwitz A, Wenger OS. Proton-coupled multi-electron transfer and its relevance for artificial photosynthesis and photoredox catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:4004-4014. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc00821g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced PCET meets catalysis, and the accumulation of multiple redox equivalents is of key importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pannwitz
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Basel
- 4056 Basel
- Switzerland
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