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Hackbarth S, Gao S, Šubr V, Lin L, Pohl J, Etrych T, Fang J. Singlet Oxygen In Vivo: It Is All about Intensity-Part 2. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13050781. [PMID: 37240951 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13050781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, we reported induced anoxia as a limiting factor for photodynamic tumor therapy (PDT). This effect occurs in vivo if the amount of generated singlet oxygen that undergoes chemical reactions with cellular components exceeds the local oxygen supply. The amount of generated singlet oxygen depends mainly on photosensitizer (PS) accumulation, efficiency, and illumination intensity. With illumination intensities above a certain threshold, singlet oxygen is limited to the blood vessel and the nearest vicinity; lower intensities allow singlet oxygen generation also in tissue which is a few cell layers away from the vessels. While all experiments so far were limited to light intensities above this threshold, we report experimental results for intensities at both sides of the threshold for the first time, giving proof for the described model. Using time-resolved optical detection in NIR, we demonstrate characteristic, illumination intensity-dependent changes in signal kinetics of singlet oxygen and photosensitizer phosphorescence in vivo. The described analysis allows for better optimization and coordination of PDT drugs and treatment, as well as new diagnostic methods based on gated PS phosphorescence, for which we report a first in vivo feasibility test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Hackbarth
- Institute of Physics, Photobiophysics, Humboldt University of Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Shanghui Gao
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Oncology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Vladimír Šubr
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 16200 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lisheng Lin
- Institute of Physics, Photobiophysics, Humboldt University of Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Jakob Pohl
- Institute of Physics, Photobiophysics, Humboldt University of Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tomáš Etrych
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 16200 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jun Fang
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Oncology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
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Zhu W, Sharma N, Lee YM, El-Khouly ME, Fukuzumi S, Nam W. Use of Singlet Oxygen in the Generation of a Mononuclear Nonheme Iron(IV)-Oxo Complex. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:4116-4123. [PMID: 36862977 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Nonheme iron(III)-superoxo intermediates are generated in the activation of dioxygen (O2) by nonheme iron(II) complexes and then converted to iron(IV)-oxo species by reacting with hydrogen donor substrates with relatively weak C-H bonds. If singlet oxygen (1O2) with ca. 1 eV higher energy than the ground state triplet oxygen (3O2) is employed, iron(IV)-oxo complexes can be synthesized using hydrogen donor substrates with much stronger C-H bonds. However, 1O2 has never been used in generating iron(IV)-oxo complexes. Herein, we report that a nonheme iron(IV)-oxo species, [FeIV(O)(TMC)]2+ (TMC = tetramethylcyclam), is generated using 1O2, which is produced with boron subphthalocyanine chloride (SubPc) as a photosensitizer, and hydrogen donor substrates with relatively strong C-H bonds, such as toluene (BDE = 89.5 kcal mol-1), via electron transfer from [FeII(TMC)]2+ to 1O2, which is energetically more favorable by 0.98 eV, as compared with electron transfer from [FeII(TMC)]2+ to 3O2. Electron transfer from [FeII(TMC)]2+ to 1O2 produces an iron(III)-superoxo complex, [FeIII(O2)(TMC)]2+, followed by abstracting a hydrogen atom from toluene by [FeIII(O2)(TMC)]2+ to form an iron(III)-hydroperoxo complex, [FeIII(OOH)(TMC)]2+, that is further converted to the [FeIV(O)(TMC)]2+ species. Thus, the present study reports the first example of generating a mononuclear nonheme iron(IV)-oxo complex with the use of singlet oxygen, instead of triplet oxygen, and a hydrogen atom donor with relatively strong C-H bonds. Detailed mechanistic aspects, such as the detection of 1O2 emission, the quenching by [FeII(TMC)]2+, and the quantum yields, have also been discussed to provide valuable mechanistic insights into understanding nonheme iron-oxo chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Namita Sharma
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Yong-Min Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Mohamed E El-Khouly
- Institute of Basic and Applied Sciences, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology, New Borg El-Arab 21934, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Wonwoo Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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Murotomi K, Umeno A, Shichiri M, Tanito M, Yoshida Y. Significance of Singlet Oxygen Molecule in Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032739. [PMID: 36769060 PMCID: PMC9917472 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species, including singlet oxygen, play an important role in the onset and progression of disease, as well as in aging. Singlet oxygen can be formed non-enzymatically by chemical, photochemical, and electron transfer reactions, or as a byproduct of endogenous enzymatic reactions in phagocytosis during inflammation. The imbalance of antioxidant enzymes and antioxidant networks with the generation of singlet oxygen increases oxidative stress, resulting in the undesirable oxidation and modification of biomolecules, such as proteins, DNA, and lipids. This review describes the molecular mechanisms of singlet oxygen production in vivo and methods for the evaluation of damage induced by singlet oxygen. The involvement of singlet oxygen in the pathogenesis of skin and eye diseases is also discussed from the biomolecular perspective. We also present our findings on lipid oxidation products derived from singlet oxygen-mediated oxidation in glaucoma, early diabetes patients, and a mouse model of bronchial asthma. Even in these diseases, oxidation products due to singlet oxygen have not been measured clinically. This review discusses their potential as biomarkers for diagnosis. Recent developments in singlet oxygen scavengers such as carotenoids, which can be utilized to prevent the onset and progression of disease, are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutoshi Murotomi
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan
| | - Aya Umeno
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo 693-8501, Japan
| | - Mototada Shichiri
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ikeda 563-8577, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-72-751-8234
| | - Masaki Tanito
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo 693-8501, Japan
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Wang T, Chen Y, Wang B, Gao X, Wu M. Recent Progress in Second Near-Infrared (NIR-II) Fluorescence Imaging in Cancer. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1044. [PMID: 36008937 PMCID: PMC9405640 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer continues to be one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and its incidence is on the rise. Although cancer diagnosis and therapy have advanced significantly in recent decades, it is still a challenge to achieve the accurate identification and localization of cancer and to complete tumor elimination with a maximum preservation of normal tissue. Recently, second near-infrared region (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) fluorescence has shown great application potential in cancer theranostics due to its inherent advantages, such as great penetration capacity, minimal tissue absorption and scattering, and low autofluorescence. With the development of fluorescence imaging systems and fluorescent probes, tumor detection, margin definition, and individualized therapy can be achieved quickly, enabling an increasingly accurate diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Herein, this review introduces the role of NIR-II fluorescence imaging in cancer diagnosis and summarizes the representative applications of NIR-II image-guided treatment in cancer therapy. Ultimately, we discuss the present challenges and future perspectives on fluorescence imaging in the field of cancer theranostics and put forward our opinions on how to improve the accuracy and efficiency of cancer diagnosis and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mingfu Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (T.W.); (Y.C.); (B.W.); (X.G.)
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Singlet Oxygen In Vivo: It Is All about Intensity. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12060891. [PMID: 35743675 PMCID: PMC9224567 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12060891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The presented work addresses the influence of illumination intensity on the amount and locations of singlet oxygen generation in tumor tissue. We used time-resolved optical detection at the typical emission wavelength around 1270 nm and at 1200 nm where there is no singlet oxygen phosphorescence to determine the phosphorescence kinetics. The discussed data comprise in vivo measurements in tumor-laden HET-CAM and mice. The results show that illumination that is too intense is a major issue, affecting many PDT treatments and all singlet oxygen measurements in vivo so far. In such cases, photosensitization and oxygen consumption exceed oxygen supply, limiting singlet oxygen generation to the blood vessels and walls, while photosensitizers in the surrounding tissue will likely not participate. Being a limitation for the treatment, on one hand, on the other, this finding offers a new method for tumor diagnosis when using photosensitizers exploiting the EPR effect. In contrast to high-intensity PDT, some papers reported successful treatment with nanoparticular drugs using much lower illumination intensity. The question of whether, with such illumination, singlet oxygen is indeed generated in areas apart from vessels and walls, is addressed by numerical analysis. In addition, we discuss how to perform measurements at such low intensities.
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Ibrahimova V, González-Delgado JA, Levêque M, Torres T, Garanger E, Lecommandoux S. Photooxidation Responsive Elastin-Like Polypeptide Conjugates for Photodynamic Therapy Application. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:1719-1728. [PMID: 34240853 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive recombinant elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) are artificial protein polymers derived from the hydrophobic domain of tropoelastin that have attracted significant interest for drug delivery and tissue engineering applications. In the present study, we have conjugated a photosensitizer (PS) to a hydrophobic methionine-containing ELP scaffold, which upon reaction with singlet oxygen (1O2) is transformed into a hydrophilic sulfoxide derivative facilitating the disassembly of photosensitizer-delivery particles during the photodynamic therapy (PDT) process. A peripherally substituted carboxy-Zn(II)-phthalocyanine derivative (TT1) bearing a carboxyl group directly linked to the Pc-ring, and presenting an absorption maximum around 680 nm, was selected as PS which simultaneously acted as a photooxidation catalyst. A TT1-ELP[M1V3-40] conjugate was prepared from ELP[M1V3-40] modified with an alkyne group at the N-terminal chain end, and from TT1-amide-C3-azide by copper(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction. This innovative model photooxidation sensitive PS delivery technology offers promising attributes in terms of temperature-controlled particle formation and oxidation-triggered release, narrow molar mass distribution, reproducibility, scalability, non-immunogenicity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability for pharmaceutical applications in an effort to improve the clinical effectiveness of PDT treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vusala Ibrahimova
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | | | - Manon Levêque
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Tomas Torres
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA-Nanociencia, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Garanger
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600, Pessac, France
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An YW, Jin HT, Yuan B, Wang JC, Wang C, Liu HQ. Research progress of berberine mediated photodynamic therapy. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:359. [PMID: 33747216 PMCID: PMC7967931 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Berberine (BBR) is a plant secondary metabolite that has been used in photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the last few decades. The present review aimed to discuss the research progress of BBR-mediated photodynamic actions. The following key words were searched in several databases: 'Berberine' combined with 'photodynamic therapy', 'sonodynamic therapy (SDT)', 'ultraviolet', 'reactive oxygen' and 'singlet oxygen'. The results demonstrated that both type I and type II reactions participated in the photodynamic progression of BBR derivatives. In addition, the photochemical characteristics of BBR derivatives were affected by the polarity, pH and O2 content of solvents. DNA binding increases the lifespan of the photoexcited BBR state and generation of singlet oxygen (1O2). The chemical properties of substituents in different positions of the BBR skeleton are pivotal for its photochemical properties, particularly the methylenedioxy group at the C-2 and C-3 positions. BBR is a promising agent for mediating both PDT- and SDT-treated diseases, particularly in tumors. However, further studies are required to validate their biological effects. In addition, the molecular mechanisms underlying the antitumor effects of BBR-PDT remain unclear and warrant further investigation. The structural modification and targeted delivery of BBR have made it possible to broaden its applications; however, experimental verification is required. Overall, BBR acts as a sensitizer for PDT and has promising development prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wen An
- Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518118, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Tao Jin
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518118, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Chun Wang
- Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518118, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518118, P.R. China
| | - Han-Qing Liu
- Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518118, P.R. China
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Imaging of hypoxia, oxygen consumption and recovery in vivo during ALA-photodynamic therapy using delayed fluorescence of Protoporphyrin IX. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 30:101790. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Zhou J, Sun C, Yu C. Highly-controllable drug release from core cross-linked singlet oxygen-responsive nanoparticles for cancer therapy. RSC Adv 2020; 10:19997-20008. [PMID: 35520443 PMCID: PMC9054206 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02053b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly-controllable release consisting of preventing unnecessary drug leakage at physiologically normal tissues and triggering sufficient drug release at tumor sites is the main aim of nanoparticle-based tumor therapy. Developing drug-conjugation strategies with covalent bonds in response to a characteristic stimulus, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by photodynamic therapy (PDT) has attracted much attention. ROS can not only cause cytotoxicity, but also trigger the cleavage of ROS-responsive linkers. Therefore, it is feasible to design a new model of controlled drug release via the breakage of ROS-responsive linkers and degradation of nanoparticles. The self-supply of the stimulus and highly-controllable drug release can be achieved by encapsulation of photosensitizer (PS) and chemotherapeutic drugs simultaneously without any support of tumor endogenous stimuli. Therefore, we used thioketal (TK) linkers as the responsive linkers due to their reaction with singlet oxygen (1O2, SO), a type of ROS. They were conjugated to the side groups of polyphosphoesters (PPE) via click chemistry to acquire the core cross-linked SO-responsive PPE nanoparticles poly(thioketal phosphoesters) (TK-PPE). TK-PPE coated with the photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6) and chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (DOX) simultaneously were prepared and named as TK-PPECe6&DOX. TK-PPECe6&DOX kept stable due to the high stability of the TK-linkers in the normal physiological environment. With self-production of SO as the stimulating factor from the encapsulated Ce6, highly-controlled drug release was achieved. After incubation of tumor cells, 660 nm laser irradiation induced SO generation, resulting in the cleavage of TK-linkers and boosted-release of DOX. Highly-controllable drug release of TK-PPECe6&DOX through self-production of stimulus increased antitumor efficacy, offering a promising avenue for clinical on-demand chemotherapy. Core cross-linked singlet oxygen-responsive nanoparticle TK-PPECe6&DOX could achieve highly-controllable drug release through self-production of SO as the stimulus to increase antitumor efficacy for cancer therapy.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayan Zhou
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin 300052 P. R. China
| | - Chunyang Sun
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin 300052 P. R. China
| | - Chunshui Yu
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin 300052 P. R. China
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Rani S, Gupta U. HPMA-based polymeric conjugates in anticancer therapeutics. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:997-1012. [PMID: 32334073 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Polymer therapeutics has gained prominence due to an attractive structural polymer chemistry and its applications in diseases therapy. In this review, we discussed the development and capabilities of N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA) and HPMA-drug conjugates in cancer therapy. The design, architecture, and structural properties of HPMA make it a versatile system for the synthesis of polymeric conjugations for biomedical applications. Research suggests that HPMA could be a possible alternative for polymers such polyethylene glycol (PEG) in biomedical applications. Although numerous clinical trials of HPMA-drug conjugates are ongoing, yet no product has been successfully brought to the market. Thus, further research is required to develop HPMA-drug conjugates as successful cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Rani
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Umesh Gupta
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India.
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Scholz M, Gunn JR, Luke GP, Pogue BW. Imaging of singlet oxygen feedback delayed fluorescence and lysosome permeabilization in tumor in vivo during photodynamic therapy with aluminum phthalocyanine. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2020; 25:1-14. [PMID: 31920049 PMCID: PMC6951482 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.6.063806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Singlet oxygen is a key cytotoxic agent in photodynamic therapy (PDT). As such, its imaging is highly desirable, but existing direct imaging methods are still limited by the exceptionally low yield of the luminescence signal. Singlet oxygen feedback delayed fluorescence (SOFDF) of the photosensitizer is a higher yield alternative for indirect measurement of this signal. <p> Aim: The aim was to explore feasibility of SOFDF imaging in vivo in tumor-bearing mice during PDT and investigate how SOFDF images can be transformed into images of singlet oxygen. In addition, we study whether lysosome permeabilization can be visualized through fluorescence lifetime.</p> <p> Approach: Mice were intravenously injected with 2.5 mg/kg of photosensitizer aluminum(III) phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate (AlPcS4) 20 h prior to experiments, having subcutaneous BxPC3 pancreas tumors. Time-resolved delayed fluorescence and prompt fluorescence (PF) were imaged using an intensified time-gated camera with 10-Hz pulsed laser excitation at 690 nm. </p> <p> Results: Delayed emission from AlPcS4 was detected with lifetimes 7 to 11 μs, which was attributed to SOFDF and shown to be oxygen-dependent. Singlet oxygen images were approximated by the ratio of SOFDF/PF at each pixel. SOFDF images of a good quality could be captured within several seconds with a radiant exposure of ∼20 mJ / cm2. In addition, lifetime images of AlPcS4 PF in ns-time domain enabled us to visualize the event of lysosome permeabilization, as the lifetime increased from ∼4.7 to 5.2 ns. </p> <p> Conclusions: Imaging of SOFDF in vivo in mouse tumor during PDT with AlPcS4 is feasible, and it is a promising method for singlet molecular oxygen monitoring. Moreover, the time-gated approach also enables visualization of the lysosome permeabilization that alters the PF lifetime. </p>
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Scholz
- Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Center for Imaging Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
- Address all correspondence to Marek Scholz, E-mail: ; Brian W. Pogue, E-mail:
| | - Jason R. Gunn
- Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Center for Imaging Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Geoffrey P. Luke
- Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Center for Imaging Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Brian W. Pogue
- Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Center for Imaging Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
- Address all correspondence to Marek Scholz, E-mail: ; Brian W. Pogue, E-mail:
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Etrych T, Janoušková O, Chytil P. Fluorescence Imaging as a Tool in Preclinical Evaluation of Polymer-Based Nano-DDS Systems Intended for Cancer Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E471. [PMID: 31547308 PMCID: PMC6781319 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11090471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted drug delivery using nano-sized carrier systems with targeting functions to malignant and inflammatory tissue and tailored controlled drug release inside targeted tissues or cells has been and is still intensively studied. A detailed understanding of the correlation between the pharmacokinetic properties and structure of the nano-sized carrier is crucial for the successful transition of targeted drug delivery nanomedicines into clinical practice. In preclinical research in particular, fluorescence imaging has become one of the most commonly used powerful imaging tools. Increasing numbers of suitable fluorescent dyes that are excitable in the visible to near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths of the spectrum and the non-invasive nature of the method have significantly expanded the applicability of fluorescence imaging. This chapter summarizes non-invasive fluorescence-based imaging methods and discusses their potential advantages and limitations in the field of drug delivery, especially in anticancer therapy. This chapter focuses on fluorescent imaging from the cellular level up to the highly sophisticated three-dimensional imaging modality at a systemic level. Moreover, we describe the possibility for simultaneous treatment and imaging using fluorescence theranostics and the combination of different imaging techniques, e.g., fluorescence imaging with computed tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Etrych
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Olga Janoušková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Chytil
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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